研究レポート表紙.PDF

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1 No.109 June2001

3 ,000 1 III.

4 IV. V. 2003

6 I

7 LNG No.80 May ,000 50W AB 3

8 25 ISO Independent System Operator 4

9 5

11 lnc= ylny+1/2 yy (lny) 2 + K lnp K + L lnp L + E lnp E +1/2lnP K KKlnP K KLlnP L KElnP E +1/2lnP L KLlnP K LLlnP L LElnP E +1/2lnP E KElnP K LElnP L EElnP E +1/2lnY YK lnp K YLlnP L YE lnp E Y C P K P L P E K L E SCEScale of Economy Economies of Scale in U.S. Electric Power Generation Laurits R. Christensen and William H. Green, Univ. of Wisconsin, Journal of Political Economy, 1976, vol.84, no.4, pt 1, pp SCE lnc lny Y + YY lny Yi lnp ikle SCE SCE 4 7

12 8 0

14 10

15 y = x R 2 = y = x R 2 = y = x R 2 = x

16 MW 100MW 10 2GWh 10 GWh 7,500MW 400MW 10,701GWh 60Hz 50Hz 626GWh MW 5,309GWh 500MW 6,051GWh 200MW 11,095GWh MW 200MW 200MW 12

17 GWh 10 MW ,200MW MW 1,200MW 57,846MW ,769MW GWh 274,226GWh ,028GWh

18 14 IPP LNG LNG LNG

19 IV. 11 NIMBY Not In My Back Yard 3 BTU MWh PG&E SCE PG&E

20 40 PG&E PG&E SCE N ,884MW ,784MW MW IPP PG&E NIMBY Power Marketers 16

21 17

22 12 A BC 12 A 5 MW B 10 MW C 15 MW C 0.4MW A 0.6MW B 0.6MW 0.6MW 50.6MW MW

23 19 FlowgateC 15 /MW FlowgateB 10 /MW FlowgateA 5 /MW APX 13 GDP

24 GDP 14 20

25 21 NTT 15

26 22 NTT

30 Independent System Operator 26

31 PHS ESCO ,545 48,548 27

32 21 16 NRC PECO PPS IPP ISOIndependent System Operator 28

33 kwh kwh ,

34 , , , kwh kwh 5 2,

36 EU EU PJM WTO ,000 50W AB 32

37 24 3 6,

38 A 34

39 35

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41 37

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43 NTT 2000 NTT 1996 OECD Q&A 2000 Q&A 39

44 NIRA No Allen, Eric and Majija Llic 1999 Price-Based Commitment Decisions in the Electricity market Springer Banks, Ferdinand E Energy Economics : A Modern Introduction Kluwer Academic Publishers Bergman, Lar et al A Euopean Market for Electricity? Center for Economic Policy Research, London UK Bolland, Eric J. and Charles W Hofer 1998 Future Firms Oxford University Press Brown, Stephen J. and David S. Sibley 1986 The Theory of Public Utility Pricing Chambers, Ann 1999 Merchant Power PennWell Chambers, Ann 1999 Power Primer PennWell Chambers, Ann 1998 Power Brading PennWell Christensen, Peter C Retail Wheeling PennWell Einhorn, Michael A From Regulation to Competition : New Frontiers in Electricity Markets Kluwer Academic Publishers Ernest, John 1994 Whose Utility? The social impact of public utility privatization and regulation in Britain Open University Press Errera, Steven and Stewart L. Brown 1999 Trading Energy Futures & Options PennWell Ferrey, Steven 2000 The New Rules, A Guide to Electric Market Regulation PennWell Forsund, Finn R. and Lennart Hjalmarsson, 1987 Analyses of Industrial Structure, A Putty-Clay Approach The Industrial Institute for Economic and Social Research 40

45 Foster, C.D Privatization, Public Ownership and the Regulation of Natural monopoly BlackWell Gellings, Clark W Effective Power marketing PennWell Gellings, Clark W utility Marketing Strategies: Competition and the Economy The Fairmont Press Helm, Dieter and Tim Jenkinson 1998 Competition in Regulated Industries Oxford University Press Hirsh, Richard F Power Loss, The Origins of Deregulation and Restructuring in the American Electric Utility System The MIT Press Joskow, Paul L. and Richard Schmalensee 1983 Markets for Power : An Analysis of Electric Utility Deregulation The MIT Press Midttun, Atle 1997 European Electricity System in Transition Elsevier OECD IEA 1999 Electricity Market Reform, An IEA Handbook OECD IEA Oren, Shmuel S. and Stephen A. Smith 1993 Service Opportunities for Electric Utilities: Creating Differentiated Products Kluwer Academic Publishers Patterson, Walt 1999 Transforming Electricity The Royal Institute of International Affairs Pollitt. Michael G Ownership and Performance in Electric Utilities, The International Evidence on Privatization and Efficiency Oxford University Press for the Oxford Institute for Energy Studies Roberts, Jane, David Elliott and Trevor Houghton 1991 Privatising Electricity, The Politics of Power Belhaven Press Schrock, Derek W Load Shape Development PennWell Studebaker, Joha M Utility Negotiating Strategies for End-Users PennWell Surrey, John 1997 The British Electricity Experiment, Privatization ; The record, The issues, The lessons Earthscan Publications Ltd, London Treat, John Elting 2000 Energy Futures, Trading Opportunities 3 rd Edition, PennWell Waterson, Michael 1988 Regulation of the Firm and Natural Monopoly Basil Blackwell URL

46 DOE(Department of Energy, US) Other Agencies California Power Exchange Government/Regulatory Agencies State of California California Energy Commission California Public Utilities Commission California Electricity Oversight Board Federal Energy Regulatory Commission California Governor Gray Davis California Air Resources Board Investor Owned Utilities Pacific Gas & Electric San Diego Gas & Electric Southern California Edison Electric Industry Links Automated Power Exchange, Inc. 42

47 Bonneville Power Administration California Polar Power Brokers Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) North American Electric Reliability Council (NERC) Northern California Power Agency tsin.com OASIS Nodes in the WSCC (tsin) Western States Coordinating Council (WSCC) Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) Midwest ISO ISO New England PJM Interconnection New York ISO Power Marketing Association Online Electric Industry Restructuring Smithsonian Institution: Powering a Generation of Change C.H. Guernsey & Company's Electric Restructuring Links Status of State Electric Industry Restructuring Activity Energy Education Energy Quest (California Department of Energy) University of California Energy Institute California Energy Maps (California Energy Commission) 43

NOPR 1978 IPPIndependent Power Producer NOPR IPP PUCPublic Utility Commissions FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commiss

1978 12 IPP ISO 1996 RTO 34 1978 1988 NOPR 1978 IPPIndependent Power Producer 1988 1978 1988 NOPR IPP 1990 10 PUCPublic Utility Commissions FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission 2001 1970 5 1 1978