Bacterial Contamination of Fresh Vegetables and Epidemiological Investigation of the Isolates Noriko KONISHI*1, Akemi KAI*l, Shigeru MATSUSHITA*1, Yay
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1 Bacterial Contamination of Fresh Vegetables and Epidemiological Investigation of the Isolates Noriko KONISHI*1, Akemi KAI*l, Shigeru MATSUSHITA*1, Yayoi NoGum', Yumi TAKAHASHI*1, Kyoko SEKIGUCHI*1, Teruyoshi ARAI', Satoshi MoRozuMI*l and Yataro KOKUBO*2 (*1 The Tokyo Metropolitan Research Laboratory of Public Health, , Hyakunin-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo ) (*2Japan Food Hygiene Association, 2-6-1, Jingumae, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo ) Fresh vegetables were examined for bacterial contamination by standard plate count (SPC), Escherichia coli, enterohaemorrhagic E. coli O157 and Salmonella between August and November, A total of 299 vegetable samples including 37 white radishes, 29 carrots, 28 cabbages, 28 Japanese leeks, 32 lettuces, 29 cucumbers, 40 tomatoes, 28 onions, 32 white radish sprouts, 13 alfalfa sprouts, 1 salad lettuce, 1 spinach, and 1 bean sprout were got at some markets. The SPC of the vegetables were widely distributed from <10 to 108 cfu/g. In Particular, the SPC of alfalfa and white radish sprouts were high at 107 cfu/g. Although E. coli was detected in a Japanese leek, enterohemorrhagic E. coli O157 was negative for all samples. Salmonella O13, serotype Cubana was detected in one sample of alfalfa sprouts. Salmonella O13, serotype Cubana isolates of alfalfa sprouts were compared with 2 isolates of human carrier that were isolated during the same period in Tokyo. Antibiotic resistance patterns, plasmid profile and PFGE pattern after digestion with restriction enzyme Xbal and SpeI were studied for epidemiological makers, but no significant relationship was found. Key words: Bacterial contamination, Fresh vegetables, Alfalfa sprouts, Salmonella
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3 Table 1. Bacterial contamination of fresh vegetables Table 2. "Alfalfa sprouts" contaminated with S. Cubana
4 12 日 食 微 誌 Vol. 18 No Fig. 1. Fig. 2. PFGE patterns of S. Cubana 1 2:isolates from healthy 3 7:isolates from alfalfa The isolates isolation after of S. Cubana digestion with isolated restriction in Tokyo enzyme XbaI and SpeI persons sprouts M1:molecular size marker(lamb4a) M2;molecular size marker(s. cerevisiae) 入 さ れ,11日 に検 査 さ れ る まで 冷 蔵 保 存 され て い た も 発 症 す る とは限 らな い.し か し室 温 で の長 時 間放 置 や他 の で あ る.同 一 ロ ッ ト品 を 含 め た ア ル フ ァ ル フ ァの サ ル の 食 品 を二 次 汚 染 した場 合 に は食 中毒 に つ な が る危 険 性 モ ネ ラ汚 染 菌 数 はMPN法 ら73個 で100g当 と 非 常 に 少 な い た め,こ た り30個 以下か れ を 喫 食 して も 直 ち に の 大 きい こ とが 示 唆 され た. 近 県 で も,9月 に ア ル フ ァル フ ァか ら同血 清型 の サ ル
5 Table 3. Epidemiological analysis of S. Cubana isolated in Tokyo, 1998
6 3) Taormina, P. J., Beuchat, L. R. and Slutsker, L.: Infections Associated with Eating Seed Sprouts: An International Concern. EID, 5, (1999). 4) Beuchat, L. R.: Pathogenic Microorganisms Associated with Fresh Produce. J. Food Prot., 59, (1995). 7) National Commitee for Clinical Laboratory Standards: Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Disk Susceptibility Tests, 5th ed., Approved Standard, Vol. 13, No. 24. NCCLS, Villanova (1993). 8) Kado, C. I. and Liu, S. T.: J. Bacteriol., 145, (1958). 10) Puohiniemi, R., Heiskanen, T. and Siitonen, A.: Molecular Epidemiology of Two International Sprout- Borne Salmonella Outbreaks. J. Clin. Microbiol., 35, (1997). 11) Ponka, A., Andersson, Y., Siitonen, A., Jomg, B., Jahkola, M., Haikala, O., Kuhmonen, A. and Pakkala, P.: Salmonella in alfalfa sprouts. The Lancet., 345, (1995). 12) Mahon, B. E., Ponka, A., Hall, W. N., Komatsu, K., Dietrich, S, E., Siitonen, A., Cage, G., Hayes, P. S., Lambert-Fair, M. A., Bean, N. H., Griffin, P. M. and Slutsker, L.: An International Outbreak of Salmonella Infections Caused by Alfalfa Sprouts Grown from Contaminated Seeds. J. Infect. Dis., 175, (1997). 13) Beuchat, L. R: Comparison of chemical treatments to kill Salmonella on alfalfa seeds destined for sprout production. Int. J. Food. Microbiol., 34, (1997). 14) Kaneko, K., Hayashidasni, H., Ohtomo, Y., Kosuge, J., Kato, M., Takahashi, K., Shiraki, Y. and Ogawa, M.: Bacterial Contamination of Ready-to-Eat Foods and Fresh Products in Retail Shops and Food Factories. J. Food. Prot., 62, (1999). 15) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Outbreaks of Escherichia coli O157: H7 Infection Associated with Eating Alfalfa Sprouts-Michigan and Virginia, June-July MMWR, 46, (1997).
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