1
1. ( 1) ) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 15) 16) ( 1) ) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)28 8)Ames 9) 10) 11) ( 1) ) 2) 3) 4) ( 1) ) 2) 3) 4) 2
TSCA (a) FIFRA (b) (c) FFDCA (d) FFDCA (e) FFDCA (f) (g) PMN EPA; Environmental Protection Agency EPA QSAR Acid chlorides, Acid dyes & amphoteric dyes, Acrylates/Methacrylates, Aldehydes, Aliphatic amines, Alkoxysilanes, Aluminum compounds, Amino-Benzothiazole azo dyes, Anilines, Anionic surfactants, Bensotriazoles, Benzo-Triazole-hindered phenols, Boron compounds, Cationic dyes, Cationic (quarternary ammonium) surfactants, Cobalt, Dianilines, Diazoniums, Dichlorobenzi-dine-based pigments, Dithiocarbamates, Epoxides, Esters, Hydrazines & related compounds, Imides, Neutral organics, Nickel compounds, Nonionic surfactants, Organotins, Phenols, Phosphinate esters, Polyanionic polymers (& monomers), Polycationic polymers, Polynitroaromatics, Rosin, Thiols, Substituted triazines, Triarylmethane pigments/dyes with non-solubilizinggroups, Vinyl esters, Soluble complexes of zinc, Zirconium compounds 3
LoREXLow Release/Low exposure Exemption LoREX (1) mg/y (2) (3) EPA EPA (1) Mn 1,00010,000 500 10% 1,000 25% Mn 10,000 500 % 1,000 % (2) EPA EPA Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 100 EPA 4
EPA QSAR EPA EPA Consent Order SNUR; Significant New Use Rule EPA SNUR SNUR 600 SNUR SNUR SNUR EPA 5
1979 TSCA 70,000 15,000 6
1 PMN TSCA 8-12 9-13 15-19 ( 5(e) (45 ) (30 ) (30 ) 23-27 57-61 [79-82 ] [90 5(e) SNUR ( 7
EU 67/548/EEC (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) 10 100 1000 t/y EU t/y t/y t/y 8
100 kg/y 100 kg/y 500 kg/y t/y 10 t/y 50 t/y 100 t/y 500 t/y 1000 t/y 5000 t/y EU 9
100kg UV, IR, NMR 28 Ames 10
100kg 28 Ames 11
12
(R-phrases) (S-phrases) R50: (Very toxic to aquatic organisms) R50/53: (May cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment) R51/53: (Toxic to aquatic organisms) R52/53: (Harmful to aquatic organisms) R52: R53: S29: S35: S56: S57: S60: S61: 13
1981 18 EINECSEuropean Inventory of Existing Commercial Chemical Substances 100,000 1993 IUCLIDInternational Uniform Chemical Information Database 2000 11 14
(a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) EU EU Assessment Certificate NICNAS(National Industrial Chemicals Notification and Assessment Scheme) EC 100kg NOHSC 100kg 15
1,000 1,000 100kg 100kg 1,000 1,000 1,000 500 mg/l ph 70 50kg 50kg 16
a) b) c) d) a) b) c) 17
18
1,000 500 19
NICNAS NICNAS (Environment Australia) (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) NICNAS NICNAS (a) (b) (c) (e) NICNAS NICNAS 20
Chemical Gazette 1977 1990 AICSAustralian Inventory of Chemical Substances PEC; Priority Existing Chemicals PEC NICNAS (preliminary) (full) 1998 11 PEC 1,4-21 PEC 21
( ( 22
EU DSL; Domestic Substances List NDSL; Non-Domestic Substances List (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) EU EU EU Department of Environment Environmental Canada Department of National Health and WelfareHealth and Welfare Canada NDSL NDSL NDSL DSL NDSL 23
NDSL NDSL NDSL NDSL 21 NDSL DSL 24
(a) 10,000 500 1000 (b) 1,000 500 1000 (c) DSL NDSL DSL DSL NDSL DSL NDSL 25
NDSL NDSL 10t/y 110t/y 1t/y 5t/y 15t/y 1t/y 1. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 2. 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 28 6) Ames 7) 8) 3. 1) 2) 3) 26
NDSL NDSL DSL/NDSL DSL/NDSL DSL/NDS DSL/NDS L L 1) 2) Mn 500 1000 3) 4) 5) ph 1 10 6) 1) 2) 3) 4) 28 5) Ames 6) 7) 1) 2) ( 3) ( 4) Mn 500 1000 27
(a) (b) (c) 1986 1986 12 Domestic Substances List 23,000 PSLPriority Substances List PSL PSL (a) (b) (c) (toxic) (not toxic) 28
(1989 ) (1995) 29
Department of Environment) Domestic Substance List National Health and Welfare New Substance Notification 30