アイデンティティ概念の理論的背景と問題点について 精神分析的観点による再検討のために
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1 Theoretical Background of the Concept of Identity and its Problems: An Attempt for Re-examination from Psychoanalytic Viewpoints OYA, Yasushi E. H. Erikson s concept of identity is nowadays seldom referred to in psychoanalytic literature and seems to be left without stable position within psychoanalytic theory (Wallerstein 1998). The author attempted to re-examine the problems and possibilities of this concept, focusing on its relationship to the stream of phenomenological ego-psychology from Victor Tausk to Paul Federn. As a result, the author pointed out this concept s problem concerning the relationship between ego as a function and ego as an object of consciousness, and the confusion accompanying the overlap of multiple levels of psychological development or personality organization. The implications of phenomenological stance of Erikson and its relationship to mainstream psychoanalytic theory were also discussed. Key words: E. H. Erikson, personal identity, ego identity, Victor Tausk, Paul Federn, phenomenological, ego-feeling, sense of self, levels of personality organization, personality disorders E H
2 E. H E.H. Kernberg 2006 Wallerstein 1998 Wallerstein 1998
3 19 Tausk Jacobson 1964, p. x Friedman 1999, p. 79 M.
4 p Roazen 1969, Roazen 1969
5 21 Andreas-Salome 1964, pp ; Roazen 1969 Roazen 1969 Friedman 1999 Erikson 1968
6 Ich-Gefühl cf Weiss P.F Ich- Gefühl ego-feeling 1985b Federn 1953, p.286 Ich-Gefühl sense of self Bonomi 2010 Ich-Gefühl the feeling of myself
7 oneself Federn 1953, p a, b 1920
8 p.69 das Gefühl unseres eigenen Ichs Ichgefühl Standard Edition Strachey 1961, p
9 25 cf. Roazen 1975, Weiss 1966 Roazen 1969, 1975 Roazen 1975 ex. Erikson 1968, Weiss 1953, 1966 Roazen 1975, Erikson 1968 Weiss Weiss 1966, p
10 Erikson 1968, p. 9 Habe Ich mich verstanden? 1969 Freud 1926 cf. Friedman Friedman 1999
11 pp. 8 9 Goy Wallerstein 2014
12 Friedman 1999 p. 19 p Person Ich Ich 1927
13 29 Friedman 1999 p
14 TAT Rosenfeld 1987
15 31 ex. Erikson 1950 intrapsychic Friedman 1999 Friedman 1999, p. 150
16 cf. Kernberg 2006 cf. Erikson 1959, p. 112 Erikson 1968
17 33 Friedman 1999 ex. Erikson 1959, 1968, 1987 Erikson 1968 p. 50 p. 50 whole self genital primacy cf. Kernberg 1976, p. 18
18 Kernberg 1950 Kernberg 2006
19 35 Kernberg synthetic integrated E. H. Wallerstein 1998
20 Abend S. M. (1974) Problems of identity: Theoretical and clinical applications. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 43(4): Andreas-Salome, L. (1964) The Freud Journal. Basic Books. Bonomi, C. (2010) Narcissism as mastered visibility: The evil eye and the attack of the disembodied gaze. International Forum of Psychoanalysis, 19: Brockman, D.D. (2003) From Late Adolescence to Young Adulthood. International Universities Press. Erikson, E.H. (1950) Childhood and Society. Norton Erikson, E.H. (1959) Identity and the Life Cycle. International Universities Press Erikson, E.H. (1968) Identity: Youth and Crisis. Norton, Paperback edition Erikson, E.H. (1987) A Way of Looking at Things: Selected Papers of Erik H. Erikson. Norton. Federn, P. (1926) Some variations in ego feeling. In: Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. Basic Books Federn, P. (1927) Narcissism in the structure of the ego. In: Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. Basic Books Federn, P. (1929a) On the distinction between healthy and pathological narcissism. In: Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. Basic Books Federn, P. (1929b) The ego as subject and object in narcissism. In: Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. Basic Books Federn, P. (1943) Psychoanalysis of psychoses. In: Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. Basic Books Federn, P. (1953) Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. Basic Books. Freud, S. (1930) Address to the Society of B nai B rith. Standard Edition XX, Freud, S. (1930) Civilization and its discontents. Standard Edition XXI, Friedman, L.J. (1998) Erik Erikson s critical themes and voices: The task of synthesis. In: Wallerstein & Goldberg (ed.). Ideas and Identities: The Life and Work of Erik Erikson. International Universities Press. Friedman L.J. (1999) Identity s Architect: A Biography of Erik H. Erikson. Scribner Grinberg, L. & Grinberg, R. (1974a) Pathological aspects of identity in adolescence. Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 10: Grinberg, L. & Grinberg, R. (1974b) The problem of identity and the psychoanalytical process. International Review of Psycho-Analysis, 1: Jacobson, E. (1964) The Self and the Object World. International Universities Press Kernberg, O.F. (2006) Identity: Recent findings and clinical implications. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 75: Lunbeck, E. (2014) The Americanization of Narcissism. Harvard University Press. 1985a 1985b
21 37 Rapaport, D. (1959) A historical survey of psychoanalytic ego psychology. In: Erikson E.H. Identity and the Life Cycle. International Universities Press Roazen, P. (1968) Brother Animal: The Story of Freud and Tausk. Alfred Knopf Inc Roazen, P. (1969) Victor Tausk s contribution to psychoanalysis. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 38: Roazen, P. (1975) Freud and His Followers. Alfred Knopf Inc Rosenfeld, H. (1987) Impasse and Interpretation. Tavistock. / 2001 Strachey, J. (1961) Editor s introduction to The ego and the id. In: Standard Edition XIX, Tausk, V. (1919/1933) On the origin of the influencing machine in schizophrenia. Psychoanalytic Quarterly, 2: Wallerstein, R.S. (1996) The life and work of Erik Erikson. Psychoanalytic Contemporary Thought, 19: Wallerstein, R.S. (1998) Erikson s concept of ego identity reconsidered. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 46(1): Wallerstein R.S. (2014) Erik Erikson and his problematic identity. Journal of American Psychoanalytic Association, 62(4): Weiss, E. (1953) Introduction. In: Federn, P. Ego Psychology and the Psychoses. Basic Books Weiss, E. (1966) Paul Federn: The theory of the psychosis. In: Alexander, Eisenstein & Grotjahn (eds.) Psychoanalytic Pioneers. Basic Books
Jap. J. of Educ. Psychol., 1985, 33, 295 \306 A STUDY ON EGO IDENTITY IN MIDDLE AGE Yuko OKAMOTO The purposes of this study were to clarify the charac
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