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1 Kanehara Atsuko 7 CS 1982 LOSC CS OCS 1958 CSC LOSC 200 CS CSC 200 CS LOSC OCS CS 3 6 CS 200 CS OCS 8 OCS OCS OCS 3 CS OCS CS 76 OCS LOSC 1 CS 1 LOSC LOSC CSC CS No

2 2 ICJ CS CSC1 3 3 ICJ CS ipso facto and ab initio 4 5 ICJ CSC2 inherent right 6 2 CS CS LOSC LOSC CS LOSC OCS CS OCS LOSC OCS 7 OCS LOSC CS 8 LOSC OCS CS CS LOSC OCS LOSC 9 OCS LOSC CS OCS OCS CS LOSC 3 OCS 200 CS LOSC OCS LOSC LOSC No

3 OCSOCS OCS OCS CS LOSC OCS 76 8 OCS on the basis of taking into account 10 OCS OCS 3 OCS 11 OCS 76 8 LOSC77 3 CS OCS OCS 12 OCS OCS OCS LOSC OCS LOSC15 OCS OCS 3 LOSC15 OCS 14 OCS No

4 76 8 OCS OCS 15 4 OCS OCS LOSC sui generis OCS LOSC LOSC 200 CS OCS OCS LOSC CS OCSOCS OCS OCS OCS LOSC LOSC OCS OCS OCS 77 3 OCS OCS CSC LOSC CS LOSC 76 OCS 76 OCS OCS No

5 OCS 76 2 OCS 76 1 OCS CS oceanic ridge a i ii b OCS b OCS 400 OCS LOSC 76 OCS 21 2 LOSC ICJ CSLOSC geological LOSC76 geomorphological No

6 LOSC76 consider 3 1 a 76 LOSC LOSC OCS OCS OCS b b general rule exception 28 LOSC b No

7 ICJ 30 LOSC76 4 b 3 OCS 1 OCS CS 45 competence OCS 32 OCS LOSC121 CS 1 OCS OCS OCS CS A B OCS OCS 200 CS CS CS 200 CS No

8 CS OCS OCS OCS OCS OCS OCS OCS CS OCS 34 2 OCS OCS OCS PCIJ ICJ 36 OCS LOSC LOSC OCS CS LOSC No

9 OCS SA ICJ Reports 1969, p. 22, para ICJ Reports 1951, pp S. N. Nandan & Shabtai Rosenne, United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1982: A Commentary hereinafter referred to as Commentary, Dordrecht/ Boston/ London, 1998, p Ibid., pp , Ibid., p. 834; T. Treves, La limité extérieure du plateau continental: évolution récente de la pratique, 35 Annuaire française de droit international, 1989, pp LOSC76 1 ibid., p Commentary, pp. 870, 873; UNCLOS III Official Records, Vol. VIII, 1981, p. 102 Canada ; ibid., p. 25 United Kingdom ; ibid., p. 30 France ; p. 33 Australia ; Brown, Sea-Bed Energy and Minerals: The International Legal Regime, Vol. 1, The Continental Shelf, Dordrecht/ Boston/ London, 1992, p. 32; T. L. McDorman, The Role of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf A Technical Body in a Political World, 17 The International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 2002, p A. G. Oude Elfrink, Submissions of Coastal States to the CLCS in Cases of Unresolved Land or Maritime Disputes, in M. H. Nordiquist, J. N. Moore & T. H. Heidar eds., Legal and Scientific Aspects of Continental Shelf Limits hereinafter referred to as Legal Aspects, Leiden/Boston, 2004, pp ibid., p LOSC OCS G. Eriksoon, The Case of Disagreement Between a Coastal State and the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, in Legal Aspects, pp OCS Oude Elferink, op. cit., n. 11, p. 275; The 2nd Report of the Commission on the Legal Issues of the Outer Continental Shelf hereinafter referred to as ILA Report, Report of the 72nd Conference, International Law Association Toronto, 2006, pp OCS McDorman, op. cit., n. 10, p ibid., p LOSC OCS ibid., p. 313; Treves, op. cit., n. 9, pp ILA Report, pp McDorman, op. cit., n. 10, pp LOSC Commentary, p. 850; No

10 Brown, op. cit., n. 10, p McDorman, op. cit., n. 10, pp Treves, op. cit., n. 9, p ICJ geography J. I. Charney, International Maritime Boundaries for the Continental Shelf: The Relevance of Natural Prolongation, in N. Ando & R. Wolfrum, eds., Liber Amicorum Judge Shigeru Oda, Vol. 2, p et seq ILA Report, pp geomorphological S. Th. Gudlaugsson, Natural Prolongation and the Concept of the Continental Margin for the Purpose of Article 76, in Legal Aspects, p. 61 et seq. R. T. Haworth, Determination of the Foot of the Continental Slope by Means of Evidence to the Contrary to the General Rule, in ibid., p. 121 et seq. H. Brekke and Ph. A. Symonds, The Ridge Provisions of Article 76 of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, p. 169 et seq ; Haworth, op. cit., n. 19, pp OCS 76 4 a i Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, UN Documents CLCS/11, 13 May, Haworth, op. cit., n. 19, p. 129 et seq. 25 L. D. M. Nelson, The Continental Shelf: Interplay of Law and Science, in op. cit., n. 18, p LOSC Nelson, ibid., p Eriksoon, op. cit., n. 12, pp Gudlaugsson, op. cit., n. 19, pp , paras , , para Op. cit., n. 5, pp Oude Elferink, op. cit, n United Nations CLCS LOS/JPN. 33 ILA Report, pp Oude Elferink, op. cit., n. 11, pp International Legal Materials, 1992, p No

11 1992 R. R. Churchill & A. V. Lowe, The Law of the Sea, 3rd ed., Manchester, D. P. O Connell ed. by I. A. Shearer, The International Law of the Sea, Oxford, Vol. 1, 1982, Vol. 2, kanehara@rikkyo.ac.jp No

19 territorial sea high sea United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea United Nations Treaty Series, Volume1833, p

19 territorial sea high sea United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea United Nations Treaty Series, Volume1833, p 19 territorial sea high sea 20 198230 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea 1 19941116 United Nations Treaty Series, Volume1833, p.397. 199620 12 20 309 42 2005. 74 83 continental shelf 200 2