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1 研究 デトロイト市の破綻と財政再建プロセス 1 犬丸淳 1 はじめに デトロイト市の破綻の背景 City of Detroit (2013) Rhodes (2013) Snyder (2013)
2 ,095 53,482 49, k , Nathan Bomey & John Gallagher, How Detroit Went Broke, Detroit Free Press, September 15, City of Detroit (2013), p
3 , デトロイト市の財政再建プロセス 破産申請に至る経緯 R. R. Snyder Local Financial Stability and Choice Act, Public Act 436 of 2012 Emergency Manager K. K. Orr 破産手続きの経過 S. S. Rhodes Snyder (2013). 13 Rhodes (2013), pp Rhodes (2013), pp Monica Davey, Bankruptcy Lawyer Is Named to Manage an Ailing Detroit, New York Times, March 14, Rhodes (2013), pp Ibid., p City of Detroit (2014a). 133
4 債務調整計画の内容 (1) 概要 (2) 地方債等の取扱い 9 secured claims unsecured claims Distributable State Aid Bond 表 1 デトロイト市の債務調整計画における主要債務の回復率 Rhodes 2014b 20 City of Detroit (2014b). 21 Rhodes (2014a), p City of Detroit (2014c). 23 Rhodes (2014b), p (Ibid., p. 71) 134
5 (3) 年金等の取扱い 破産手続き終了後の状況 (1) 州法に基づく事後監視 Michigan Financial Review Commission Act, Public Act 181 of (2) 地方債市場への復帰 S P 7 A Ibid., pp Ibid., pp Ibid., pp Ibid., pp Ibid., p Ibid., pp Standard & Poor s, Detroit s Series 2014F Revenue Bonds Rated A, July 29, K. Pierog, Detroit s $245 mln bonds priced in first post-bankruptcy issue, Reuters, August 19,
6 デトロイト市の財政再建手法の特徴 4.1 大都市による連邦破産法第 9 章の活用 DC 前例なき債務削減 表 2 近年の米国自治体の破産手続きの所要期間と費用 Gillette & Skeel (2016), pp Kimhi (2008), p b 136
7 4.3 連邦裁判所の積極的関与 破産手続きのスピードとコスト 州による強力な関与と自治権の停止 4 38 表 3 近年の米国自治体破産事例における債務調整の状況 表 4 近年の米国自治体破産事例における州の関与 37 Jacoby (2016) a 137
8 Receiver デトロイト市の財政再建手法をめぐる議論 5.1 連邦破産法第 9 章への批判 9 Moringiello McConnell & Picker Kimhi 2010 Gillette 2012 contagion effect Gillette & Skeel 自治体の財政危機への州の関与のあり方 9 Kimhi 2010 political fragmentation Anderson Kimhi McConnell & Picker (1993), Gillette (2012), Gillette & Skeel (2016). 138
9 1991 Gillette 2014 Kimhi 2012 Anderson 日本への示唆 6.1 日本の健全化法との比較 (1) 日米の自治体財政再建制度の相違点 表 5 日本とミシガン州の自治体財政再建制度 139
10 (2) 健全化法の有効性とミシガン州の問題点 自治体破綻に伴うコストの認識とその回避 Coe (2007) Kimhi (2008, 2010, 2012) Parker (2015) a
11 6.3 財政健全化と地方自治の両立 6.4 症状よりも原因への対処 Anderson, M. W. (2012), Democratic Dissolution: Radical Experimentation in State Takeovers of Local Governments, Fordham Urban Law Journal, Vol. 39, pp City of Detroit (2013), Proposal for Creditors, June 14, City of Detroit (2014a), Plan for the Adjustment of Debts of the City of Detroit, In re City of Detroit, Michigan, February 21, City of Detroit (2014b), Eighth Amended Plan for the Adjustment of Debts of the City of Detroit, In re City of Detroit, Michigan, October 22, City of Detroit (2014c), Notice of (I) Entry of Order Confirming Eighth Amended Plan for the Adjustment of Debts of the City of Detroit and (II) Occurrence of Effective Date, In re City of Detroit, Michigan, December 10, Coe, C. K. (2007), Preventing Local Government Fiscal Crises: The North Carolina Approach, Public Budgeting & Finance, Vol. 27, pp Gillette, C. P. (2012), Fiscal Federalism, Political Will, and Strategic Use of Municipal Bankruptcy, University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 79, pp Gillette, C. P. (2014), Dictatorships for Democracy: Takeovers of Financially Failed Cities, Columbia Law Review, Vol. 114, pp
12 Gillette, C. P. & D. A. Skeel, Jr. (2016), Governance Reform and the Judicial Role in Municipal Bankruptcy, Yale Law Journal, Vol. 125, pp Jacoby, M. B. (2016), Federalism Form and Function in the Detroit Bankruptcy, Yale Journal on Regulation, Vol. 33, pp Kimhi, O. (2008), Reviving Cities: Legal Remedies to Municipal Financial Crises, Boston University Law Review, Vol. 88, pp Kimhi, O. (2010), Chapter 9 of the Bankruptcy Code: A Solution in Search of a Problem, Yale Journal on Regulation, Vol. 27, pp Kimhi, O. (2012), A Tale of Four Cities: Models of State Intervention in Distressed Localities Fiscal Affairs, University of Cincinnati Law Review, Vol. 80, pp McConnell, M. W. & R. C. Picker (1993), When Cities Go Broke: A Conceptual Introduction to Municipal Bankruptcy, University of Chicago Law Review, Vol. 60, pp Moringiello, J. M. (2014), Goals and Governance in Municipal Bankruptcy, Washington and Lee Law Review, Vol. 71, pp Parker, A. C. (2015), Positive Liberty in Public Finance: State Oversight of Local-Government Debt and the North Carolina Model, Campbell Law Review, Vol. 37, pp Rhodes, S. W. (2013), Opinion Regarding Eligibility, In re City of Detroit, Michigan, December 5, Rhodes, S. W. (2014a), Oral Opinion on the Record, In re City of Detroit, Michigan, November 7, Rhodes, S. W. (2014b), Supplemental Opinion Regarding Plan Confirmation, Approving Settlements, and Approving Exit Financing, In re City of Detroit, Michigan, December 31, Snyder, R. (2013), Re: Authorization to Commence Chapter 9 Bankruptcy Proceeding, July 18, PRI Discussion Paper Series No. 06A a b PPP a b a b c PHP Policy Review Vol.9-No Clair Report Clair Report
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