10-7 cm/ 50cm 10-6 cm/ 2,4-D 2 ph

10-7 cm/ 50cm 10-6 cm/ 2,4-D 2 ph

Cd 2+ Ca 2+ - Cr(OH) 4 ph ph ph ph 6 CrO 2-4 AsO 3-4 ph 9 Cd 2+ ph 6 ph 9 ph 6 9 ph B(OH) - 4 ph B(OH) 3 ph ph B(OH) - 4 ph

soil organic matter ph ph ph ph 2,4-D ph 2,4-D ph ph 2,4-D 2,4-D 2,4-D 2,4-D

ph Al 13 O 4 (OH) 3+ 28 PH Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 Ca(H 2 PO 4 ) 2 + 2CaCO 3 (soluble) lime Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 (insoluble) + 2CO 2 + 2H 2 O

Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 PH Al(OH) 2 H 2 PO 4 Fe(OH) 2 H 2 PO 4 Al 3+ - + H 2 PO 4 + 2H 2 O (soluble) 2H + + Al(OH) 2 H 2 PO 4 (insoluble) PH PH Nagasawa, 1976 m OH OH + 2

ph 5mg/l ph 4.1 4.7 10 100mg/kg ph 5.7 5.9 800 7,000mg/kg 5 7,000mg/kg (,2000) 6 Davis J., Fuller C.C. and Cook A.D.(1987) A model for trace metal sorption processes at the calcite surface: Adsorption of Cd2+ and subsequent solid solution formation, Geochimica et Cosmochimica, Vol.51, 1477-1490 (1999) Vol.9, No.2, 11-22 Kemdorf H. and Schnitzer M (1980) Sorption of metals on humic acid. Geochimica et Cosmochim Acta, Vol.44, 1701-1708 Kinniburgh D.G., Syers J.K. and Jackson M.L. (1975)Specific adsorption of trace amounts of calcium and strontium by hydrous oxides of iron and aluminium. Soil Sci. Soc. Am.J. Vol.39, 464-470 (2000).Proceeding of the 10 th Symposium on Geo-Environments and Geo-Technics. 211-216 Mcbride M. B. (1994) Environmental Chemistry of Soils, Oxford University Press. PP.406 Maclaren R.G. and Cameron k.c.(1990) Soil Science, Oxford University Press. PP.294 (1999),, Vol.38 No.3, 167-180 Michot L.J. and Pinnavaia T.J.(1991)Adsorption of chlorinated phenols from aqueous solution by surfactantmodified clays Clays and Clay Minerals, Vol.39, No.6, 634-641 Nagasawa K.(1976)Kaolin Minerals. Clays and Clay minerals of Japan, Elsevier, 26,189-219 Sposito G. (1989)The Chemistry of Soils, Oxford University Press. PP.277

Watson J.R., Posner A.M., and Quirk J.P. (1973) Adsorption of herbicide 2,4-D on goethite. J. Soil Sci. Vol.24, 503-511 Walker T.W. and Syers J.K.(1976)The fate of phoshorus during dedogenesis. Geoderma Vol.15, 1-19

( ) a.1:1 (kaolinite) (1.0nm )(ha loysite) Si 2Al 2O 5(OH) 4 Si 2Al 2O 5(OH) 4 2H 2O b.2:1 (ilite) (vermiculite) (montmorilonite) K(Si 7Al)(Al,Mg,Fe) 4 6O 20(OH) 4 Mg 1.2(Si 6.8Al 1.2)(Mg,Fe,Al) 4 6O 20(OH) 4 Na 0.67Si 8(Al 3.33Mg 0.67)O 20(OH) 4 nh 2O c.2:2 3 (clinochlore) (Mg 10Al 2)(Si 6Al 2)O 20(OH) 16 a. (a lophane) (1 2)SiO 2 Al 2O 3 (2.5 3)H 2O b. (imogolite) (OH) 3Al 2O 3SiOH a. (gibbsite) (boem ite) (hem atite) (goethite) (lepidocrocite) (ferrihydrite) Al(OH) 3 -AlOOH -Fe 2O 3 -FeO O H -FeO O H 5Fe 2O 3 9H 2O b. (gypsum ) (calcite) (strengite) CaSO 4 2H 2O CaCO 3 Fe(OH) 2 H 2PO 4 (variscite) Al(OH) 2 H 2PO 4

Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ Si 4+ K + Ca 2+ Cr 3+ Cr 6+ Mn 2+ Fe 2+ Fe 3+ Ni 2+ Cu 2+ Zn 2+ Mo 5+ Cd 2+ Na + Mg 2+,MgSO 0 4,org a org,alf 2+,AlOH 2+ 0 Si(OH) 4 K + Ca 2+,CaSO 0 4,org CrOH 2+ CrO 4 2- Mn 2+,MnSO 0 4,org Fe 2+,FeSO 0 4,FeH 2PO 4+ FeO H 2+,Fe(OH) 0 3,org Ni 2+,NiSO 0 4,NiHCO + 3,org org,cu 2+ Zn 2+,ZnSO 0 4,org H 2MoO 0 4,HMO 4- Cd 2+,CdSO 0 4,CdCl + Na +,NaHCO 0-3,NaSO 4 Mg 2+,MgSO 0 0 4,MgCO 3 Al(OH) - 4,org 0 Si(OH) 4 K + -,KSO 4 Ca 2+,CaSO 0 + 4,CaHCO 3 - Cr(OH) 4 CrO 4 2- Mn 2+,MnSO 0 4,MnCO 0 3,MnHCO + + 3,MnB(OH) 4 FeCO 0 3,Fe 2+,FeHCO + 0 3,FeSO 4 Fe(OH) 0 3,org NiCO 0 3,NiHCO + 3,Ni 2+ +,NiB(OH) 4 CuCO 0 3,org,CuB(OH) + 0 4,Cu[B(OH) 4] 4 ZnHCO + 3,ZnCO 0 3,org,Zn 2+,ZnSO 0 + 4,ZnB(OH) 4 HMoO - 2-4,MoO 4 Cd 2+,CdCl +,CdSO 0 + 4,CdHCO 3 Pb 2+ Pb 2+,org,PbSO 0 + 4,PbHCO 3 PbCO 0 3,PbHCO 3+,org,Pb(CO 3) 2-2,PbOH + Sposito(1989)

(1999) 2 ( )

1.25 10-4 mol/l Kinniburgh et al.(1975)

ph Mcbride(1994) 5 10-4 mol/l Kerndorf and Schnitzer.(1980)

320ppm ph Mcbride(1994) ph Watson (1973)

Tergitol 15s-5 Al13 3- Michot & Pinnavaia (1991)

Michot & Pinnavaia (1991)

Davis et al. (1987)

Walker & Syers (1976) ph Mclaren & Cameron(1990)

(1999)