1 Visible spectroscopy for student Spectrometer and optical spectrum http://www.sci.u-hyogo.ac.jp/material/photo phys/ishikawa/class/index.html 1 2 2 2 2.1................................................ 2 2.2............................................... 3 2.3......................................... 3 2.4.......................................... 5 2.5.............................................. 5 3 5 3.1........................................... 6 3.2........................................... 6 4 6 4.1.......................................... 6 4.2.............................................. 7 5 8 5.1......................................... 8 5.2....................................... 8 6 9 6.1....................................... 9 6.2................................ 9 7 10 7.1.......................................... 10 7.2.................................... 10 8 11 9 11
2 2. 1 1 λ E e (ν = c/λ) E = hν 2. 3. 4 4. 5. 6. 7. 2 spectroscopy 1 light source monochoromator photo detector laser 光源電源 分光器 1: 光検出器電圧計 2.1 1 X 1. 240 nm 2. 3.
2.2. 3 He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, H, Na, Hg, Cd 4. 4 laser diode 2.2 prism grating dispersion continuous wave!! USB 光源 USB ケーブル 分光器 2.3 2 1 2: 1 W s 2.3.1 1. AC 2.
4 2. 3. optical fiber 1 4. USB 5. SpectraSuite 6. 7. 8. 9. 2.3.2 ( LAN) 1. Internet Explorer 2. Windows Live mail 3. 4. 5. Windows Live mail 6. Windows Live mail Internet Explorer 2.3.3 (eduroam) 1. eduroam 2. @u-hyogo.ac.jp 3. Microsoft Edge active mail 4. stkt.u-hyogo.ac.jp 5. 6. 1: 1 2 3 4 USB4000 USB4000 HR4000 HR4000CG-UV-NIR (µm) 5 5 5 5 (nm) 0.94 0.91 0.24 0.5 (nm) 350-1000 530-1100 350-790 200-1100 VIS-NIR P400-2-VIS-NIR UV-VIS P400-2-UV-VIS (nm) 450-1100 450-1100 300-900 300-900 (µm) 50 400 50 400
2.4. 5 2.3.4 SpectraSuite Copy Graphical Data to Clipboard Gnuplot 1. gnuplot template.plt 2. gnuplot plot using 1:2 3. Excel 2.3.5 1. Experiment > Data > 2. 3. 4. 2.4 1. 2. 390 nm L39, 620 nm R62 820 nm IR82 2.5 W = J/s A = C/s 3
6 4. 3.1 3 ν hν > Φ Φ T 0 = hν Φ photon Φ hν hν < Φ hν > Φ 3.2 Φ E g E g < hν CdS E g 2.4 ev E g λ g = c = hc/e ν g hν g /e 1240 nm ev 520 nm E g λ < λ g E vacuum photon e h T0 solid 3: Φ T T T 0 = hν Φ hν Φ h e T ev 光電面 Φ 電極 4: 光源 分光器 光電管 4 電源 1M 外部電圧 4.1 Digital voltmeter 5: 8 V 1 MΩ
4.2. 7 4-1 4-2 4.2 4.2.1 3 4 λ Φ T 0 = hc/λ Φ T 0 qv S = hc/λ Φ q q = e < 0 5 1 MΩ 1 電流 A 阻止電圧 V S -5 0 5 外部電圧 V 6: A C/s 4-3 8 V 550 nm 1 mm 1 mm V 8 V 8 V 6 V I V S T 0 V 阻止電圧 V S 0 V S h e e 光の周波数 Hz 4.2.2 450, 550, 650 nm 7: 2 3 4-4 V S 7 V S ν = c/λ Planck constant h work function Φ 1 0.5 V 2 3
8 5. 4.2.3 520 nm 3 8.0, 7.2, 6.2 V 4-5 4 5 5.1 Hg, He, Ne, Ar 5-1 5 6 = 2 5-2 5-3 5.2 5-4 8 0 1 Power density (arb. units) 20 15 10 5 0 I o I T I' o 0.0 500 1000 1500 Wavelength (nm) 8: I 0 (λ) I(λ) I 0, I T (λ) = (I(λ) I ) / (I 0 (λ) I 0) I 0 I I' 1.0 0.5 Transmission 4 340 nm 51 ma/w 1 W 51 ma 1 340 nm 5 1.23456 ± 0.00123 2 x 500 y = (1.23456 ± 0.00123)x + (9.8765 ± 0.987) 6
9 6 6.1 9 2 Michelson interferometer π 平行移動 ビームスプリッタ 9: スクリーン 色ガラスフィルター LED 直線偏向板 レンズ レーザー visibility 2π 1 6-1 1 µm 6-2 α L T L(1 + α T ) 6.2 2 coherence length 3 LED light emitting diode LED 6-3 LED LED LED 6-4 LED 6-5
10 7. 7 7.1 propagation direction linearly-polarized light 1 transmission reflection θ B Brewster angle tan θ B = n 2 n 1 n 1 refractive index n 2 7-1 7.2 10 Mach- Zehnder interferometer beam splitter 2 レーザー 10: 直線偏向板 スクリーン 経路 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 7-2 2 z E 1 exp(ik 1 r ω 1 t) E 1 = (E 1x, E 1y, 0) k 1 = (0, 0, k 1z ) ω 1 2 E 1 exp(ik 1 r ω 1 t) + E 2 exp(ik 2 r ω 2 t) 2 7-3 90 2 x θ ɛ = (cos θ, sin θ, 0) E 1 exp(ik 1 r ω 1 t) ɛ(e 1 ɛ) exp(ik 1 r ω 1 t) 7-4 45 7-5
11 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1 8. 1 9 1.,, 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7.