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92 Urban America: Goals and Problems, Materials compiled and prepared for Subcommittee on Urban Affairs of the Joint Economic Committee. Neighborhood Government; the Local Foundations of Political Life, Regulating the Poor; The Function of Public Welfare The Public Interest, Summer The Federated City Participatory Democracy,

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104 A 0 A i a a n a i a i a ni x = x 1t,x 2t,, x nt = 1t 2t nt c= c 1, c 2,, c n D E ( t ' t ) a a n a i a i a ni nn -1 A 0 - x t = A 0 c+a 0 A x t + A 0 A x t + + A 0 A q x t-q + A a n a n a ni a ni a nni i,q n

105 x t = k + B 1 x t + B x t + + B q x t-q + u u t i.i.d.0, u k = A 0 c B i = A 0 Ai i = 1,, q u t =A Eu t u= t u =A E t t A 0 =A 0 DA 0 1t 2t x = k +B L + B L + + B L x + u IBL x = k + u = k +BL x + u x =IB1 k +IBL -1 u = k+ u + u + u + s n t du j j s i x i ij,s x it+s ij,sdx du du it+s jt s i,j jt ujt t x t = IB1 A 0 c + IBL A t = c+ A t + A 0 t + A 0 t + 8 = c+ t + t + t + = c+l t i = i A 0 s n s t d j j s i x i ij,s x it+s ij,sdx d d it+s jt s i,j jt jt x 1t > x t > x nt nn n n n n n n n n n n

106 j jt i x i s ij,s d s i,j jt 0 B q h=0b h s -1-1 x t = c + h= t-h + t-h + sx t+s = c + h= h t+s-h + h t+s-h + t x t+s Ex t+s =c + h=s h t+s-h + h t+s-h + s s- x t+s - Ex 1t+s = h t+s-h + h t+s-h + x t+s - Ex t+s = t+s + t+s- + s- 1t+s-s- + t+s + t+s- + s- t+ + n nt+s + n nt+s- + ns- nt+ s x s 2 s- n 2 n0 n ns- n n n ns RVC ns n s h=

107 pbt yt pbt yt rt mt rt mt pb t y t r t m t t

108 pb y r m pb y r m r m pb y

109 npnn p t x t = pb t y t r t m t A 0 aypb arpb ampb ary amy amr aypbi A i ( i,,q ) arpbi aryi ampbi amyi amri T+h y t - y t y t / h t=t+

110 c cpb cy cr cm pb E () t t t y pbt yt rt mt r m A 0 aypb arpb ampb ary amy amr pbt yt rt mt t A0 cpb cy cr cm A(L) pbt yt rt mt pbt yt rt mt q

111 t a ypb a ry a mr a mpb a my pb t y t r t m t pb t- y t- r t- m t- pb t- y t- r t- m t-

112 A 0 t

113 ypb rpb mpb yr ym rm pbt yt rt mt []pbpb []ypb []rpb []mpb [ IB(1)] 0 []pby []yy []ry []my []pbr []yr []rr []mr []pbm []ym []rm []mm pbt yt rt mt

114 IB 1-1 A -1 0

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117 American Economic Review The Review of Economics and Statistics Handbook of Macroeconomics The American Economic Review Review of Economics and Statistics Money Policy Shocks: What Have We Learned and to what End? Journal of the American Statistical Association Econometrica Econometrica Journal of Monetary Economics Journal of Post Keynesian Economics Journal of Post Keynesian Economics Contemporary money, banking, and financial markets: theory and practice Likelihood-based Inference in Cointegrated Vector Autoregressive Models Journal of Macroeconomics Jouranal

118 of the Japanese and International Economies Journal of Econometrics Stabilizing an unstable economy Journal of the Japanese and International Economies The Japanese Economic Review Review of Economic Studies Biometrika Journal of Post Keynesian Economics Brookings Papers on Economic Activity Credit, Money and Production The Quarterly Journal of Economics Waseda Economic Studies Journal of Post Keynesian Economics Money and credit in capitalist economies: the endogenous money approach Journal of Economic Issues

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untitled 2007 2 * (i) (ii) 2006 7 1999 2 2000 8 1 (2003) Oda and Ueda (2005) 2005 Kimura and Small(2006) Iwamura, Shiratsuka and Watanabe (2006) (2006) 3 (i) (ii) (iii) 2 2 3 4 2.1 (2003) (2005) 1) (i) (ii) (i)