No.7, 77-88 (2006) Transition of the Roles of Japan s International Education Policy -From Foreign Aid to Global Citizenship- TAKEDA Satoko Nihon University, Graduate School of Social and Cultural Studies What are the roles of the international education policy in Japan? How are they related to political, social and economic conditions of Japan? This paper examines these questions by looking at the history of Japan s international education policy in the past 100 years. In particular it reviews the recent development of socioeconomic conditions in Japan, and argues that the basis of the international education policy must be changed from foreign aid model to global citizen fostering model. Japanese government adopted the policy called 100,000 international students plan in 1983. But the political, social and economic conditions that supported the policy have changed significantly in the past 20 years under globalization and integration of regional economies. A number of global issues have emerged as common concerns among the countries in the world and the region. They include sustainable development, migration, transition to a multicultural society, and emergence of global civil society. This paper shows that these factors ask for redesigning international education policy on the basis of global citizen fostering model. 1990 1983 21 2001 5 10 1 () 2004 4 10 20 1980 1 8 2005 5 15
2 2005 1984/1987 1997 10 2004 2005 2002 1998 [1996] 3 2 http://www.keidanren.or.jp/japanese/policy/2004/ 3 029/index.html 78
1998 300 3 [1997] 2001 85 150 OECD 43 4 4 1997 6 4 4 B/A (%) ( ) (A) () (B) 9,010 572,509 6.3 2003 1,388 325,760 23.5 2003 1,799 246,136 13.6 2003 2,175 245,298 11.2 2003 929 151,798 16.3 2004 3,610 117,302 3.2 2004 17 IIEOPEN DOORS HESA STUDENT in Higher Education Institutions 2003/2004 1930 Note d intomation AEI 180 3 1 572,509 2003 10 2005 4 OECD http://www.oecdtokyo.org/theme/edu/2004/20041001higher edu.html 79
2004 117,302 3.2 2004 2005 109,520 (77,713) (15,533) 93.4 (66.2) (13.2) 113,644 (80,592) (15,606) 93.3 (66.2) (12.8) 2,974 2.5 3,106 2.5 1,712 1.5 1,925 1.6 1,015 0.8 1,024 0.8 924 0.8 957 0.8 610 0.5 656 0.5 547 0.5 500 0.4 117,302 100.0 121,812 100.0 1960 1970 1970 80 OECD 2004 2005 2005 1983 121,812 113,644 93.3 10 80,592 15,606 79 12,765 2,486 1952 IIE:Institute of International Education 45,960 5 4 6 4 5 16 8 3 16 10 3 45,960 12,765 10,900 2,486 OECD 2002 33 79,455 1997 112-114 80
7 1901 34 15 1988 OECD 1881 14 3 1896 29 8 13 10 8,000 9 Phan Boi Chau1876-1940 1904 Phan Boi Chau the Dong Du Movement 1908 200 1909 11 10 () 100 7 119-120 2001 12 2 8 123 11 Nguyen Knac Vien, (2002) Vietnam A Long History 9 123 The Gioi Publishers, pp. 167-168 81
1954 15 11 23 17 6 1943 2 () 12 () 1950 1 ( ) 1943 ( 18 )1944 ( 19 )2 205 13 ASCOJA 14 16 1954 ODA 12 1935( 10)12 1979( 54) 15 1953 ( ) 13 1997 5 14 500 1994 204-205 16 1991 125 82
17 ODA 11 ODA 1977 8 18 1960 70 ASEAN 19 ASEAN 20 1972 1983 8 21 1980 () 21 10 8,116 21 10 18 10 1 9 1974 10 17 1993 133 5 18 ODA 1994 10 250-251 19 1967 8 8 22 10 20 1995 19-23 21 1972 22 40 40 1997 360 83
1976 10 23 () 1997 7 10 () 2000 1999 3 21 10 () 2000 11 () 2003 10 2003 10 10 4 7 10 20 7 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 2000 (JICA) () 1979 23 http://www.mext.go.jp/b_menu/shingi/chousa/koutou/015/i ndex.htm#top http://211.120.54.153/b_menu/public/2003/03100701/001.h tm 84
JICA 1930 24 25 1997 ASEAN3 IMF Direction of Trade Statistics Yeabook 2001 3 24 2004 140-141 25 128 85
26 2,934 NAFTA 1,967 EU 1,047 4 2001 1,967 NAFTA 1,047 4,247 2,934 4,247 2,683 IMF, Direction of Trade Statistics Yearbook. 50.8 EU 61.9 8 NAFTA 46.3 27 UMEX: UONUMA Association for Multicultural Exchange 28 2005 3 10 1982 300 2002 2 26 ASEA 28 http://www.umex.ne.jp 27 FTA 2005 7 version 2 http://www.umex.ne.jp/pdf/umexfile0511.pdf 86
29 150 20 70 2 20 30 2004 12 2006 () 7 2 29 () () 2001 2003 3 1500 87
2005 1997 1987 10 2004 12 NHK 1996 2002 1 5 1998 3, pp.61-68 7 15 16 (Received: May 31, 2006) (Issued in internet Edition: July 1, 2006) 88