1.Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes JC-1,S.aureus Smith,methicillin (DMPPC)- susceptible S. aureus subsp. aureus (MSSA) TR101, DMPPC-resistant S. aureus subsp. aureus (MRSA) TR102, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC12228, S. epidermidis TR151, Staphylococcus haemolyticus TR105, Staphylococcus saprophyticus ATCC153057 Streptococcus pyogenes Cook, Streptococcus agalactiae TR31, Streptococcus pneumoniae biogroup I TR501, S.

Table 2. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus pneumoniae a) Medium: sensitivity test agar (Nissui) and brain-heart infusion agar (Difco) supplemented with 7% horse blood. Inoculation: 37 t, 20 hours Inoculum size: 106 CFU/mL b) Staphylococcus epidermidis 10 strains, Staphylococcus haemolyticus 5 strains, Staphylococcus warneri 5 strains, Staphylococcus simulans 5 strains c) benzylpenicillin (PCG)-susceptible S. pneumoniae 18 strains, PCG-intermediate or resistant S. pneumoniae 7 strains

Table 5. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Enterococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp., Peptostreptococcus spp. and Propionibacterium acnes a) Medium : sensitivity test agar (Nissui) and brain-heart infusion agar (Difco) supplemented with horse blood, and modified GAM agar (Nissui) supplemented with horse blood. Inoculation : b) Enterococcus faecalis 15 strains, Enterococcus faecium 5 strains, Enterococcus avium 5 strains c) Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 5 strains, Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis 5 strains, Corynebacterium xerosis 5 strains, Corynebacterium equi 3 strains, Corynebacterium jeikeium 7 strains d) Peptostreptococcus anaerobius 5 strains, Peptostreptococcus asaccharolyticus 5 strains, Peptostreptococcus magnus 5 strains, Peptostreptococcus micros 5 strains, Peptostreptococcus prevotii 5 strains Table 6. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella subgenus Branhamella catarrhalis a) Medium : brain-heart infusion agar (Difco) supplemented with enrichment. Inoculation : Inoculum size : 106 CFU/mL lactamase 9 producing strains

Table 7. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter spp. and Serratia marcescens a) Medium : sensitivity test agar (Nissui) Inoculation : 37 Ž, 20hours Inoculum size : 106 CFU/mL b) Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. pneumoniae 20 strains, Klebsiella oxytoca 10 strains c) Enterobacter aerogenes 10 strains, Enterobacter cloacae 20 strains Table 8. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Proteus spp., Morganella morganii subsp. morganii and Providencia spp. a) Medium : sensitivity test agar (Nissui) Inoculation : 37 Ž, 20 hours Inoculum size : 106 CFU/mL b) Proteus mirabilis 4 strains, Proteus vulgaris 10 strains c) Providencia stuartii 4 strains, Providencia rettgeri 10 strains

Table 9. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetohacter spp., Alcaligenes spp. and Chryseobacterium spp. a) Medium : sensitivity test anar (Nissui) Inoculation : Inoculum size : 106 CFU/mL b) Acinetobacter baumannii 10 strains, Acinetobacter lwoffii 10 strains, Acinetobacter junii 5 strains c) Alcaligenes faecalis 10 strains, Alcaligenes xylosoxidans subsp. xylosoxidans 10 strains d) Chryseobacterium meningosepticum 10 strains, Chryseobacterium indologenes 15 strains Table 10. Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Bacteroides fragilis group and Prevotella spp. a) Medium : modified GAM agar (Nissui) supplemented with Inoculation : Inoculum size : 108 CFU/mL b) Bacteroides fragilis 10 strains, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron 10 strains, Bacteroides ovatus 5 strains c) Prevotella bivia 10 strains, Prevotella intermedia 5 strains, Prevotella melaninogenica 5 strains, Prevotella oralis 5 strains

Fig. I. Correlation of MICs of gatifloxacin and levofloxacin against methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (25 strains). Fig. 2. Correlation of MICs of gatifloxacin and clarithromycin against Streptococcus pneumoniae (25 strains). Fig. 3. Correlation of MICs of gatifloxacin and levofloxacin against quinolones-resistant Escherichia coli (20 strains).

4) Hosaka M, Yasue T, Fukuda H, et al.: In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of AM- 1155, a new 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36: 2108 2117, 1992 ` 5) Wakabayashi E, Mitsuhashi S: In vitro antibacterial activity of AM-1155, a novel 6-fluoro-8-methoxy quinolone. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 38: 594 `601, 1994 6) Hosaka M, Kinoshita S, Toyama A, et al.: Antibacterial properties of AM-1155, a new 8-methoxy quinolone. J Antimicrob Chemother 36: 293 `301, 1995 7) Ishida K, Kaku M, Irifune K, et al.: In-vitro and in-vivo activity of a new quinolone AM-1155 against Mycoplasma pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 34: 875-883, 1994 8) Tomioka H, Saito H, Sato K: Comparative Antimycobacterial Activities of the Newly Synthesized Quinolone AM-1155, Sparfloxacin, and Ofloxacin. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 37: 1259 `1263, 1993

Antimicrobial activities of gatifloxacin against clinical isolates Yoshihiro Matsumoto,Chisato Nishinari and Yutaka Nakane Clinical Laboratory,The Second Department,Tokyo Clinical Research Center (Department of Microbiology) 14-4 Senjunakamachi,Adachi-ku,Tokyo120-0036,Japan Koichi Deguchi,Yumiko Suzuki,Rika Ishihara, Yukiko Ishii and Arisa Nakazawa Section of Studies,Tokyo Clinical Research Center Torao Fukumoto Adachi-ku Doctors Association In order to evaluate the antibacterial spectrum and antimicrobial activity of gatifloxacin (GFLX), minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of GFLX and control drugs were determined against standard strains and clinical isolates that were obtained by our laboratory in 1995. Results are summarized as follows: 1.Antimicrobial activity of GFLX against Streptococcus spp.(including Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes) and Peptostreptococcus spp.was equal to or stronger than that of tosufloxacin (TFLX),and was stronger than that of levofloxacin (LVFX) and ciprofloxacin (CPFX). 2.Antimicrobial activity of GFLX against the Bacteroides fragilis group and Prevotella spp.was clearly stronger than that of TFLX,LVFX and CPFX. 3.The results of antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus spp.,enterococcus spp.and quinolonesresistant Enterobacteriaceae suggest that GFLX shows strong antimicrobial activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant strains. 4.Antimicrobial activity of GFLX against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was approximately equal to that of other fluoroquinolones,and its antimicrobial activity against other glucose-nonfermentative Gram-negative rods was strong.