1. 2006 2 6 1980 90 2. 3. 10 4. FDIC 5 5. FDIC NY Tel 03-3201-0557 E-Mail takashi.enbutsu@mizuho-ri.co.jp atsushi.niigata@mizuhocbus.com

3 4 4 6 9 14 14 17 27 30 31 34 34 35 37 38 38 39

2006 2 1 00 FDIC 6 1933 34 80 90 89 FIRREA 91 FDICIA 5 10 05 FIRREA FDICIA 3 05 3 3 5,000 2 3 4 1 2005 S.193206 2 8 109-171 H.R.46362 15 109-173

10 10 2 2 200 2 401(k) IRA 10 78 4 10 74 IRA 10 2 40 2 40 40 40 40 200

3 10 20 74 4 10 4 34 80 1 80 4 80 3 4 ABA 00 8 1,550 99 5 42 1,100

1 ( 万ドル ) 10 8 実質 付保限度額 6 名目 付保限度額 4 2 0 1934(A) (B) 50 66 69 74 80 2005 ( 年 ) 80 CPI 1934 A (B) FDIC 91 FDICIA 93 1 FDIC BIF SAIF 3 5 13 FDIC 3 6 AC 9 1A3C BIF SAIF 0.00 0.27 0.27 2 FDIC FDIC 0.23 5 3 6 5 2 A B 2 C

FDIC 0.23 0.31 0.08 2 BIF A B C 0.00% 0.03% 0.17% 0.03% 0.10% 0.24% 0.10% 0.24% 0.27% SAIF A B C 0.00% 0.03% 0.17% 0.03% 0.10% 0.24% 0.10% 0.24% 0.27% 06 05 FDIC, Quarterly Banking Profile BIF 95 8 0.04 0.31 FDIC 0.05 96 7 SAIF 97 1 BIF 1A 2005 BIF 94.6 SAIF 93.9% 1A 8 9,000 0.24 7 2,000 96 4 8 99 1A

0.27BIF 3 BIF 94 SAIF 9 3 3 100% 95% BIF 90% 85% 80% SAIF 75% 70% 1993 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 FDIC, Annual Report Quarterly Banking Profile 1 90 FDIC FDIC 3 9 FDIC 50 50 83 9 FDICIA 96 FDIC 9 84 FDIC

2 89 BIF SAIF FDIC 10 BIF 4 4 BIF SAIF 05 BIF SAIF BIF SAIF BIF SAIF 4,600 SAIF BIF 1,200 FDIC, Quarterly Banking Profile 2 SAIF 80 S L FSLIC 89 FIRREA FDIC BIF 89 FDIC FDIC FSLIC S L 97 1 BIF SAIF 5 11 10 FDIC FSLIC 11 BIF SAIF

5 BIF SAIF 05 12 FDIC, Quarterly Banking Profile BIF SAIF DRR 91 FDICIA FDIC 1.25 12 FDIC DRR 1.25 DRR DRR 91 FDICIA DRR 1 DRR 1 DRR 0.23 96 DRR 1A 13 2 DRR 1A DRR 1 0.23 12 89 FIRREA FDIC 1.25 FIRREA 1.50 1.25 80 1.251.10 1.40 13 DRR DRR 1A DRR

BIF SAIF 14 DRR BIF 6 FDICIA 91 BIF 40 70 0.36 FDIC 92 06 15 DRR 15 91 154 92 50 93 94 105 3 94 1.15 218 DRR 95 DRR 91 0.2 4 16 96 95 99 01 95 00 4.0 3.3 00 05 2.7 4.5 05 DRR 05 1.23 10 DRR 14 2 15 93 5 02 DRR 16 50 4 96 10 5,000

6 BIF ( 億ドル ) 150 100 50 純収入 保険料収入 運用益 ( 億ドル ) 500 DRR=1.25% 400 300 準備金残高 ( 左目盛 ) 準備率 ( 右目盛 ) (%) 2 1.6 1.2 0 200 0.8-50 -100 損失引当金 100 0.4-150 運営経費ほか 0 0-200 1989 91 93 95 97 99 2001 03 05 ( 年 ) -100-0.4 1989 91 93 95 97 99 2001 03 05 ( 年末 ) FDIC, Annual Report SAIF 7 89 SAIF FSLIC 17 SAIF S L 18 BIF DRR 95 SAIF 0.3 DRR 60 FICO 19 2019 7 8 SAIF FDICIA DRR 02 BIF SAIF SAIF FICO 20 17 FIRREA RTCFIRREA 3 92 8 FSLIC RTC SAIF 95 7 SAIF 18 FICO REFCORP RTC FDIC FSLIC SAIF REFCORP 90 92 GAO 1995 89 93 5 SAIF 84 64 19 87 FSLIC 87 89 30 20 BIF SAIF 96 99 1 SAIF BIF

7 SAIF ( 億ドル ) 60 ( 億ドル ) 150 DRR=1.25% 準備率 ( 右目盛 ) (%) 1.5 50 保険料収入 120 1.2 40 30 純収入 90 準備金残高 ( 左目盛 ) 0.9 20 運用益 60 0.6 10 30 0-10 損失引当金 運営経費ほか 0 1989 91 93 95 97 99 2001 03 05 ( 年 ) 0 1989 91 93 95 97 99 2001 03 05 ( 年末 ) 0.3 FDIC, Annual Report 96 SAIF 0.657 DRR FICO FDIC FICO SAIF DRR BIF 97 BIF 95 SAIF 96 00 4.9 2.5 00 05 6.3 4.1 05 1.29% BIF DRR

4 80 90 89 FIRREA 91 FDICIA 8 8 一般的な限度額退職金口座 公金預金等への例外限度額の見直しルール 付保預金の範囲 財源の確保 料率の設定 ( 可変料率 ) 基金の適正規模フリーライダーの防止 FDICIA

FDICIA FDICIA FDICIA 99 00 14 13 5 05 1,342 9 FDIC 21 80 1 90 05 52 70 10 9 10 ( 億ドル ) 1,600 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 0 FDICIA 成立 (91 年 12 月 ) -200 1984 86 88 90 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 ( 年 ) ( 銀行数 ) ( 億ドル ) 1,600 9,000 1,400 1,200 1,000 800 600 400 200 問題銀行数 ( 左目盛 ) 問題銀行の資産総額 ( 右目盛 ) 0 1990 92 94 96 98 2000 02 04 0 ( 年 ) 8,000 7,000 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 FDIC, Historical Statistics on Banking FDIC, Quarterly Banking Profile Quarterly Banking Profile 84 92 100 9 2,567 95 02 11 10 11 05 34 22 6 21 5 2 FDIC(1997) 80 94 2 27 22 FDIC FDIC 62 FDIC

( 件数 ) 60 50 40 30 20 10 11 預金保険発動件数 ( 左目盛 ) 推定損失額 ( 右目盛 ) ( 億ドル ) 8 6 4 2 0 0 1993 94 95 96 97 98 99 2000 01 02 03 04 05 ( 年 ) BIF SAIF 89 92 4 340 250 FDIC, Annual Report 98 02 FDIC 1 5 1299 FDICIA 23 12 96 BestBank 1998/7 2.3 2.3 97% First National Bank of Keystone 1999/9 11.2 6.5 58% Superior Bank, FSB 2001/7 17.7 4.4 25% Hamilton Bank, NA 2002/1 14.1 1.5 11% NextBank 2002/2 7.0 2.6 37% Connecticut Bank of Commerce 2002/6 3.8 0.5 14% Southern Pacific Bank 2003/2 11.0 0.9 8% 7 67.1 18.7 28 40 18.9 2.8 15 1996 2004 47 86.0 21.5 25 1996 FDIC 47 2 7 2003 04 FDIC FDIC, Historical Statistics on Banking, Annual Report 23 11 6.5 03 2000

FDICIA 00 3 FDIC FDIC 8 01 4 FDIC 2000 8 5 13 DRR 3

13 BIF SAIF DRR FDIC 2000 BIF SAIF S L 95 96 Oshinsky 1999b 93

Bloecher et al. (2003) 1A 12 14 14 Bloecher, Seale and Vilim(2003) 4 8 10bp 24 24 8 05 3 2 14bp 10bp

15 4 80 50 15 3 20 1 5 80 5 60 5 2 5 65 80 5 3 5 3 5 50 65 5 35 4 40 5 50 04 05 03 04 1 1/48 1/72 63% 78% 2 1/24 1/36% 33% 18% 3 1/12 1/18% 3% 3% 4 1/6 1/9% 1% 1% 0 3 5 04 05 Canada Deposit Insurance Corporation, Annual Report FDIC

9 1A 04 8 FDIC 1A 1A12 25 DRR 2 FDIC 00 2 1A 1 1A 1BFDIC 99 193 6 26 DRR 1A 9 1A 95 11 FDIC 4bp 96 FDIC DRR FDIC 4 5bp 25 Bloecher, Seale and Vilim(2003) 02 1A 1 4 2 6 26

BIF SAIF DRR 90 FDIC 27 96 1,300 3,000 28 FDIC 5 0.20 DRR FDIC 27 00 3 2 10 552 BIF 2bp 28 Adler 2006

DRR 91 FDICIA FDIC 0.4 0.5 05 3 2

1.25 1.25 1.25 80 70 1.2 80 90 1.25 29 FDICIA DRR DRR DRR DRR DRR DRR 0.23 30 29 Oshinsky(1999a) DRR DRR 0.23 BIF 90 30 03 2 26 FRB

16 FDIC 16 2,000 2,000 90 31,700 90 20,000 Demirguc-Kunt, Karacaovali and Laevan(2005) Garcia 2000 GDP 1 2 17 GDP 3

( 倍 ) 5 17 G7 2003 4 3 2 1 0 カナダフランスドイツイタリア日本英国米国 GDP 05 2 6 10 83 22 Demirguc-Kunt, Karacaovali and Laevan(2005) 18 18 ( 万ドル ) 25 CPI 基準 20 15 PCE 基準 10 5 0 1934(A) (B) 50 66 69 74 80 ( 年 ) 2,500 ト ル 5,000 ト ル 1 万ト ル 1.5 万ト ル 2 万ト ル 4 万ト ル 10 万ト ル 1934 A B PCECPI FDIC

FDIC 10 FDIC 01 4 FDIC 01 4 FDIC 5 19 FDIC

19 FDIC FDIC BIF SAIF FDIC (2001) DRR 1A 3 5 5 31 1A 20) 20 A 1A+ 1A 1A- B C 1A 1A 5 1A- FDIC (2001) 31

1.15 1.35 FDIC 03 4 FDIC FRB OCC FDIC OTS 03 21 21 FDIC FDIC 01 03 BIF SAIF 1.25 1.15 1.50 FDIC 96 44 96 1.50 FDIC 2001

FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC 22 22 FSR ABA ACB ICBA FDIC FRB OCC OTS (*)

FDIC OTS FRB OCC 03 ICBA ACB ICBA 13 26 200 FSR ABA FDIC FDIC 107 01-02 109 05-06 109 H.R.1185 13 2 26 13 80 200

109 05 7 25 2005 S.1562 23 23 109 03 PCE DRR H.R.1185 H.R.4241 05 11 S.1562 S.1932 05 11

FDIC 05 BIF DRR FDIC 05 11 06 06 BIF 06 2

FDIC 25 06 4 24 standard maximum deposit insurance amount 24 2010 4 5 PCE 1 1 5 FDIC 32 32 NCUA FDIC NCUA

4 5 6 1 1 FDIC 25 25 DRR DRR DRR 1.25% FDIC 1.15% 1.5 DRR 1 DRR 0.23 DRR FDIC FDIC

11 5 DRR FDIC 07 26 FDIC 26 (*) 1.25FDIC 1 1.25 15 1.25 1.15 5 1.35% 1.5% 1.35 1.5% 1.5 33 96 33 96 12 97 1 1 FDIC

01 10.5bp 47 FDIC 34 FDIC 91 FDIC DRR 11 5 FDIC 9 1A FDIC 35 FDIC FDIC 1bp 34 FDIC 08 10 3 90 1A 2A 35 01 10 17 03 3 4

2 BIF SAIF 06 7 1 DIF FDIC 27 27 GAO FDIC NCUA FDIC FDIC GAO FDIC GAONCUA 2

6 FDIC FDIC FDIC FDIC

2004 3 FDICIA 2000 4 2002 Adler, Joe, As Premiums Tab Nears, Who ll Pay?, American Banker, February 8, 2006 American Bankers Association, ABA Community Bankers Council Public Funds Advisory Group Overview and Findings, August 16, 2000 Blinder, Alan S., and Wescott, Robert F., Reform of Deposit Insurance: A Report to the FDIC, March 20, 2001 Bloecher, Eric P., Seale, Gary A., and Vilim, Robert D. Options for Pricing Federal Deposit Insurance, FDIC Banking Review, Vol.15, No. 4:1-17, 2003 Bradley, Christine M., A Historical Perspective on Deposit Insurance Coverage, FDIC Banking Review, Vol. 13, No. 2:1-25, 2000 CRS (Congressional Research Service), Deposit Insurance: The Bank Insurance Fund, RL31522, July 2002, Deposit Insurance: Proposals for Change, RL31580, September 2002, Deposit Insurance: Raising the Coverage Limit, RL31463, February 2003, Federal Deposit Insurance, EBFIN26, August 2004, Deposit Insurance: The Government s Role and its Implications for Funding, RL31552, December 2004, Bank and Thrift Deposit Insurance Premiums: The Record from 1934 to 2004, RS21719, January 2005, Federal Deposit and Share Insurance: Proposals for Change, RS20724, October 2005, Federal Deposit Insurance Reform Legislation (Including Budgetary Implications), RL33143, November 2005 Demilguc-Kunt, Asli, Karacaovali, Baybars, and Laevan, Luc, Deposit Insurance around the World: A Comprehensive Database, World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3628, June 2005 FDIC, The First Fifty Years, 1984, History of the Eighties: Lessons for the Future, 1997

, A Brief History of Deposit Insurance in the United States, September 1998, Options Paper, August 2000, Keeping the Promise: Recommendations for Deposit Insurance Reform, April 2001 Financial Stability Forum, Guidance for Developing Effective Deposit Insurance Systems, September 2001 2001 GAO (U.S. Government Accountability Office), Deposit Insurance Funds: Analysis of Insurance Premium Disparity Between Banks and Thrifts, GAO/AIMD-95-84, March 1995 Garcia, Gillian, Deposit Insurance and Crisis Management, IMF Working Paper WP/00/57, March 2000 Hanc, George, Deposit Insurance Reform: State of the Debate, FDIC, FDIC Banking Review, Vol. 12 No. 3:1-26, 1999 Martin, Antoine, A guide to deposit insurance reform, Federal Reserve Bank of Kansas City, Economic Review, First Quarter 2003 Oshinsky, Robert, Effects of Bank Consolidation on the Bank Insurance Fund, FDIC Working Paper 99-3, 1999 1999a, Merging the BIF and the SAIF: Would a Merger Improve the Fund s Viability?, FDIC Working Paper 99-4, 1999 1999b