MEMOIRS OF SHONAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Vol. 39, No. 1, 2005 * Nationalism and National Security Masanori HASEGAWA* This article considers nationalism in terms of national security. Nationalism has been one of the most important causes of war and closely relative to international political structure (anarchy). Therefore, nationalism should be viewed and explained not only from the viewpoint of history, sociology, or anthropology, but also from the viewpoint of international politics (security studies). This article is composed of five chapters. Chapter 1: The Virtue and Vice of Nationalism. Chapter 2: Anarchical Nationalism: The General Cause of Nationalism from A View of International Politics. Chapter 3: The Various Causes that Exalt or Soften Nationalism. Chapter 4: Implication of Nationalism in National Security. Chapter 5: The Future of Nationalism. The future trend of international politics will depend on that of nationalism. The reality of Samuel Huntington s best selling book The Clash of Civilizations that has been an object of discussions at almost all national academies will also depend on the future trend of nationalism in North Atlantic states and Islamic world. 2 10 * 16 9 30 (W. Connor) 1 (1) 1 1997 9 10 Walker Connor, Ethnonationalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) p. xi. 81
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(6) 3 1(8) 3 1(8) 3 1(8) (7) 3 1(10) 32 (8) 3 1(11)(12) 3 1(2)(6)(7)(9) 3 1(12) 3 1(4)(5) 3 2(2)(3) 3 2(7) 3 2(1)(6)(8) 32 40, 214 217 33 Thomas U. Berger, Norms, Identity, and National Security in Germany and Japan, in Peter J. Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, New York: Columbia University Press, 1996, pp. 317 356. 2 (Ibid., p. 355), 1999 34 A Chinese Puzzle, The Economist, April 21st 2001, P. 53. 35 2002 2 7 3 2 25 1 4 (1) 1 33 34 (2) 1 2(5) 35 (3) (1 1(1)) (4) 2 3 1(1)(4) 89
39 1 (5) 3 1(6), 3 2(6) (6) 1 1(2) 36 1990 Ted Robert Gurr, Ethnic Warfare on the Wane, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 79, No. 3, 2000, p. 64. 37 1990 21 38 Thomas Risse-Kappen, Collective Identity in a Democratic Community: The Case of NATO, in Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security, pp. 357 399; Bruce Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Pos- World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993). 1996 39 Mansfield and Snyder, Democratization and War, pp. 79 80. 40 298 5 36 37 NATO (1) 38 39 40 90
(2) 41 EU 42 (3) (J. Mearsheimer) 41 Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye Jr., Globalization: What s New? What s Not? (And So What?), Foreign Policy, No. 118, Spring 2000, p. 105. 42 822 43 John J. Mearsheimer, Buck to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War, International Security, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1990, pp. 21, 29. 44 2001 i x, 3 31, 33 67 1995 45 NTT 2000 2 54 55, 76 79, 106, 153 1998 166 170 43 (4) 1992 (5) 2 (A) (B) (A) (B) 45 91
39 1 46 PLO 47 70 48 49 2 46 1994 282, 284 47 121 1999 5 157 160 48 124 49 157 160 50 Gurr, Ethnic Warfare on the Wane, p. 64. 51 30, 54, 62 52 2001 9 15 2001 9 13 2001 11 2001 12 2001 11 (Ted Robert Gurr) 50 (S. Huntington) 51 3 1(6) 1 1(2) 3 1(1) 2001 9 52 92