1 Cole, 1996 Biglan, 1995 Azuma, 1994
internalization enculturation 1996 Matsumoto, 2000 Stigler & Perry, 1988 1996 subjective culture objective culture
2 etic emic Hofstede, 2001 Jahoda, 1986 Cole, 1996 Hofstede 1980, 2001 50 7 Hofstede, 2001
Hofstede Inglehart & Klingemann, 2000 3 3 1 Matsumoto, 2000 Triandis 1989 3
Twenty Statements Task TST ; Kuhn & McPartland, 1954 20 A 20 2003 20 Triandis, 1989 3 2 Kitayama & Markus 1991 2 Figure 1
Figure 1 A B X Kitayama & Markus, 1991 Figure 1 Kitayama, 2000 Kitayama & Mityamoto, 2000 3 3 I Kashima & Kashima, 1999 Matsu-
moto, 2000 Ishii, Reyes & Kitayama, 2003 Morris &Peng, 1994 fundamental attribution error 3 4 Deci & Ryan, 2000 Iyengar & Lepper 1999
Heine, Kitayama, Lehman, Takata & Ide 2001 Figure 2 Figure 2 Heine, Kitayama, Lehman, Takata & Ide, 1999
Azuma, 1994 Heine, Lehman, Markus & Kitayama, 1999 Lewis, 1995 3 5 Diener & Suh, 2000 Rosenberg, 1965 Lewis, 1995 Diener & Diener, 1995
Kwan, Bond & Singelis 1997 Uchida & Kitayama 2000 Kitayama, Markus & Kurokawa 2000 Figure 3 4 Figure 3 4 Kitayama, Markus & Kurokawa, 2000
4 4 1 sympathy Kitayama & Markus, 1999 2001 Uchida & Kitayama, 2000 4 2 Kitayama & Markus 1999 self-improvement 1998
Table 1 Chronbach s α.80 1 2 3 4 5 6 0.73 0.59 0.60** 0.66 0.46 0.53** 0.65 0.50 0.64** 0.54 0.32 0.48** 0.53 0.34 0.37** 0.52 0.44 0.64** 7 0.76 0.59 0.46** 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 R 16 R 17 R 0.64 0.53 0.64** 0.60 0.37 0.40** 0.54 0.40 0.55** 0.52 0.30 0.40** 2.61 2.24 1.53 1.06 0.78 0.69 0.40** 0.70 0.62 0.52** 0.53 0.35 0.48** 0.59 0.36 0.35** 0.57 0.34 0.34** 0.43 0.31 0.50** 15.34 13.15 9.00 6.25 43.75 R **p.01
45 194 5 4 1 2 3 4 Table 1
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