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1 Vol. 49 No (Oct. 2008) for IDB network. In this paper, we analyze the issues for existing AV/C protocol (application layer protocol over IEEE1394) to comprise the IDB network. In addition, we designed and implemented the Vehicle Interface Protocol as a higher layer of IEEE1394 to address the AV/C protocol issues for realizing the whole IDB network architecture. 1, ITS ITS Data Bus IDB IDB IDB IEEE1394 ilink FireWire IEEE1394 AV/C IDB IEEE1394 AV/C IEEE1394 IDB Proposal of Vehicle Interface Protocol with the High Performance Serial Bus Technology Kenya Sato, 1, 2 Takahiro Koita 1 and Scott McCormick 2 A wide variety of in-vehicle devices such as camera sensors, navigation systems, telematics and communication equipments have been incorporated into a vehicle to realize Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) applications. Because an efficient standardized network is required, ITS Data Bus (IDB) has been discussed to carry high-speed multimedia data for audio, video and other real-time ITS applications. For connecting devices in a standardized manner, the IDB network has architecture with a gateway called vehicle interface which is located between automaker s proprietary network and the standardized IDB network. IEEE1394 high performance serial bus (also known as ilink or FireWire), which can transport multimedia data for consumer electronics, is a good candidate 1. ITS 1),2) SAE Society of Automotive Engineers ITS Data Bus IDB 3) 1 IDB IDB IDB IDB IDB IDB IDB PC IEEE1394 4) 6) 7) IEEE Mbps Asynchronous Isochronous PC QoS 8) IEEE1394 IEC ) 1 Department of Information Systems Design, Doshisha University 2 Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc c 2008 Information Processing Society of Japan

2 3521 DVD IEEE1394 IEC61883 IEEE1394 AV/C AV/C (1) IEEE1394 AV/C IDB (2) (3) 2 3 IDB 4 IEEE IEEE1394 IDB MOST Media Oriented Systems Transport 11) TDMA Time Division Multiple Access ID AV/C IDB AMI-C 12) IEEE ) 1 IDB Fig. 1 Network architecture for IDB. IEC61883 AV/C 10) IEEE1394 IDB USB PC Ethernet CSMA/CD QoS CoS Class of Service Ethernet QoS Ethernet IEEE1394 AV/C HAVi Home Audio/Video Interoperability 14) IIDC Instrumentation and Industrial Digital Camera 15) SBP2 ANSI Serial Bus Protocol 2 16) IPover ) HAVi HAVi Java 10 AV/C IEEE ) 20) IEEE1394 SCOOT-R 21) / OHCI Open Host Controller Interface IEEE1394 IDB TA Trade Association IDB-Forum IDB-1394 TA Document ) IEEE 1394b ) CCP Customer Convenience Port

3 3522 IEEE IDB IDB IDB AP IDB IDB CD MD IDB 23) 4. IEEE1394 IEEE1394 IEEE1394 AV/C 2 IEEE1394 Fig. 2 IEEE1394 frame format. 3 AV/C Fig. 3 AV/C protocol format. 4.1 IEEE Asynchronous IEEE Destination ID Source ID ID Data Field AV/C IEEE1394 IEEE ) CSR Control and Status Register ROM 4.2 AV/C 3 IEC61883 FCP

4 3523 AV/C VCR Subunit Type Subunit ID Subunit Type Subunit ID Subunit Type Subunit ID 5. IEEE1394 IDB IEEE IEEE1394 IEEE1394 IEEE1212 AV/C (1) PHY/LINK (2) PHY ID (3) ROM (4) ROM (5) (6) (7) (8) ID (9) ID ID (10) IEEE1394 ROM ROM ROM Unit AV/C Subunit ROM IEEE ) 5.2 AV/C Subunit Type Subunit ID IEEE1394 TV 1 1 IEEE1394 IEEE1394 AV/C PU1 1 AP1 3 PU3 3 AP3 AV/C IEEE1394 Src 1 PU1 Dest 2 PU2 AV/C 3 AP3 2 PU2 1 2

5 Fig. 4 AV/C AV/C protocol issue (gateway structure). 3 PU3 IEEE PU2 3 PU3 AV/C 3 AP3 3 AP3 2 1 IEEE PU3 2 PU2 AV/C AV/C 3 AP3 1 2 PU PU1 2 PU2 5.3 IEEE1394 AV/C 5 1 PU1 2 5 AV/C Fig. 5 AV/C protocol issue (logical unit). AV/C 1 PU1 1 AP1 3 PU3 3 AP3 1 AP3 PU3 PU1 AP1 3 AP PU1 1 AP1 PU1 AP1 1 1 AP1 1 1 PU1 2 AP2 3 AP3

6 Fig. 6 Vehicle interface protocol structure AP3 2 PU PU1 3 PU3 1 AP1 2 AP2 1 1 PU1 2 AP IDB IEEE1394 AV/C VIP IEEE1394 IEC61883 AV/C IEEE AV/C IEC61883 FCP IEEE1394 IDB-1394 IEEE1394 FCP 4 FCP CTS FCP FCP IEEE1394 AV/C

7 3526 FCP 6.2 ROM (1) PHY/LINK (2) PHY ID (3) ID (4) ROM ROM IDB Dest F-Type Dest I-Num Src F-Type Src I-Num F-Type 7 Fig. 7 Vehicle interface protocol frame format. I-Num I-Num 1 2 F-Type TCP/UDP F-Type I-Num 4 IEEE1394 AV/C 8 1 PU1 1 AP PU1 2 PU2 1 AP1 PU1 AP3 PU2 2 PU PU3 IEEE PU2 3 PU3 AP1 AP3 2 3 AP3 1 AP1

8 VIP Fig. 8 VIP solution (gateway structure). 1 AP3 PU3 PU1 PU2 PU2 1 2 PU1 AP3 PU2 AP1 PU1 9 1 PU1 1 AP1 3 PU3 3 AP3 1 1 PU1 2 AP2 3 PU3 3 AP3 2 3 AP3 1 AP3 PU3 AP1 PU1 2 AP3 PU3 AP2 PU VIP Fig. 9 VIP solution (logical unit). 1 2 AV/C IDB 6.4 PC AV/C 26)

9 PC AV/C IDB VDC: Vehicle Device Controller 7.2 ROM ID m MOST 27) 7.3 IDB IDB VDC VDC VDC IDB VDC 10 Fig. 10 Architecture of vehicle interface system. VDC VDC PC IDB AV/C CD MD AV AV AV IDB AV AV IDB AV AV AV CD AV AV IDB AV CD AV IDB AV

10 3529 AV/C IDB AV/C IEC61883 ID Command / Transaction Set CTS Code CTS Code IEC FCP Frame b AV/C 0011b HAVi 0100b 28) CTS 8. IDB IEEE1394 IEEE1212 AV/C AV/C ISO Part3 29) Part4 30) 1) Leen, G. and Heffernan, D.: Expanding Automotive Electronic Systems, IEEE Computer, Vol.35, No.1, pp (2002). 2) Navet, N., Song, Y., Simonot-Lion, F. and Wilwert, C.: Trends in Automotive Communication Systems, Proc. IEEE, Vol.93, No.6, pp (2005). 3) Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE): ITS Data Bus Architecture Reference Model Information Report, SAE J2355 (1997). 4) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for a High Performance Serial Bus, IEEE Std (1995). 5) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for High Performance Serial Bus Amendment 1, IEEE Std 1394a-2000 (2000). 6) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for High Performance Serial Bus Amendment 2, IEEE Std 1394b-2002 (2002). 7) Rabel, M., Schmeiser, A. and Grobmann, H.P.: Integrating IEEE 1394 as Infotainment Backbone into the Automotive Environment, Proc. IEEE Vehicular Technology Conference 2001, Vol.3, pp (2001). 8) QoS Vol.2002, No.115, pp (2002). 9) International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC): Consumer Audio/Video Equipment Digital Interface IEC Part 1-6 (1998). 10) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): AV/C Digital Interface Command Set General Specification 4.2, TA Document , 1394 Trade Association (2004). 11) MOST Cooperation: MOST Specification, Rev. 2.5 (2006). 12) AMI-C Inc. 13) Guglielmetti, L.: Standardizing Automotive Multimedia Interfaces, IEEE multimedia, Vol.10, Issue 2, pp (2003). 14) HAVi, Inc.: Specification of the Home Audio/Video Interoperability Architecture (2001). 15) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): IIDC 1394-based Digital Camera Specification, TA Document , 1394 Trade Association (2004). 16) American National Standards Institute (ANSI): Information Technology Serial Bus Protocol 2 (SBP-2), ANSI INCITS (2003). 17) Johansson, P.: IPv4 over IEEE 1394, Internet Society, Request for Comments 2734 (RFC2734) (1999). 18) Saito, T., Tomoda, I., Takabatake, Y., Ami, J. and Teramoto, K.: Home Gateway Architecture and its Implementation, IEEE Trans. Consumer Electronics, Vol.46, No.4, pp (2000). 19) Hofrichter, K.: The Residential Gateway as Service Platform, Proc. International Conference on Consumer Electronics, pp (2001). 20) Reilly, D. and Taleb-Bendiab, A.: A Service-Based Architecture for In-Vehicle Telematics Systems, International Conference on Distributed Computing Systems Workshops, pp (2002). 21) Chaaban, K., Shawky, M. and Crubille, P.: Dynamic Reconfiguration for High Level In-Vehicle Applications using IEEE-1394, Proc. International Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, pp (2004). 22) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): IDB-1394 Automotive Specification 1.0, TA Document (2003). 23) CAN Controller Area Network Vol.46, No.8, pp

3530 (2005). 24) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for a Control and Status Registers (CSR) Architecture for Microcomputer Buses, IEEE Std 1212-2001 (2001).

6041, pp.10:1 6 (2005). 26) Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. (AMI-C): AMI-C Common Message Set, AMI-C 2002 (2003). 27) (2007).

29) International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Road vehicles Automotive Multimedia Interface Part 4: Network Protocol Requirements for Vehicle Interface, ISO 22902-4:2006 (2006).

11 3530 (2005). 24) Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE): Standard for a Control and Status Registers (CSR) Architecture for Microcomputer Buses, IEEE Std (2001). 25) Takagi, A., Koita, T. and Sato, K.: Fast Service Discovery Mechanism through High Speed Multimedia Network, Proc. 3rd International Conference on Mechatronics and Information Technology, Vol.6041, pp.10:1 6 (2005). 26) Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. (AMI-C): AMI-C Common Message Set, AMI-C 2002 (2003). 27) (2007). 28) 1394 Trade Association (1394TA): Assignment of Automotive CTS Code and Unit SW Version, TA Document , 1394 Trade Association (2001). 29) International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Road vehicles Automotive Multimedia Interface Part 4: Network Protocol Requirements for Vehicle Interface, ISO :2006 (2006). 30) International Organization for Standardization (ISO): Road vehicles Automotive Multimedia Interface Part 5: Common Message Set, ISO :2006 (2006). ( ) ( ) Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. Chief Technologist ITS ACM IEEE-CS SAE Grid IEEE-CS Executive Director of Automotive Multimedia Interface Collaboration, Inc. He is also a former Advisor to the National Science Foundation, the Industrial Sector Representative to the US Federal Laboratories Technology Transfer Consortium, and the Strategic Advisor to ITU-T Advisory Panel on Communication Standards. Scott has degrees in Mathematics, Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, minors in Theoretical Physics, Business Law and Psychology, a Masters in Business Administration and Doctoral Research in Artificial Intelligence.

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JIIAセミナー Digital Interface IIDC URL teli.co.jp/ E-Mail http://www.toshiba-teli.co.jp teli.co.jp/ s-itokawa@toshiba-teli.co.jpteli.co.jp EIA,NTSC EIA,NTSC 4-5 JIIA JIIA - / Digital Interface Digital Interface IEEE1394