Similar documents
Visual Evaluation of Polka-dot Patterns Yoojin LEE and Nobuko NARUSE * Granduate School of Bunka Women's University, and * Faculty of Fashion Science,

Rate of Oxidation of Liquid Iron by Pure Oxygen Shiro BAN-YA and Jae-Dong SHIM Synopsis: The rate of oxidation of liquid iron by oxygen gas has been s

474 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. /-, No.3,.1..2* (,**0) 24 Measurement of Deterioration of Frying Oil Using Electrical Properties Yoshio

Fig. 1 Flow diagram of experimental apparatus employed Fig. 2 Porosity change during sulfurization of reduced sample pellets

Table 1. Assumed performance of a water electrol ysis plant. Fig. 1. Structure of a proposed power generation system utilizing waste heat from factori

Effects of Light and Soil Moisture Condition on the Growth of Seedlings for Quercus serrata and Quercus variabilis NISHIMURA, Naoyuki*, OTA, Takeshi**

Studies of Foot Form for Footwear Design (Part 9) : Characteristics of the Foot Form of Young and Elder Women Based on their Sizes of Ball Joint Girth


320 Nippon Shokuhin Kagaku Kogaku Kaishi Vol. /., No.1, -,* -,/ (,**1) 8 * ** *** * ** *** E#ect of Superheated Steam Treatment on the Preservation an

Continuous Cooling Transformation Diagrams for Welding of Mn-Si Type 2H Steels. Harujiro Sekiguchi and Michio Inagaki Synopsis: The authors performed


橡

塗装深み感の要因解析

** Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90025, USA) Preparation of Magnetopulmbite Type Ferrite

The Effect of the Circumferential Temperature Change on the Change in the Strain Energy of Carbon Steel during the Rotatory Bending Fatigue Test by Ch

Study on Application of the cos a Method to Neutron Stress Measurement Toshihiko SASAKI*3 and Yukio HIROSE Department of Materials Science and Enginee


JAMSTEC Rep. Res. Dev., Volume 12, March 2011, 27 _ 35 1,2* Pb 210 Pb 214 Pb MCA 210 Pb MCA MCA 210 Pb 214 Pb * 2

Fig. 1 Sampling positions from the ingot. Table 2 Chemical compositions of base metal (%) Fig. 2 (unit: mm) Shape and size of fatigue test specimen. T

J. Jpn. Inst. Light Met. 65(6): (2015)

20 12,, 59 q r Fig.2 [3] Fig.3 1cm Fig.2 Schematic of experimental apparatus for measuring interfacial thermal resistance. Fig.3 Surface morphol

perature was about 2.5 Ž higher than that of the control irrespective of wind speed. With increasing wind speeds of more than 1m/s, the leaf temperatu

Table 1. Shape and smelting properties of chrome ores as delivered. Table 2. Chemical composition of chrome ores (%). Table 3. Chemical composition of

no15

Takio ICHITANI and Teruko HIGASHIKAWA: Germination of Aphanomyces iridis oospores on the basal medium for selective isolation with addition of bacteri

Fig. 1 Photography of exercise test by Arm Crank Ergometer. Fig. 2 Photography of exercise test by chair with caster. Arm Crank Ergometer Wheelchair T

<30315F985F95B65F90B490852E696E6464>

Natural Convection Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Porous Enclosure with High Porosity Yasuaki SHIINA*4, Kota ISHIKAWA and Makoto HISHIDA Nuclear Applie

Elmore & Pohlmann Greenwood & Ramagli a b c a b c


CHEMOTHERAPY APR Fig. 1 Chemical structure of cefotetan (CTT, YM09330)

1..FEM FEM 3. 4.

2 10 The Bulletin of Meiji University of Integrative Medicine 1,2 II 1 Web PubMed elbow pain baseball elbow little leaguer s elbow acupun

技術研究所　研究所報　No.80

スポーツ選手における日常的ﾄﾚｰﾆﾝｸﾞが味覚に及ぼす影響について


ec6

Modal Phrase MP because but 2 IP Inflection Phrase IP as long as if IP 3 VP Verb Phrase VP while before [ MP MP [ IP IP [ VP VP ]]] [ MP [ IP [ VP ]]]


日立金属技報　Vol.34

2 The Bulletin of Meiji University of Integrative Medicine 3, Yamashita 10 11


Time Variation of Earthquake Volume and Energy-Density with Special Reference to Tohnankai and Mikawa Earthquake Akira IKAMi and Kumizi IIDA Departmen

The Evaluation of LBB Behavior and Crack Opening Displacement on Statically Indeterminate Piping System Subjected to Monotonic Load The plastic collap


Accuracy check of grading of XCT Report Accuracy check of grading and calibration of CT value on the micro-focus XCT system Tetsuro Hirono Masahiro Ni




０８０１２９７，繊維学会ファイバ１１月号／報文－０１－青山

A Feasibility Study of Direct-Mapping-Type Parallel Processing Method to Solve Linear Equations in Load Flow Calculations Hiroaki Inayoshi, Non-member

○広島大学船員就業規則

A Nutritional Study of Anemia in Pregnancy Hematologic Characteristics in Pregnancy (Part 1) Keizo Shiraki, Fumiko Hisaoka Department of Nutrition, Sc

Fig. 1. Relation between fatigue crack propagation rate and stress intensity factor range. Fig. 2. Effect of stress ratio on fatigue crack opening rat

土木学会構造工学論文集(2011.3)

平常時火災における消火栓の放水能力に関する研究

Transcription:

Size Effect of Biomass on Carbonization Rate Treated in Superheated Steam Combined with Far Infrared Heating Akiko ISA Yoshio HAGURA and Kanichi Kit Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, 1-4-4, Kagamiyama, Higashi Hiroshima 739-8528, Japan Bamboo powder (particle size 0.2 mm) and three cube-shaped woods (1mm, 2mm and 3mm) were carbonized in the superheated steam (SHS) combined with far infrared heating (FIH), and the effect of sample size on carbonization rate was investigated. Carbonization temperature was adjusted at 270, 280, 290, and 300 Ž by regulating the SHS temperature at 180 Ž with the FIH temperatures at 375, 400, 425, and 450 Ž. Carbonization energies for the combined treatment were also compared with those for the carbonization treatment in SHS alone at 255, 265, 275, and 285 Ž. The generation rate of the SHS was the same for both carbonization treatments. The carbonization rate of each sample obeyed a first order reaction rate equation. Average values of the activation energy for the combined treatment of SHS with FIB and for the treatment in SHS alone were 137 kj/mol and 149 kj/mol, respectively. These values were almost the same as the activation energies for thermal decomposition of starch and cellulose under nitrogen gas. The relationship between the logarithmic values of the sample sizes and those of the carbonization rate constants was expressed as a linear curve at each carbonization temperature. Compared with the carbonization in the SHS alone, the combine treatment of SHS and FIB was much easier to make the carbonization apparatus in high carbonization temperature conditions with small additional heat. The higher the FIB temperature, the smaller the carbonization energy was obtained, because of shortening the carbonization time significantly. Keywords: superheated steam, far infrared heating, biomass, carbonization rate constant

94 Fig. 1 Arrhenius plot of the carbonization rate constant k treated in superheated steam(shs) alone (a) and in SHS combined with far infrared heating (FIH) (b). Tc : Carbonization temperature[k], Ÿ: Bamboo powder, : Wood 1 mm-cube, : Wood 2 mm-cube, Z: Wood 3 mm-cube. Table 1 Activation energy and frequency factor of carbonization for a bamboo powder and three wood samples with different sizes treated in superheated steam (SHS) and in SHS combined with far infrared heating (FIH).

Fig. 2 Relationship between the carbonization rate constant k and the sample size X in case of the superheated steam treatment(shs) (a) and the combined treatment of SHS with far infrared heating (FIH) (b). œ : SHS 255t, : SHS 265t, : SHS 275t, : SHS 285t, : SHS18Ot +FIH375t, : SHS180 Ž +FIH 400 Ž, : SHS18Ot +FIH 425t, ž: SHS18Ot +FIH45Ot. Table 2 The values of b and n at different carbonization temperatures treated in superheated steam(shs) and in SHS combined with far infrared heating (FIH).

Fig. 3 Relationship between the b value and the carbonization temperature. Ÿ: Treated in superheated steam (SHS) alone, : Treated in SHS combined with far infrared heating (FIH). Table 3 Heat flow, time and energy for carbonization by the superheated steam treatment (SHS) and the combined treatment of SHS with far infrared heating (FIH) (carbonization ratio=0.99).

Fig. 4 Relationship between the carbonization energy and far infrared heater' s temperature treated in superheated steam [7] P. Aggarwal, D. Dollimore, K. Heon ; Thermal Analysis Study of Two Biopolymers Starch and Cellulose, Journal of Thermal Analysis, 50, 7-17 (1997). combined with far infrared heating. Ÿ: Bamboo powder, : Wood 1 mm-cube, : Wood 2 mm-cube, : Wood 3 mm-cube.

[i] http://www.biomass-hq.jp/tech/4/99.pdf

2026 © docsplayer.net プライバシー | 利用規約 | フィードバック