2010 19 2 94 106 2010 1) BRS Cloninger (TCI) (BRS) 246 TCI 7 759 BRS TCI Cloninger (resilience) 2002 (Grotberg, 2003) 1) 2008 2002 (2004) 3 (2007)
95 2002 Wagnild & Young, 1993 2005 Luthar, Cicchetti, & Becker, 2000 (Reynolds, 1998) (2002) Resilience Scale (Wagnild et al., 1993) 2 (Heilemann, Lee, & Kury, 2003) 1 (Schumacher, Leppert, & Gunzelrnann, 2005) 5 (Lundman, Strandberg, & Eisemann, 2007) Resilience Questionnaire (Colgate, 1996) Resilience Scale for Adults (Friborg, Hjemdal, & Rosenvinge, 2003) 3 4 Cloninger (1993) Temperament Character Inventory (TCI) TCI 4
96 19 2 2000 TCI 3 Cloninger (2006) TCI TCI Cloninger TCI (2004) (Table 1) Table 1
97 2002 Hiew 2002 Resilience Quotient 2004 2005 CAQ- Ego-Resiliency Scale 2005 2005 Multidimensional Trauma Recovery and Resiliency 2005 Table 1 20 30 30 60 3 63 3 KJ 2 26 26 52 KJ I 2008 6 7 1 1 255 246 137 109 22.2 (SD 4.84) SPSS (ver. 11.0J)
98 19 2 1. 52 5 2. TCI Cloninger TCI 1996 125 TCI 25 2 75 2 3. (2007) 5 5 52 1SD 5 1SD 1 2 50 TCI.30 14 14 28 14 8 7 7 Promax.30 7 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 TCI 7 TCI TCI (Table 2) TCI (b.36,
99 Table 2 TCI N 246 R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b.36.23.34.08.23.13.34.09.32.02.18.07.18.01.36.53.31.07.04.11.10.07.12.15.07.14.04.04 TCI.08.07.05.40.17.07.13.08.07.03.16.27.28.01.05.23.10.20.29.06.13.07.02.15.12.11.12.31 p.001, p.01, p.05, R 2 b.25.53,.31) b (b.40) b b (b.29,.28,.31) 4 3 r.51 r.40.48 (p.001) 2008 9 10 7 1 3 18 781 759 365 394 21.6 (SD 5.00) I 1. I 21 7 5 2000 2 1998 2 1 1991 3 2001 3
100 19 2 2000 3 1 1 1 1 35 5 2. TCI 3. 2002 21 5 TCI 297 185 35 I 7 3 21 (Table 3) a a.90 a.83 a.72 7 GFI.919 AGFI.897, RMSEA.061 (Figure 1) TCI (Table 4) TCI (b.29,.34,.33) b (b.25) b (b.28,.25,.25) (r.64.74, p.001) (r.49 62, p.001) (Bidimensional Resilience Scale: BRS) 7 a.48.58 7
101 Table 3 N 759 a.90 I II III IV V VI VII (a.83) A. (a.77) 22..75 1..73 8..68 B. (a.48) 19..62 33..53 12..39 C. (a.85) 23..83 9..82 2..79 D. (a.72) 34..77 2..69 13..58 (a.72) E. (a.58) 24..64 31..51 10..51 F. (a.54) 4..57 25..56 11. ( ).46 G. (a.67) 14..76 35..69 21..50 A B C D E F G GFI.933, AGFI.908, RMSEA.056 A.56.47.46.62.37.37 B.48.89.46.53.54 C.39.58.37.52 D.49.42.52 E.62.55 F.59 G 2 BRS
102 19 2 Figure 1 Table 4 TCI N 297 R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b R 2 b.26.14.21.14.30.07.27.17.23.09.15.14.24.11.29.34.33.17.07.16.21.02.02.26.08.00.06.08 TCI.10.01.09.25.10.05.13.17.08.09.13.21.25.05.13.16.09.13.19.01.25.11.17.10.17.28.08.14 p.001, p.01, p.05, R 2 b.25 BRS (2006) TCI BRS BRS 1 TCI
103 (Brissette, Scheier, & Carver, 2002) 2004 TCI 2 negative self control positive self control 1983 TCI TCI 1997 TCI 4 1995 TCI
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105 266 280. (1975) pp. 232 270. (2004) 13 76 77. (2005) 4, 1 14. (1983) 298 9 15. (2000) Cloninger 11, 387 396. (1996) Cloninger 7 Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) 7, 379 399. (1997) 11(12), 64 69. Lundman, B., Strandberg, G., & Eisemann, M. (2007). Psychometric properties of the Swedish version of the Resilience Scale. Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 21, 229 237. Luthar, S. S., Cicchetti, D., & Becker, B. (2000). The construct of resilience: A critical evaluation and guidelines for future work. Child development, 71, 543 562. Hiew, C. C. (2002) 8, 179 187. (2005) MTRR/MTRR-I 10, 49 60. (2005) CAQ ER (CAQ-Ego- Resiliency Scale) 13, 272 274. Wright (2004) (2004) 7, 28 38. (2002) 35, 57 65. Reynolds, A. (1998). Resilience among black urban youth: Prevalence, intervention effects, and mechanism of influences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68, 84 100. Schumacher, J., Leppert, K., & Gunzelrnann, T. (2005). The Resilience Scale: A questionnaire to assess resilience as a personality characteristic. Zeitschrift fur Klinische Psychologie, Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, 53, 16 39. (1998) 8, 55 64. (2000) 47, 269 279. (2002) 50, 427 435. (2001) 1, 28 44. (1995) 43, 392 401. Wagnild, G. M., & Young, H. M. (1993). Development and psychometric evaluation of the Resilience Scale. Journal of Nursing Measurement, 1, 165 178. (2007) 33, 73. 2009.7.3 2010.6.16
106 19 2 A Study of the Classification of Resilience Factors: Development of the Bidimensional Resilience Scale (BRS) Mari HIRANO Graduate School of Education, The University of Tokyo THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2010, Vol. 19 No. 2, 94 106 Resilience is a characteristic of everyone, but some aspects of resilience are easy to imbibe, whereas others are not. This study developed a Bidimensional Resilience Scale (BRS) using Cloninger s Temperament/Character model (TCI) as the criteria to consider separately the innate factors and acquired factors of resilience. A questionnaire was administered to 246 college students, and seven factors were extracted through factor analysis according to their relevance based on the TCI. Innate resilience factors included optimism, control, sociability, and vitality; acquired resilience factors included attempting to solve a problem, self-understanding, and understanding others. The resulting BRS questionnaire was administered to 759 people. The bidimensional structure and the validity of the BRS were examined through higher-order factor analysis and comparison of relevancy with existing measures. Finally, criterion-related validity was examined for the resulting terms of the relevancy of innate/acquired resilience factors and the temperament/character factors from the TCI. Key words: resilience, innate factor, acquired factor, Cloninger s Temperament/Character model