ABSTRACT The Qur' -an' s story of Yusuf (=Joseph; Surah 12), parallel to the Joseph story in the Bible (Genesis 37-50), is said to be the best (or the

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1 ABSTRACT The Qur' -an' s story of Yusuf (=Joseph; Surah 12), parallel to the Joseph story in the Bible (Genesis 37-50), is said to be the best (or the Qura' nic legend, that is, H adith, "tafsir (exegesis) ", Qisas al-anbiya' (tales of the Prophets), etc., and became one of the favorite subject matters most beautiful) of all stories (Ahsan al-qasas), It was elaborated in the post- particularly in Persian poetry. There are many works entitled Yusuf u Zulaykha (=Potiphar' wife) in it, of which the most estimated is a fifteenth century prominent mystical poet, 'Abd al-rahman Jami (d. 1492)'s. In addition to these independent works of Yusuf u Zulaykha, many Persian poets made the most of this story as edifying anecdote in their poetical works, for instance, Far id al- Din `Attar (d. ca.1221)'s Mantiq al-tayr, Sa `di Shirazi (d. 1292)'s Bustan (Sa `di-na-meh), and so forth. From the folkloristic point of view, as Shalom Goldman states in The Wiles of Women/ The Wiles of Men (1995), the Yusuf story consists of three motifs: "Potiphar' s Wife motif", "the motif of the Wise Man as Saviour", and "the motif of the Young Man Triumphant". When we examine the development of the Yusuf story in Persian literature, "Potiphar' s Wife motif" is the most important of the three. Because a lot of Persian poets such as `Attar, Jami, took up this motif in their works by preference as stated above. In this paper is examined the development of the "Potiphar' s Wife motif" as a significant part of the Yusuf story and her image in Persian literature. As to the image of Potiphar' s Wife, she is usually described as a wicked woman in many narratives that deal with this motif. But for most of the Persian poets she isn't the like of it. Her passionate love for Yusuf is rewarded on account s

2 of its strength, and through the power of repentance she becomes "a blessed woman" in the end.

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11 Goldman, The Wiles of Women / The Wiles of Men: Joseph and Potiphar's wife in ancient Near Eastern, Jewish, and Islamic Folklore, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1995, p.10. (6) Bernard Heller, "Yusuf b. Ya `kub", in First Encyclopaedia of Islam , 9 vols., Leiden, New York, Kobenhavn, Koln: E. J. Brill, 1987[ , Vol. 8, P (7) S. Goldman, op. cit., p. 42; 'Abd al-rahman Jam-1, Mathnavi--ye `Ashegane va `Arefane-ye Yusuf u Zulaykha, ed, Dr. Naser Nikubakht, Tehran: Mo' assese-

12 (9) S. Go ldman, op. cit., p. xxii. (10) Smith Thompson, "Potiphar' s Wife", in Motif Index of Folk-literature, 6vols., Bloomington & London: Indiana University Press, 1966[ , Vol. 4, p.474. (11) S. Goldman, op. cit., p53. (12) ibid. p.51. (19) cf. E.G. Browne, A Literary History of Persia, 4 vols., Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, [ ], Vol.2, p.270; Jan Rypka, History of Iranian Literature, Dordrecht (Holland) : D. Reidel, c.1968 [Praha,

13 Mohammad Tamaddon, Qesse-ye Por-mdjard-ye Yusuf u Zulaykhd, Tehran: Mo' assese-ye Entesharat-e Sekkeh, (25) Ja-mi, OP-cit., p.177; Modarres Gilani ed., op. cit., p.674. (26) Khajah Shams al-din Muhammad Hafiz, Divan-e Hafiz, 2vols., P. Natel Khanlari, ed Theran: Entesharat-e Kharazmi, V of.1; n. d. (1980-1) V of. 2; [ , Vol. 1, p.22. (27) W. M. Thackston, Jr., trans., The Mystical and Visionary Treatises of Shihabuddin Yahya Suhrawardi, London: The Octagon Press, 1982, p.5. (28) Shaykh Farid al-din Muhammad `Attar Nishaburi, Mantiq al-tayr, S. Sadeq Gowharin ed. Theran: Entesharat-e `Elmi va Farhangi, [1963-4], p.177.

14 Farid al-din `Attar Nishaburi, Ildh-i-nameh, ed. Fo' ad Rowhani. Tehran: Entesharat-e Zovvar,, (5th ed.), pp cf. Dr. Tagi Purnamdariyan, Daddy ba- Samorgh, Tehran: Paju-heshgah-e '01um-e Ensani va Motale `at-e Farhangi, 1996 (2nd ed.), pp (31) Sa `di Shirazi, Bustan-e Sa `da (Sa'da-ndmeh), Gholamhoseyn Yusofi, ed. & note. Tehran: Entesharat-e Kharazmi, , p.193. (32) Dr. Mohammad Khaza' eli, A `lam-e Qur'dn, Tehran: Mo' assese-ye Chap o Entesharat-e Amir-e Kabir,, , p.653. (33) Bustan-e Sa `da (Sa `da-ndmeh), op. cit., p.193.

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