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BELLE TOP 12

1 3 2 BELLE 4 2.1 BELLE........................... 4 2.1.1......................... 4 2.1.2 B B........................ 7 2.1.3 B CP............... 8 2.2 BELLE...................... 9 2.3 BELLE..................... 13 2.3.1........................ 13 2.3.2........................ 15 2.3.3 de/dx.............................. 15 2.3.4 ACC............. 16 3 TOP 19 3.1 TOP......................... 19 3.2 TOP......................... 2 3.3 TOP...................... 23 3.3.1 TOP............................. 23 3.3.2.............................. 23 3.3.3............................. 24 4 28 4.1 TOP................ 28 4.1.1......................... 28 4.1.2........................... 28 4.2................................. 33 4.3................................. 35 4.3.1 ADC TDC...................... 35 4.3.2.......................... 36 4.3.3......................... 36 4.4................................. 39 1

4.4.1................... 39 4.4.2.......................... 41 4.4.3........................... 43 4.4.4.............................. 46 4.4.5...................... 53 5 58 A 59 B 61 2

1 CP (Charge) (Parity) CP 196 K 3 CP 1973 KM 1 CP B K CP B B- KEKB B B BELLE B B 2 BELLE 2 BELLE 3 TOP 4 TOP 5 3

2 BELLE 2.1 BELLE 2.1.1 6 2 2 3 ( )( )( ) u c t (2.1) d s b u c t d s b W + W ( ) d i = U ij d j (2.2) i d 1 =d d 2 =s d 3 =b U ij 3 3 U U=1 1973 3 - CP [1] 3 3 - V ud V us V ub V V cd V cs V cb (2.3) V td V ts V tb λ=sinθ c (θ c :Cabbibo 4

) λ 3 Wolfenstein 1 λ2 λ Aλ 3 (ρ iη) 2 V λ 1 λ2 Aλ 2 2 + O(λ 4 ) (2.4) Aλ 3 (1 ρ iη) Aλ 2 1 λ A λ =.221 ±.2 A =.839 ±.41 ±.2 (2.5) ρ η b u b c V ub /V cb =.8 ±.3 (2.6) ρ2 + η 2 =.36 ±.14 (2.7) KM - V td V tb + V cdv cb + V udv ub = (2.8) 3 ( ) ( Vcd Vcb φ 1 arg Vud V V td V, φ tb ub 2 arg V td Vtb ), φ 3 arg ( ) Vcd Vcb V ud Vub (2.9) CP 2.1 ρ η CP KM BELLE B CP KM 5

2.1: 2.2: B d - B d 6

2.1.2 B B B - B 2.2 B - B ( ) ( ) i B B = H t B B ) (M ( ) i2 Γ B (2.1) B ( )( ) M 11 i Γ 2 11 M 12 i Γ 2 12 B M 21 i Γ 2 21 M 22 i Γ 2 22 B M Γ M 21 =M 12 Γ 21=Γ 12A M 11 M 22 Γ 11 Γ 22 CPT B H B = B (CPT) 1 H(CPT) B = B H B M 11 =M 22 =M Γ 11 =Γ 22 =Γ 2.1 ( ) ( )( ) B M i H = Γ M 2 12 i Γ 2 12 B B M12 i 2 Γ 12 M i Γ B 2 (2.11) (2.12) M Γ B B M 12 B B Γ 12 B B B B M 1 M 2 E 1 E 2 B 1 B 2 E 1 =(M i 2 Γ) pq M 1 i 2 Γ 1 (2.13) B 1 = B 2 = E 2 =(M i 2 Γ) + pq M 2 i 2 Γ 2 (2.14) p q p 2 + q 2 B p 2 + q B (2.15) 2 p q p 2 + q 2 B + p 2 + q B (2.16) 2 7

p =(M 12 + i 2 Γ 12) 1/2 (2.17) q =(M 12 i 2 Γ 12) 1/2 (2.18) M M 1 + M 2, M M 1 M 2 (2.19) 2 Γ 1 =Γ 2 = Γ (2.2) t= B B t=t B (t) B (t) B (t) = f + (t) B + q p f B (2.21) B (t) = p q f (t) B + f + B (2.22) { ( ) } ( ) f + = exp i M Γ 1 t cos Mt 2 2 { ( ) } ( ) f = i exp i M Γ 1 t sin Mt 2 2 (2.23) (2.24) 2.1.3 B CP B CP CP f cp t= B ( B ) t f cp f cp H B (t) = f + (t) f cp H B + q p f (t) f cp H B (2.25) f cp H B (t) = f + (t) f cp H B + p q f (t) f cp H B (2.26) CP a fcp a fcp Γ(B (t) f cp ) Γ( B (t) f cp ) Γ(B (t) f cp )+Γ( B (t) f cp ) (2.27) 8

a fcp B f cp B fcp B B ( ) f cp H B =A f cp H B =Ā λ λ = q Ā p A (2.28) 2.25 2.26 f cp H B (t) = A(f + (t)+λf (t) (2.29) f cp H B (t) = p q A(f (t)+λf + (t) (2.3) a fcp = (1 λ 2 )cos( Mt) 2Imλsin( Mt) 1+ λ 2 (2.31) - a fcp t B d 2 q p = V tb V td = exp( 2iφ V tb V M ) (2.32) td 2φ M 2.2 KM B d φ M =φ 1 CP KM (φ D ) A/Ā =1 (2.31) a fcp = Imλsin( Mt) = ±sin2(φ M + φ D )sin( Mt) (2.33) f cp CP a fcp - f cp Jψ/K s φ D = a fcp φ 1 π + π φ 2 D K φ 3 2.2 BELLE BELLE CP 9

1. B ( ) 1/2 2. π ± K ± e ± µ ±.5 3. π γ B 4. B BELLE 2.1 B e/π/k γ K L µ (SVD) (CDC) (CDC) (ACC) (TOF) CsI K L /µ (KLM) 2.1 BELLE 2.3 2.4 (IP) 1

2.3: BELLE 11

2.4: 12

2.3 BELLE 2.3.1 BELLE CP B B J/ψK s B B CP B B J/ψK s B B B B B (bū) b b c s s K J/ψK s K K + B B B J/ψK s B B π/k φ 2 B ππ B Kπ π/k φ 3 B DK B Dπ BELLE π/k 2.5 B K ± K 1.5GeV/c 1.5GeV/c π/k 2.6 B ππ π θ=3 π 3.5GeV/c φ 2 3.5GeV/c π/k TOF ACC CDC de/dx π/k m m p β m = (1/β) 2 1 p (2.34) p CDC β 13

2.5: K ( ) 2.6: B ππ π ( ) π 14

2.3.2 1.2GeV/c (TOF) L 2 L t β V = L t, β = V (2.35) c TOF π/k 2.7 π/k 2.7: π/k 2.3.3 de/dx CDC (de/dx) de/dx de dx = Z { 1 ( ) Kz2 2m ln eβ 2 γ 2 E max β2 A β 2 I 2 δ } (2.36) 2 β K (.37MeVg 1 cm 2 ) z Z A I E max 15

de/dx CDC β BELLE CDC π/k δe/e=5 1GeV/c 2GeV/c 2.8 CDC π/k 2.8: π/k CDC 5 2.3.4 ACC n c/n (v=βc) v c/n 2.9 t (c/n) t v t(=βc t) 2 θ c cosθ c = (c/n) t v t = 1 βn 1 (2.37) 16

β 1/n p th = β th = 1 n mβ thc 1 β 2 th = mc n2 1 (2.38) (2.39) λ2 N =2παL sin 2 θ c /λ 2 dλ (2.4) λ 1 [2] N α L (cm) λ (4nm 6nm) 1cm 1.1 β=1 7.5 2.9: 17

2 (1) (2) (1) BELLE ACC( ) 2.38 2.39 π K ACC 1.2GeV/c π/k n 1.1 1.2 (2) n 1.5 π/k θ c 2.37 β ON/OFF β BELLE BELLE π/k ACC TOP 18

3 TOP 3.1 TOP TOP(Time Of Propagation) θ c (TOP) 3.1 θ c xz z Φ yz y Θ 2 TOP Φ Θ ( Φ) (TOP) 2 TOP (q x,q y,q z ) ( )( ) L 1 TOP = c/n(λ) q z (3.1) [3] L c n(λ) TOP z (θ inc,φ inc ) q x = q xcosθ inc cosφ inc q ysinφ inc + q zsinθ inc cosφ inc (3.2) q y = q x cosθ incsinφ inc + q y cosφ inc + q z sinθ incsinφ inc (3.3) q z = q x sinθ inc + q z dosθ inc (3.4) q x y z z θ c z φ q x = sinθ c cosφ c (3.5) q y = sinθ c sinφ c (3.6) 19

3.1: q z = cosθ c (3.7) Θ Φ Φ=arctan ( qx q z ), Θ=arctan ( qy q z ) (3.8) 3.2 3GeV/c 2m (θ inc =φ inc =9 ) π/k (TOP,Φ) 3.2 TOP TOP 3 TOP 3.3 6mm 2mm 315mm 2

3.2: TOP π/k 13ps 3.3: TOP 21

5µm 5µm Φ x 3.4 Φ x x Φ 3 115mm 2 25mm 2 Φ=.5(deg) Φ 45 3.4: 22

3.3 TOP 3.3.1 TOP 3.1 π/k TOP ( )( ) L 1 TOP = c/n(λ) qz π qz K L(m) =4.9(ns) qz π qz K (3.9) TOP L TOP Φ TOP Φ 3.5 L TOP L 3.6 p p θ c TOP TOF (TOP+TOF) TOF TOF TOF K TOF π 3.3.2 TOP a (θ inc,φ inc,l) b CDC c d e f a Φ 1ps 2ps b d θ inc 1.ps 2ps c θ inc 23

1ps 1ps e f e Φ 3.7 θ inc TOP σ TOP L=2m p=4gev/c σ TOP θ inc Φ 75ps 3.3.3 TOF { ( S = δ(ttop + t TOF ) K π ) } 2 i (σ T ) i i (3.1) TOP N=3 L=2m p=4gev/c θ inc =9 π/k S =6 BELLE 3.8 24

3.5: L TOP L TOP Φ TOP 3.6: p TOP p θ c TOP 25

3.7: TOP ( total) TOP a c e f 26

3.8: TOP π/k BELLE TOP 27

4 4.1 TOP 4.1.1 TOP (1) (2) 1mm (3) σ 1ps (4) ( ) R59-U-- L16 TOP 4.1.2 16mm 16mm.8mm 16mm 16 1mm 4.1 28

4.1: 4.2: 29

2 4.2 1 (Quantum Efficiency : QE) 4.3 4nm 25 [4] 1 9 4.4.6ns 3

4.3: ( ) (mv/w) 31

4.4: 2ns/div 2mV/div 32

4.2 4.5 PLP-1 41nm 1kHz ADC TDC 15ns (Nikon ) 1µm 1 2 ADC TDC 3mV 1/3 4.6 ND 1m (φ5µm) 4.5: 33

4.6: 34

4.3 4.3.1 ADC TDC ADC ADC TDC TDC 4.7 16 4.1 Channel 8 Channel 8 Time(ns) 14 12 Charge(pc) 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 25 TDC 1 8 6 4 2 5 1 15 2 25 ADC 4.7: TDC ADC TDC ADC 8 channel ADC TDC channel ADC TDC 1 3.2 1 2 49.9 9 3.17 1 2 45.7 2 3.2 1 2 49.9 1 3.54 1 2 45.7 3 3.23 1 2 5.1 11 3.26 1 2 45.4 4 3.21 1 2 49.9 12 3.17 1 2 46. 5 3.19 1 2 49.8 13 3.31 1 2 46.6 6 3.2 1 2 49.9 14 3.27 1 2 46.1 7 3.24 1 2 49.8 15 3.27 1 2 45.9 8 3.2 1 2 5.1 16 3.28 1 2 45.8 4.1 ADC TDC ADC pc/counts TDC ps/counts 35

4.3.2 HV 8V 8 1 78 (78Hz) 1Hz HV 4.8 15 16 2 1kHz 15ns HV8 8 15 1 9 s 1kHz 78Hz 1 =.117 (4.1) 1kHz 1 1 15 16 1 5 4.3.3 1ns 8mV 4.2 channel channel 1 7.4 9 7.5 2 7.5 1 7.6 3 7.4 11 7.4 4 7.3 12 7.2 5 7.4 13 7.4 6 7.5 14 7.5 7 7.4 15 7.5 8 7.6 16 7.5 4.2 36

Noise(Hz) channel 1 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 2 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 Noise(Hz) channel 3 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 4 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 Noise(Hz) channel 5 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 6 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 Noise(Hz) channel 7 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 8 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 4.8: HV 37

Noise(Hz) channel 9 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 1 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 Noise(Hz) channel 11 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 12 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 Noise(Hz) channel 13 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 14 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 Noise(Hz) channel 15 4 35 3 Noise(Hz) channel 16 4 35 3 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 25 2 15 1 5 7 75 8 85 9 95 38

4.4 4.4.1 ND 8 ADC ADC ND 1/2 1/4 1/8 1/16 1/32 1/64 1/4 Entry No Filter 16 14 12 1 No Filter Nent = 1 Mean = 72.66 RMS = 25.65 Entry 1/2 1/2 Nent = 1 Mean = 57.94 14 RMS = 19.78 12 1 8 6 4 2 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) Entry 1/4 1/4 Nent = 1 12 Mean = 54.97 RMS = 17.98 1 8 Entry 1/8 1/8 Nent = 1 8 Mean = 51.77 RMS = 15.83 7 6 5 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 4 3 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) Entry 1/16 1/16 Nent = 1 4 Mean = 49.85 RMS = 14.48 35 3 25 Entry 1/32 1/32 Nent = 1 3 Mean = 49.7 RMS = 14.9 25 2 2 15 1 5 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 15 1 5 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) Entry 1/64 1/64 Nent = 1 2 Mean = 49.36 RMS = 13.76 18 16 Entry 1/4 1/4 Nent = 3 3 Mean = 48.16 RMS = 13.65 25 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 2 15 1 5 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 4.9: 8 ADC 39

4.1: ADC ND4 ND64 8 96 ( A ) ADC ND16 ND16 7.5 ND16 4

4.4.2 1µm 4.11 16 1mm σ 4.12 Entry 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 22 24 position(mm) 4.11: 41

sigma(mm).4.35.3.25.2.15.1.5 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 channel 4.12: σ 42

4.4.3 4.13 8 TDC ADC vs TDC TDC 75 ADC vs TDC TDC 3 1 TDC TDC ADC TDC TDC = k ADC + t (4.2) k t 4.13 ADC vs TDC TDC 4.14 4.14 HV 8V σ 92ps σ 1ps HV 7V 85V 9V 43

Entry 12 1 TDC_1/16 Nent = 1 Mean = 754 RMS = 5.919 8 6 4 2 7 72 74 76 78 8 82 TDC(x5ps) TDC(x5ps) 82 8 78 76 74 72 7 2 4 6 8 1 12 ADC(x.3pc) 4.13: 8 TDC ADC vs TDC 44

Entry Nent = 739 12 1 8 Mean =.3365 RMS = 3.26 Chi2 / ndf = 1254 / 36 Constant = 994.6 ± 18.88 Mean = -.5356 ±.3316 Sigma = 1.846 ±.2592 6 4 2-6 -4-2 2 4 6 TDC(x5ps) 4.14: TDC ADC vs TDC 45

HV 123ps 84ps 78.5ps HV 8 8 4.15 HV 8V 1ps 9V 9ps HV 8V 9V T.T.S(ps) 16 14 12 1 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 channel 4.15: HV8 HV9 4.4.4 ADC (Gain) G ADC Q A G = Q/Ae (4.3) 46

e (1.6 1 19 [c]) 8 HV 7 8 85 9V ADC 4.16 HV 9V G =2.36 1 6 HV HV 4.17 Entry HV7 8 Nent = 1 Mean = 12.31 7 6 5 RMS = 4.868 Chi2 / ndf = 142 / 42 Constant = 539.6 ± 7.249 Mean = 25.19 ±.1164 Sigma = 7.387 ±.952 Entry HV8 5 Nent = 1 Mean = 14.18 4 3 RMS = 11.61 Chi2 / ndf = 155.7 / 77 Constant = 236.5 ± 3.574 Mean = 51.85 ±.1971 Sigma = 13.3 ±.1626 4 3 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) Entry HV85 5 Nent = 1 Mean = 16.32 RMS = 17.42 Chi2 / ndf = 265 / 98 4 Constant = 214 ± 3.65 Mean = 69.15 ±.2244 Sigma = 16.26 ±.1874 3 Entry HV9 4 Nent = 1 Mean = 18.6 35 RMS = 24.2 Chi2 / ndf = 244.9 / 116 Constant = 186 ± 2.658 3 Mean = 91.71 ±.2656 Sigma = 18.72 ±.2214 25 2 2 1 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 15 1 5 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 18 2 ADC(x.3pc) 4.16: HV 8 ADC 47

gain 1 7 Chi2 / ndf =.575 / 2 Constant = 9.248 ±.5621 Slope =.629 ±.6516 1 6 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 4.17: HV 48

4.18 HV 8V 9V HV 4.18: HV8 HV9 2 δ E δ=a E α A α N V G =(A E α ) N { ( ) α } N V A = KV α N (4.4) N +1 α N K 4.5 log G = a + b log V (4.5) 49

a=log K b=α N HV ( 4.19) log K α N 4.3 α N log K α N log K 1 7.462-15.66 9 4.22-6.7 2 5.22-8.439 1 4.951-8.232 3 5.64-1.17 11 4.839-7.929 4 5.583-1.14 12 5.237-9.56 5 5.558-1.5 13 4.313-6.31 6 4.93-8.12 14 6.214-12.1 7 5.784-1.74 15 7.68-14.51 8 4.928-9.185 16 7.381-15.49 4.3 : α N K 5

log gain channel 1 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.3131 / 2 p = -15.66 ± 35.93 p1 = 7.462 ± 12.36 log gain channel 2 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.3988 / 2 p = -8.439 ± 34.81 p1 = 5.22 ± 11.97 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log log gain channel 3 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.185 / 2 p = -1.17 ± 27.5 p1 = 5.64 ± 9.3 log gain channel 4 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.2965 / 2 p = -1.14 ± 35.93 p1 = 5.583 ± 12.36 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log log gain channel 5 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.1515 / 2 p = -1.5 ± 35.93 p1 = 5.558 ± 12.36 log gain channel 6 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf = 6.483e-5 / 2 p = -8.12 ± 35.93 p1 = 4.93 ± 12.36 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log log gain channel 7 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.2256 / 2 p = -1.74 ± 35.93 p1 = 5.784 ± 12.36 log gain channel 8 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf = 7.614e-5 / 2 p = -8.185 ± 35.93 p1 = 4.928 ± 12.36 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 4.19: HV 51

log gain channel 9 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf = 2.786e-5 / 2 p = -6.7 ± 35.93 p1 = 4.22 ± 12.36 log gain channel 1 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.235 / 2 p = -8.232 ± 35.93 p1 = 4.951 ± 12.36 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log log gain channel 11 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.2344 / 2 p = -7.929 ± 35.93 p1 = 4.839 ± 12.36 log gain channel 12 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.2262 / 2 p = -9.56 ± 22.3 p1 = 5.237 ± 7.574 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log log gain channel 13 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf = 4.275e-5 / 2 p = -6.31 ± 35.93 p1 = 4.313 ± 12.36 log gain channel 14 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.2177 / 2 p = -12.1 ± 24.14 p1 = 6.214 ± 8.3 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log log gain channel 15 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.146 / 2 p = -14.51 ± 35.93 p1 = 7.68 ± 12.36 log gain channel 16 6.6 6.4 Chi2 / ndf =.1499 / 2 p = -15.49 ± 35.93 p1 = 7.381 ± 12.36 6.2 6.2 6 6 5.8 5.8 5.6 5.6 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 5.4 2.8 2.85 2.9 2.95 3 log 52

4.4.5 8 8 4.4 ND (1) (2) (3) ( ) 7371 1988 15 2.72 2 44525 619 5 1.4 4 2637 194 1.75 8 16377 7.43 16 7465 8.1 32 3745 2.5 64 2578 4 13 4.4 (1) 8 (2) 8 1 (3) 8 2 3 (2)+(3)/(1) HV 4.2 8 8 8 2 (ND16 157 ) 85 8 7 9 ADC vs TDC 4.21 TDC 2 ADC 7 9 TDC 4.22 TDC TDC TDC 53

Cross talk(%) channel 1 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 2 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 Cross talk(%) channel 3 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 4 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 Cross talk(%) channel 5 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 6 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 Cross talk(%) channel 7 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 8 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 4.2: HV 54

Cross talk(%) channel 9 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 1 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 Cross talk(%) channel 11 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 12 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 Cross talk(%) channel 13 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 14 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 Cross talk(%) channel 15 1.9.8.7 Cross talk(%) channel 16 1.9.8.7.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95.6.5.4.3.2.1 65 7 75 8 85 9 95 55

4.21: 8 TDC 77 83 2 56

12 Entry channel 7 1 TDC_1/16 Nent = 1 Mean = 775.2 RMS = 6.435 8 6 4 2 7 75 8 85 9 95 1 TDC(x5ps) 12 Entry channel 9 1 TDC_1/16 Nent = 1 Mean = 829 RMS = 6.813 8 6 4 2 7 75 8 85 9 95 1 TDC(x5ps) 4.22: 7 TDC 4.17 TDC 9 TDC 57

5 TOP 1ps 1mm 4.5 HV8 HV9 ± 9V 1ps 85ps BELLE TOP * (HV8) (HV9) 1mm 99(±5)ps 85(±4)ps * (HV8) 1.27(±.19) 1 6 (HV9) 2.33(±.18) 1 6 * (HV8) 1(±44)Hz (HV9) 15(±73)Hz * ( :HV8).2(±.6) ( :HV9).35(±.11) 4.5: * ± 58

A m x P (X = x) = mx exp( m) (A.1) x! x 1 m R P (X =)= e m m! =1 R (A.2) P (X =)= lnp(x =) = ln(1 R) (A.3) 1 P (X =1)= e m m 1 1! (A.4) 2 3... 1 (PE) 4PE A.1 59

A.1: 6

B ADC TDC CAMAC(Computer Automated Mesurement And Control) BELLE PC-98 CAMAC OS PC-Linux PC-Linux CAMAC C ADC TDC PC-98 PC- Linux PC-98 61

[1] M.Kobayashi and T.Maskawa, Prog. Theor. Phys. Vol49(1973). [2] K. /,, - - [3] M.Akatsu et al., Time-Of-Propagation Cherenkov counter for particle identification, DPNU-99-8 Mar.9,1999. [4] Hamamatsu Photonics K.K PHOTOMULTIPLIER TUBE catalog, 1997. [5] M.Yamaga, Master Thesis, Tohoku University, 1998. [6] K.Fujimoto, Master Thesis, Nagoya University, 2. [7] K.Tagashira, Master Thesis, Tohoku University, 2.

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