[10], [11] [2] [9] [17] [15] [8], [19] RQ1: Facebook Facebook Twitter Facebook [8] Twitter [19] Facebook [3] Twitter [13] Facebook Twitter RQ2: Facebo
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1 1,a) 1,b) Facebook Twitter Twitter Facebook 3 Facebook Twitter Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook Envy Sensitivity on Social Media and in Real World SHOGORO YOSHIDA 1,a) YOSHINORI HIJIKATA 1,b) Abstract: Social media such as Facebook and Twitter have grown to be popular communication tools, which ironically have a bad aspect of increasing our opportunity to feel envy. Many researchers have reported that users depressions are caused by envy. It is important for us to understand the nature of envy on social media. In this research, we study how differently people feel envy in the real world, on Twitter, and on Facebook through a questionnaire survey to understand users envy on social media. We also study how users envy correlates with their behaviors in several social media. We found that people feel envy more in the real world than on social media. We also found that people feel envy more on Facebook than on Twitter. However, if we highlighted only people who tend to envy by nature, we found that they feel envy on social media as sensitively as in the real world. Furthermore, we revealed that users and topics to which people envy on social media differ from those in the real world. Finally, we found that envy correlates with many actions on Twitter, but we could not find the same correlation on Facebook. We expect our results develop understanding envy on social media. Keywords: social media, envy, behavioristic psychology, Twitter, Facebook 1. Facebook Twitter 1 Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, , Japan a) yoshida@nishilab.sys.es.osaka-u.ac.jp b) hijikata@sys.es.osaka-u.ac.jp Processing Society of Japan 11
2 [10], [11] [2] [9] [17] [15] [8], [19] RQ1: Facebook Facebook Twitter Facebook [8] Twitter [19] Facebook [3] Twitter [13] Facebook Twitter RQ2: Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter [6], [7] [18] [15] [19] Twitter 91% Facebook [14] RQ3: Facebook Twitter Processing Society of Japan 12
![Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter [6], [7] [18]](/docs-images/47/20500060/images/page_2.jpg "[15] [19] Twitter 91% Facebook [14] RQ3: Facebook Twitter Processing Society")
3 Krasnova Facebook [9] Facebook Tandoc [17] Facebook Facebook Facebook Tandoc [17] Facebook Facebook Twitter Panger Facebook Twitter [12] [4] [1] Panger Twitter Facebook Panger Facebook Twitter Twitter Facebook [15], [16] Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter [15] [17] Facebook Facebook 3.2 Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter Processing Society of Japan 13
![Facebook Twitter Panger Facebook Twitter [12] [4] [1] Panger Twitter Facebook Panger 3.](/docs-images/47/20500060/images/page_3.jpg "3.1 Facebook Twitter Twitter Facebook [15], [16] Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter Facebook")
4 1 4 Twitter Facebook Table 1 Questions asking how users feel envy When we perform a questionnaire, we choose one phrase from those in the parenthesis according to each environment (real world/twitter/facebook). # Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 /Twitter /Facebook /Twitter/Facebook /Twitter /Facebook /Twitter /Facebook 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: Yahoo! Twitter Facebook 2000 Twitter Facebook 2000 Twitter Facebook 528 Twitter Facebook :56.8% :43.2% % % % % % % 47.9% 12.5% 12.0% 10.9% 4.2% 3.6% 3.1% 2.6% 1.6% 1.6% Facebook Twitter Twitter Facebook :Q1 Q2 1:Q3 1:Q4 [12], [16] Facebook Twitter 1 1: 7: Twitter Facebook 4 RE TE FE RE TE FE Twitter Facebook α RE,TE,FE α 2 RE,TE,FE α 0.85 Twitter Facebook Smith [16] Processing Society of Japan 14
5 2 Table 2 RE TE FE α The mean, standard deviation, variance, and coefficient alpha of RE, TE, and FE. α RE TE FE Dispositional Envy Scale:DES *1 DES RE,TE,FE DES DES 8 1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 5 DES DES DES 8 40 Twitter Facebook [15] / Facebook Twitter *1 [20] DES DESC 3 Twitter Facebook status update! 6 URL 5 0: 1: 10: 11: 0: 1: 5: 6:! 1: 7: Processing Society of Japan 15
6 RQ1: RE FE RE TE RE FE RE TE 3 RE FE TE RE FE RE TE t RE FE TE RE FE RE TE RE-TE t = 6.737, p <.001 RE-FE t = 3.350, p <.001 RQ2: Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter TE FE t t TE FE (p <.01) Facebook Twitter Facebook RQ3: Facebook Twitter TE FE 3 RE, TE FE Table 3 Pearson s correlation coefficient across RE, TE, and FE. RE TE FE RE TE FE 1 p < TE FE Table 4 Partial correlation coefficient across actions and envy sensitivity. Bold fonts indicate significant coefficient. TE FE Twitter URL Facebook ! URL p <.1, p <.05, p <.01, p < TE Twitter Processing Society of Japan 16
7 5 RE, TE FE DES Table 5 Pearson s correlation coefficient between DES and each envy score, such as RE, TE, and FE. RE TE FE DES p < DES 25% 25% RE,TE,FE Table 6 Mean of RE, TE, and FE calculated for only top 25% and bottom 25% users of DES. RE TE FE 25% % (p <.05) Facebook p <.05 FE Twitter Facebook (p <.05) Twitter Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter Facebook Facebook [17] Twitter Facebook [15], [16] Twitter Facebook 7 DES 25% 25% RE,TE,FE t Table 7 Paired-t test between across RE, TE, and FE for top 25% and bottom 25% users of DES score. Pair t p value 25% RE-TE RE-FE FE-TE % RE-TE <.001 RE-FE <.001 FE-TE Smith (DES)[16] DES Twitter Facebook RE,TE,FE DES ( 5) DES DES 25% 25% RE,TE,FE 3 t 6 7 t DES 25% RE,TE,FE DES 25% RE TE RE FE RE RE-TE t = 6.660, p <.001 RE-FE t = 5.396, p < Facebook Twitter χ 2 χ 2 = p <.001 χ 2 = p <.001 Processing Society of Japan 17
![05 FE Twitter Facebook (p <.05) Twitter Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter Facebook Facebook [17] Twitter Facebook 5. 3 5.](/docs-images/47/20500060/images/page_7.jpg "1 [15], [16] Twitter Facebook 7 DES 25% 25% RE,TE,FE t Table 7 Paired-t test between across RE, TE, and FE for top 25% and bottom 25% users of DES score. Pair t p value 25% RE-TE 1.224.227 RE-FE 1.")
8 8 Twitter Facebook Table 8 Target user types and topics to which users feel envy with the number of users and the results of residual analysis. Bold fonts indicate significantly more or less than the other two environments. Twitter Facebook N N N / p <.05, p <.01 8 Facebook Twitter [15] Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter [15] Twitter Twitter Twitter Twitter [16] 5.2 [15] Twitter Twitter Facebook Facebook Processing Society of Japan 18
9 Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook t Spearman Twitter Facebook Twitter: r =.343, p <.001, Facebook: r =.314, p <.001 Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook 9 Spearman Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook Twitter 9 Twitter Facebook Table 9 Spearman s rank correlation coefficient between envy sensitivity and the extent to hide envy, and between envy sensitivity and increase of actions with envy on Twitter and Facebook. TE FE p <.001 Facebook 5.3 Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook [15] [5] API Processing Society of Japan 19
10 Facebook Twitter Instagram Flickr LinkedIn Facebook Twitter Twitter Facebook 6. Twitter Facebook Facebook Twitter Twitter Facebook Twitter Facebook 15K12150 [1] Alicke, M. D. and Zell, E.: Upward social comparison and envy, RH Smith, Envy: Theory and Research, pp (2008). [2] Chou, H. G. and Edge, N.: They are happier and having better lives than I am : the impact of using Facebook on perceptions of others lives Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp (2012). [3] Facebook Inc.: Statement of Rights and Responsibilities: Registration and Account Security. [4] Festinger, L.: A theory of social comparison processes, Human Relations, Vol. 7, No. 2, pp (1954). [5] Garcia-Gavilanes, R., Quercia, D. and Jaimes, A.: Cultural dimensions in twitter: Time, individualism and power, Proceedings of International Conference on Web and Social Media, Vol. 13 (2013). [6] Golbeck, J., Robles, C., Edmondson, M. and Turner, K.: Predicting personality from twitter, Privacy, Security, Risk and Trust (PASSAT) and 2011 IEEE Third Inernational Conference on Social Computing (SocialCom), 2011 IEEE Third International Conference on, IEEE, pp (2011). [7] Golbeck, J., Robles, C. and Turner, K.: Predicting personality with social media, CHI 11 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, pp (2011). [8] Joinson, A. N.: Looking at, looking up or keeping up with people?: motives and use of facebook, Proceedings of the SIGCHI conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, pp (2008). [9] Krasnova, H., Wenninger, H., Widjaja, T., Buxmann, P. et al.: Envy on Facebook: A Hidden Threat to Users Life Satisfaction?, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, Vol. 92 (2013). [10] Maier, C., Laumer, S., Eckhardt, A. and Weitzel, T.: When Social Networking Turns to Social Overload: Explaining the stress, Emotional Exhaustion, and Quitting Behavior from Social Network sites Users., ECIS 2012 Proceedings, p. 71 (2012). [11] O Keeffe, G. S., Clarke-Pearson, K. et al.: The impact of social media on children, adolescents, and families, Pediatrics, Vol. 127, No. 4, pp (2011). [12] Panger, G.: Social comparison in social media: a look at facebook and twitter, CHI 14 Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, pp (2014). [13] Peddinti, S. T., Ross, K. W. and Cappos, J.: On the internet, nobody knows you re a dog: a twitter case study of anonymity in social networks, Proceedings of the second edition of the ACM Conference on Online Social Networks, ACM, pp (2014). [14] Pew Research Center: Social media matrix (2015). [15] Smith, R. H. and Kim, S. H.: Comprehending envy., Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 133, No. 1, p. 46 (2007). [16] Smith, R. H., Parrott, W. G., Diener, E. F., Hoyle, R. H. and Kim, S. H.: Dispositional envy, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 25, No. 8, pp (1999). [17] Tandoc, E. C., Ferrucci, P. and Duffy, M.: Facebook use, envy, and depression among college students: Is facebooking depressing?, Computers in Human Behavior, Vol. 43, pp (2015). [18] Tsugawa, S., Kikuchi, Y., Kishino, F., Nakajima, K., Itoh, Y. and Ohsaki, H.: Recognizing Depression from Twitter Activity, Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, ACM, pp (2015). [19] Zhao, D. and Rosson, M. B.: How and why people Twitter: the role that micro-blogging plays in informal communication at work, Proceedings of the ACM 2009 International Conference on Supporting Group Work, ACM, pp (2009). [20],,, Vol. 50, No. 2, pp (2002). Processing Society of Japan 20
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