Table 1 APQ a PBI b PS c PBeI d Kawabata et al. e a Alabama Parenting Questionnaire b PBI Parental Bonding Instrument c Parenting Scale d Pare

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1 , parenting behaviors, parenting practice, parenting style, parental discipline, parental attitudes parenting parental attitudes Galambos, Barker, & Almeida, 2003; Morris et al., 2002 Krevans & Gibbs, 1996 Falk & Lee, 2012; O Leary, Slep, & Reid, 1999 Briesmeister & Schaefer, 2007

2 Table 1 APQ a PBI b PS c PBeI d Kawabata et al. e a Alabama Parenting Questionnaire b PBI Parental Bonding Instrument c Parenting Scale d Parent Behavior Inventory e Parker, Tupling, & Brown 1979 Parental Bonding Instrument PBI1995 PBI 2010 Parenting Scale PS Arnold, O Leary, Wolff, & Acker, 1993 Forehand et al., Table 1 Alabama Parenting Questionnaire APQ Shelton, Frick, & Wootton, APQ PBI Parker et al., 1979 PBI 2 3 Murphy, Brewin, & Silka, 1997 APQ PS Arnold et al., 1993 Lovejoy, Weis, O Hare, & Rubin 1999 Parent Behavior Inventory PBI PBeI

3 223 APQ PBI Table 1 Kawabata, Alink, Tseng, van Ijzendoorn, & Crick APQ PBI Table 1 7 Table Positive and Negative Parenting Scale PNPS 7 PBI PBeI Kawabata et al Falk & Lee 2012 APQ Forehand et al 関与肯定的応答性見守り意思の尊重過干渉非一貫性厳しい叱責体罰一次因子モデル肯定的心理的統制関与肯定的応答性見守り意思の尊重過干渉非一貫性厳しい叱責体罰 Kawabata et al.(2011) のモデル肯定的養育否定的養育関与肯定的応答性見守り意思の尊重過干渉非一貫性厳しい叱責体罰本研究のモデル Figure Forehand et al., 2012; Latzman, Elkovitch, & Clark, 2009 Bjorknes & Manger, Figure 1 Kawabata et al

4 PNPS Galambos et al., 2003; Hipwell et al., 2008; Morris et al., 2002 Krevans & Gibbs, 1996 Rapee, 1997 Kawabata et al., 2011 Krevans & Gibbs, 1996 Galambos et al., 2003; Hipwell et al., 2008 Falk & Lee, 2012; Hipwell et al., 2008 PNPS 1 3 7,208 6, Table 2 Table ,636 3,572 7, PNPS APQ Shelton et al., 1996 PBI Parker et al., 1979 PS Arnold et al., 1993 PBeI Lovejoy et al., Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire SDQ Goodman, 1997 SDQ SDQ

5 225 PNPS SDQ 101 Mplus Version 7 Muthen & Muthen PASW Statistics 18.0 SPSS Table 3 χ 2 CFI PCFI RMSEA SRMR AIC 6 χ 2 CFI incremental fit index.90 Bentler & Bonnet, 1980 CFI RMSEA.158 Kenny, 2012 RMSEA CFI RMSEA SRMR absolute fit index RMSEA.06 SRMR.08 Hu & Bentler, 1998 AIC Table 3 df CFI RMSEA SRMR AIC PCFI Kawabata et al

6 PCFI CFI PCFI Table PCFI CFI SRMR PCFI 2 1 PNPS 6 6 RMSEA.049 SRMR Figure 1 6 Kawabata et al Table 3 Kawabata et al PCFI 6 RMSEA.049 SRMR.048 Table α Table 4 6 α α 2.84 α Table SD 0.5SD 0.8SD Cohen, SD SD SD SD SD 0.3SD Table 6 PNPS SDQ 3 4

7 227 Table 4 α α.843 α PTA α α α.844 α α α

8 Table M SD M SD M SD M SD M SD M SD Table 6 SDQ PNPS SDQ a a PNPS 6 Kawabata et al Kawabata et al Forehand et al., 2012; Latzman et al., Kawabata et al Kawabata et al Kawabata et al

9 229 childcentered Table PNPS 6 2 α PNPS Falk & Lee, 2012; Galambos et al., 2003; Hipwell et al., 2008; Krevans & Gibbs, 1996; Morris et al., 2002 PNPS Kawabata et al Rapee 1997 α r.395 r.324 r.319 Rapee 1997 PNPS

10 Hipwell et al., PNPS Arnold, D.S., O Leary, S.G., Wolff, L.S., & Acker, M.M The Parenting Scale: A measure of dysfunctional parenting in discipline situations. Psychological Assessment, 5, Bentler, P.M., & Bonnet, D.G Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 107, Bjorknes, R., & Manger, T Can parent training alter parent practice and reduce conduct problems in ethnic minority children? A randomized controlled trial. Prevention Science, 14, Briesmeister, J.M., & Schaefer, C.E Handbook of parent training. 3rd ed.. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Cohen, J Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 2nd ed.. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Earlbaum Associates. Falk, A.E., & Lee, S.S Parenting behavior and conduct problems in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder ADHD : Moderation by callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 34, Forehand, R., Thigpen, J.C., Parent, J., Hardcastle, E.J., Bettis, A., & Compas, B.E The role of parent depressive symptoms in positive and negative parenting in a preventive intervention. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, Galambos, N. L., Barker, E. T., & Almeida, D. M Parents do matter: Trajectories of change in externalizing and internalizing problems in early adolescence. Child Development, 74, Goodman, R The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A research note. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 38, Hipwell, A., Keenan, K., Kasza, K., Loeber, R., Stouthamer-Loeber, M., & Bean, T Reciprocal influences between girls conduct problems and depression, and parental punishment and warmth: A six year prospective analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psychological Methods, 3, Parenting Scale 81, Kawabata, Y., Alink, L. R. A., Tseng, W. L., van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Crick, N. R Maternal and paternal parenting styles associated with relational aggression in children and adolescents: A conceptual analysis and meta-analytic review. Developmental Review, 31, Kenny, D.A Measuring model fit. David A. Kenny s Homepag Krevans, J., & Gibbs, J. C Parent s use of inductive discipline: Relations to children s empathy and prosocial behavior. Child Development, 67, Latzman, R. D., Elkovitch, N., & Clark, L.A Predicting parenting practices from maternal and adolescent sons personality. Journal of Research in Personality, 43, Lovejoy, M.C., Weis, R., O Hare, E., & Rubin, E.C Development and initial validation of the parent behavior inventory. Psychological Assessment, 11, ADHD

11 231 22, Morris, A.S., Silk, J. S., Steinberg, L., Sessa, F.M., Avenevoli, S., & Essex, M.J Temperamental vulnerability and negative parenting as interacting predictors of child adjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64, Murphy, E., Brewin, C.R., & Silka, L The assessment of parenting using the Parental Bonding Instrument: Two or three factors? Psychological Medicine, 27, , O Leary, S.G., Slep, A.M.S., & Reid, M.J A longitudinal study of mothers overreactive discipline and toddlers externalizing behavior. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 27, Parker, G., Tupling, H., & Brown, L. B Parental Bonding Instrument. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 52, Rapee, R. M Potential role of childrearing practices in the development of anxiety and depression. Clinical Psychology Review, 17, Shelton, K. K., Frick, P. J., & Wootton, J Assessment of parenting practices in families of elementary school-age children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 25, Ito, Hiroyuki Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Nakajima, Syunji Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Mochizuki, Naoto Support Center for Campus Life, Osaka University, Takayanagi, Nobuya Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Tanaka, Yoshihiro Department of Community Child Education, Nara Saho College, Matsumoto, Kaori Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Ohtake, Satoko Department of Early Childhood Education, College of Nagoya Women s University, Harada, Shin Faculty of Integrated Arts and Sciences, University of Tokushima, Noda, Wataru Research Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine & Tsujii, Masatsugu School of Contemporary Sociology, Chukyo University. Development of the Positive and Negative Parenting Scale PNPS : Factor Structure and Construct Validity. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014, Vol.25, No.3, This study identified 7 subordinate concepts of parenting behaviors involvement, positive responsivity, monitoring, respect for will, overprotection, inconsistency, and harsh discipline based on factor structures of existing scales and findings from a meta-analysis. It also developed an inclusive scale to evaluate all of these concepts. Confirmatory factor analysis on a large dataset from 7,208 children grades 1 to 9 supported a 6-factor model where Involvement and Monitoring were integrated, suggesting that the scale can generally be evaluated, assumed subordinate concepts of parenting. A second-order factor model, wherein these 6 factors were assumed to be explained by 2 second-order factors Positive Parenting and Negative Parenting, was superior to a model based on expert classifications and the first-order factor model which did not assume second-order factors in terms of fit and parsimony. Consistent with previous findings, Positive Parenting and its subscales correlated with children s prosocial behavior and externalizing problems. Negative Parenting and its subscales correlated with children s internalizing and externalizing problems. These results substantiated the construct validity of the scale. Keywords Parenting behaviors, Parental attitudes, Factor structure, Prosocial behaviors, Problem behaviors

研究論集Vol.16-No.2.indb

研究論集Vol.16-No.2.indb Vol. No. pp. - SSTSST SST Eriko HARADA This study was aimed at students with hearing impairments to improve their social skills and self-esteem by putting social skills training SSTinto practice and discussing