名称未設定

Size: px
Start display at page:

Download "名称未設定"

Transcription

1 ! = ( u v w = u i u = u 1 u u 3 u = ( u 1 u = ( u v = u i! 11! 1! 13 % T = $! 1!! 3 ' =! ij #! 31! 3! 33 & 1 0 0%! ij = $ ' # 0 0 1& # % 1! ijm = $ 1 & % 0 (i, j,m = (1,,3, (, 3,1, (3,1, (i, j,m = (1,3,, (,1,3, (3,,1 i = j or j = m or m = i A! B = A i B i = A 1 B 1 + A B + A 3 B 3 A! B = ijm A j B m = A B 3 # A 3 B A 3 B 1 # A 1 B 3 A 1 B # A B 1 A 1 B 1 A 1 B A 1 B 3 % A! B = A i B j = $ A B 1 A B A B 3 ' # A 3 B 1 A 3 B A 3 B 3 &

2 #! = % & # ( = % & $ x 1 x x 3 ' $ x y z' = x i! = x + y + z = x j x j #! = % & ( # = % & $ x 1 x ' $ x y' = x i gradf =!F = F # = % F F F & x i $ x y z ' divg =! G = #G i = #G 1 #x i #x + #G #y + #G 3 #z $G rotg =! G =# m & ijm = ( $G 3 $x j $y % $G $G 1 $z $z % $G 3 $G $x $x % $G 1 ' $y *!F dxdydz = (M x M x+ dydz + (M y M y+ dzdx + (M z M z+ dxdy + Sdxdydz!F = M x+ M x dx M y+ M y dy M z+ M z dz + S =! M x x! M y y! M z z + S

3 !F =!M j + S y dz dy dx x z F =! M j =!u j S = 0! = #!u j! = const!u j = 0 F i =!u i

4 M ij =!u i u j # ij S i = f i!u i = #!u i u j +!$ ij + f i %! ij = p# ij + µ ' s ij 1 $u m ( # & 3 $x ij * m s ij = 1!u i +!u j % $ '!x # j!x i &!u i!u i = #!u i u j #!p + µ! % ' s!x i!x ij # 1 j & 3 =!u i u j! p!x i # + µ! u i + f i # # p! p, # = µ, f i! f i!u i =!u i u j!p!x i +#! u i + f i!u m ( $!x ij * + fi m F =!e + 1!u m u m M j =!eu j + 1!u m u m u j # jm u m + q j S = 0!e +! # 1 u m u % $ m & = '!eu j '! # 1 u m u m u % $ j& +!( jm u m '!q j q j =! #T #x j!e +! # 1 u m u % $ m & = '!eu j '! # 1 u m u m u % $ j& '!pu j +µ! # % s m u m 1 j $ 3!u n & u (! T + n '

5 F = T M j = Tu j + q j S = 0!T =!Tu j!q j!t = u j!t +#! T!u j = 0!u i +!u i u j =!p!x i +#! u i!!! V dv #F =!! SdSF # n!u i + u j!u i =!p!x i +#! u i D Dt =! + u! j

6 !u i = s ij # ij s ij = 1!u i +!u j % $ '!x # j!x i &! ij = 1 $ u j # u ' & i x % i x j ( #u! i = m % ijm = ' #w #x j #y $ #v #u #z #z $ #w #v #x #x $ #u ( & #y! i = ijm! jm! ij = 1 ijm! m!u i + ijm # j u m = $! % p + 1!x i u j u ' & j( +! u i! p!x i!x i =!u j!x i!u i = s ij s ij # ij # ij!p = A D! i Dt =! j u i x j +#! i x j x j

7 D! i Dt =! j s ij + #! i #x j #x j r! = rotu i e = roth H(x = 1 # 4! d3 x u(x, t = 1 # 4! d3 x i e ( x $ (x % x x % x 3!(x = 0 r $ ( x,t % (x & x + grad&(x x & x 3 + grad'(x, t!(x, t = 0 1 u i u i 1! i! i u i! i Re =!u i u j! u i = UL

8 ! f!x < 0! f!x > 0 Case1 Case

9 F i = F! i1 0 = F i +! u i y u i = F (! L y # i1 L U c = FL!!u i +!u i u j =!p + 1! u i +!x i Re Re # i1!u j = 0 u i L y = ( 1! y i1 x -L z u i p u! i p!

10 ! u i +!u i u j! u j = 0 +! u i u j +! u i u j = #! p + 1! u i!x i Re! u i +!u i u j! u j = 0 +! u i u j = #! p + 1! u i!x i Re Lf (x,! = # dt f (x,te $ 0 f (x, t = 1 const+ i$ % const#i$!i d Lf (x, e t!l u i + #u i L u j + #L u i u j + #L p $ 1 # L u i = 0 #x j #x j #x i Re #x j #x j!! M u i (x, t! f i (xe M t Re(! M < 0 Re(! M = 0 Re(! M > 0 L v!( x,y,z, = e i k xx+ i k z z #( k x, y, k z,! # % u! i &# (% d $ k x ' dy! k x &! k $ z (! du ' dy = 1 # % d ik x Re dy! k x &! k $ z '

11 ! k x k z Re! = 0 k x = 1.0 k z = 0 Re cr = k x STABLE UNSTABLE Re

12 !1! 1!1! !1! 1!1! 0.5 0!!1!+! !!1!+!1!!1!

13 u t K t 0 15!# $%&' #$ $#% 10 $#$ 5!$#% 0 (#!#$ !#$!$#% $#$ $#% #$

14 !# $(' $%&' y + = u! y U + = y + U + =.45log y U + = U u!

15 U y+ u i (x, t =!!! d 3 ke ikx u i (k,t K = d 3 1!!! x u i (x, tu i (x, t =! dk E( k E( k =!k u i (k,t u i (k, t 1x10 0 1x10-1 1x10-1x10-3 1x10-4 1x10-5 1x10-6 1x10-7 1x10-8 1x10-9 1x x x10-1 1x k E(k

16 !! k K =!1/ 4 #3/4 l K =! #1/4 $ 3/4 E( k =! 5/4 1/4 f k / k K E( k = C K! /3 k 5/3 C K E(k!#$% &'( *+,( -.(! k 5/ 3 k Pdf (u = 1 $ u exp & ' #! % (

17 < uuu >= 0< uuuu >= 3 < uu >

18 !u i +!u i u j =!p!x i + #! u i!u j = 0! I = K 3/!! K =! 3/4 #1/4 N =! K = K 3/! I! 3/4 3/4 = Re3/4 Re = K! N 3 = Re 9/4

19 E(k!#$% &'( *+,( -.(! k 5/ 3 /0( k GS u i ( x, t = d 3 x! G( x, x!u i ( x!, t SGS u i ( x, t = GS ui ( x, t! u i ( x, t G( x = 6 $ 6x exp %#! & sin #!x & G( x $ ' = % (!x G( x = $ 1 &! x! % 0 x #! ' & ' (!u i GS +!u i GS GS u j =!pgs +#! GS u i!x i!$ GS

20 !u j GS = 0! GS GS = u i u j GS GS ui uj = Lij + C ij + R ij L ij = u i GS GS u GS GS GS j! u i uj C ij = u i GS SGS u GS SGS GS j + u GS i uj R ij = u i SGS SGS u GS j E(k!#$% &'( *+,( -.( FILTER! k 5/ 3 /0( k

21 L ij = 0 C ij = 0 R ij = 3 KSGS! ij # SGS % GS $u i + $u j ' & $x j $x i! SGS = C S 1 GS ( * $ GS #u i + #u GS j ' $ & #u i GS + #u GS j ' & % #x j #x i (% #x j #x i ( L ij = 0 C ij = 0 R ij = 3 KSGS! ij # SGS % GS $u i + $u j ' & $x j $x i! SGS = C! K SGS 1/ GS ( * DK SGS Dt =! 1 R # GS u i ij + u j % $ x j x i GS & (! SGS + D SGS '! SGS = C! K SGS3/ + # $ Ks $x j $ K s $x j!ksgs D SGS =! $ C!x d K SGS 1/ % + # j & ' (

22 ! ij = u i u j u i u j! T ij = u i u j! ui u j l ij = T ij!!!! ij = u i u j! ui u! ui u j + ui u j = ui!! u j! ui u T ij = C!! S S! ij! ij = C S S ij C = l ij S ij!! S S! ij S ij! S S ijsij f = F + f! f = F F = F f! = 0!u i! u i +!u i u j =!p!x i +#! u i +! u i u j =! p!x i +#! u i

23 !U i +! u i u j =!P +#! U i!x i u i u j = U i U j + U i u! j + u i! U j + u i!! = U i U j +U i u! j + u i! U j + u i! u! j = U i U j + u! i u! j!u i u j +!U i U j +! u i u j = #!P +$! U i!x i!u j = 0 u i! u! j!u i +! u i +!U i U j +!U i u j +! u i U j!u j +! u j = 0 +! u i u j = #!P #! p!x i!x i + $! U i! u i +! u i U j +! u i u j #! u i u j = #! p +$! u i!x i +!U i u j! u j = 0 +$! u i D 1 Dt # u i! u! i $ % = & u! i u! j 'U i &( ' u i! ' u i! 'x j 'x j 'x j & ' 1 * 'x j # u i! u i! u! j + ij p!! u i & ( ' 1 'x j u! i u i! $ + % D u i! u! j Dt = u! j u m! #U i u! #x i! m u m #U j + p! # u! j + p! # u i! $ # u! # u! i j #x m #x i #x j #x m #x m! u i # u # j u m #! p # u # j! p # u i # +$ u # i u # j x m x i x j x m x m

24 !#$% *+,( -.( E(k &'(! k 5/ 3 /0( k u i! u! j = 3 K # $ & %U i ij T + %U j ( ' %x j %x + i *

25 ! T = 0.09 K!K + U!K j = P K # +!,. & $ + $ T - ' ( /. % K!K 0. * + 1.! + U! j = 1.44 K P # 1.9 K K +!,. & $ + $ T - ' ( /. %! 0. * + 1. P K =! u i u j #U i #x j! u i u j! u i u j + U m = P ij + # ij $ % ij +!!x m -/ ' K. & + C DH!x m ( % 0/ u m u l * +,! u i u j!x / 1/ 3/ P ij =! u i u m #U j! u j u m #x m #U i #x m, &! ij # ij = # C 1 a ij + C 1 $ a im a mj 1 3 a a / - lm ' ( ml% ij * C P a + C K & U i K ij 3 ( ' x j + U j x i + *! 3 ij # +C 4 K a im S mj + a jm S mi! 3 a S & lm $ % ml ij ' ( + C 5 K a im W mj + a jm W mi! + U! j = 1.44 K P # 1.9 K K +!,. & $ + $ T - ' ( /. %! 0. * + 1.!x f (x +!x = f (x +!x f x +!x f x +!x3 3 # f 6 x +! =!x $ m m f 3 m! x m m=0

26 !u c!u!x = 0!u = u n+1 n i u i #t! u #t!!u!x = u n n i+1 u i #x #x u i n+1! u i n t! c u n n i+1! u i x! u!x! = t #!x,0 ## # 0 # u #t! cx # u #x! = O(t,x!( t = f ( ( t!( t n! t n+1 #t!( t n+1 =! t n ( = f!( t l + tf! t l l = n l = n +1

27 =!( t n + tf!( t n! t n+1! ( t n+1! ( t n #t! t n f (! ( t n = + #t $! ( t n = 1 # t n! t n+1 # 1! ( t n+1 =! ( t n + 3 tf! ( t n! ( t n! t n = = #t + t #! ( t n + 1 f (! ( t n1 3 f! ( t n #t 1 # ( t n + 1 t 3 # t n 3 = # ( t n +! = O ( t 3 $t + 1 #t $! ( t n #t t +! = O n#1 tf (! ( t + 1 t #! ( t n + 1 #t t # 3! ( t n 3 +!$! ( t n #t 3 $ 3 t! t 3 $ 1! ( t n+1 =! ( t n tf! t n # ( t n t ( # 59 4 t + 1 %' # t n & (' + 37 n#1 tf! ( t $t +!! t n #! ( t n + 1 #t $! ( t n $t #! ( t n$1 #t $ # ( t n + 1 t 3 # ( t n 4 n# tf (! ( t # 9 4 ' +! * t 3 +' n#3 tf (! ( t

28 tf (!( tn! * =!( t n + 1!( t n+1 =!( t n + tf (! *! * =! t n + tf!( t n!( t n+1 =!( t n + 1! 1 =! t n! =! t n + tf!( t n + tf! 3 =!( t n + tf t{ f (! ( tn + f (! * } +! 1 #! t n % $ +! #! t n % $! 4 =!( t n + tf (! 3 & ( ' & ( '!( t n+1 = 1 ( 6!1 +! +! 3 +! 4 =!( t n + tf!( t n+1! t n+1 #tf!( t n +1! t n+1! ( t n+1! ( t n #t =! t n! ( t n+1! ( t n+1 #t f (! ( t n+1 = =! 1 t # $ t n+1 n+1 $! ( t $t #t #t +! = O t 1 #t $! ( t n+1 $t +! n+1 $! ( t $t =!( t n + 1! t n+1 { ( + f (!( t n+1 } t f! tn

29 !( t n+1 1! ( t n! t n+1! t n = = = #t + t #! ( t n #tf (!( tn+1 =!( t n f (! ( t n+1 1 f! ( t n #t + 1 t #! ( t n t 1 # ( t n + 1 t 3 # ( t n 3 1 # ( t n + 1 t 3 # ( t n 3 = # ( t n +! = O ( t 3 #t +!$! t n +! t ! t #tf (! ( tn $ 1 # ( t n $ 1 t # ( t n t #! ( t n $ 1 #t # ( t n+1 t t $ 1 %' # t n & (' #! ( t n+1 #t + # ( t n + 1 t 3 # ( t n ' +! * t 3 +'

30 !u i!u j = 0 = u j!u i!p!x i +#! u i = u i ( x m,t u i x m +!e m,t u i ( x,t = # # # û i ( k,t e ik x x+ik y y+ik z z p x,t k x =! k y =! k z =! = ˆp ( k,t # # # e ik x x+ik y y+ik z z k x =! k y =! k z =! d dt +!k $ u # % ˆ 'u i = &ik i p ˆ & u i j 'x j i k ju ˆ j = 0

31 ˆ f i! u j #u i #x j d dt +!k $ u # % ˆ i = &ik i p ˆ + ˆ f i i ki i k d i # dt +!k $ u % ˆ i = &ik i i k i p ˆ + i k ˆ i f i p ˆ =! i k i k ˆ f i d dt +!k $ u # % ˆ i = ˆ f i & k i k j k ˆ f j ˆ f i! ik j # m +n =k ˆ u ˆ j m,t u i n,t u ˆ j u j u j!u i u j!u i i k ju ˆ i!u i

32 e w n s t b! = dx dy dz!u +!uu!x +!uv!y +!uw!z =!p!x +#! u!x +#! u!y +#! u!z!u P dxdydz + ( u e u e u w u w dydz + ( u n v n u s v s dxdz + ( u t w t u b w b dxdy $ = ( p e p w dydz +#!u!u ' $ & dydz +#!u!u ' $ & dxdz +#!u!u ' & dxdy %!x e!x w ( %!y n!y s ( %!z t!z b (!u = u E u P!x e dx!u P dxdydz + ( u e u e u w u w dydz + ( u n v n u s v s dxdz + ( u t w t u b w b dxdy = ( p e p w dydz +# ( u E u P + u W dydz dx + # ( u N u P + u S dxdz dy + # ( u T u P + u B dxdy dz t w s P n e dz b dy dx

33 u e u e! u e old ue! old u e ue = u P, u e old > 0 old # u E, u e < 0 u e old ue = u e old u P + u E old u e ue = 3u E / 8 + 3u P / 4! u W / 8, u e old > 0 # old $!u EE / 8 + 3u E / 4 + 3u P / 8, u e < 0 x-dx x-dx x x+dx x+dx u(x + dx = u(x + dx!u!x +! u dx!x + 4dx3! 3 u 3!x + dx4 3 3! 4 u!x + 4dx5! 5 u 4 15!x + 4dx6! 6 u 5 45!x +! 6

34 !u u(x + dx = u(x + dx!x + dx! u!x + dx3! 3 u 6!x + dx4 3 4 u(x = u(x u(x! dx = u(x! dx u x + dx u x! dx3 3 u 6 x + dx4 3 4 u(x! dx = u(x! dx u x + u dx x! 4dx3 3 u 3 x + dx4 3 3! 4 u!x + dx5! 5 u 4 10!x + dx6! 6 u 5 70!x +! 6 4 u x! dx5 5 u 4 10 x + dx6 6 u 5 70 x +! 6 4 u x! 4dx5 5 u 4 15 x + 4dx6 6 u 5 45 x +! 6 u(x + dx! u(x dx u(x! u(x! dx dx u(x + dx! u(x! dx dx = u x + dx u x +! = u x! dx u x +! = u x + dx 3 u 1 x +! 3!u(x + dx + 6u(x + dx! 3u(x! u(x! dx 6dx u(x + dx + 3u(x! 6u(x! dx + u(x! dx 6dx!u(x + dx + 8u(x + dx! 8u(x! dx + u(x! dx 1dx = u x! dx3 4 u 1 x +! 4 = u x + dx3 4 u 1 x +! 4 = u x! dx u x 5 +! u(x + dx! u(x + u(x! dx dx = u x + dx 4 u 1 x +! 4!u(x + dx + 16u(x + dx! 30u(x + 16u(x! dx! u(x! dx 1dx = u x! dx u x 6 +!

35 !u =!uu!x + #! u!x!uu!x u!u!x! dx uu x = [ uu] B = 0 B1 u!u!x = # u(x % $ % u(x &% u(x u(x dx dx u(x + dx u(x dx = u(x!!u(x + dxu(x dxu(x u(x! u(x! dx dx! u!x +!! u!x +!!u # = $ u(x u(x % u(x u(x dx!u dx!u = u!x + (# + dx u! u!x +! u(x > 0 u(x < 0 u(x + dx! u(x + ( u(x! u(x + dx u dx + ( u(x u(x u(x + dx u(x dx & ' ( +! u!x u x +!

36 u!u u(x + dx u(x dx = u(x dx u(x! 3 u!x dx 6!x +! 3!u = u(x u(x + dx u(x dx dx!u + #! u!x!u = u!x + #! u!x dx u! 3 u 6!x +! 3!uu!x = u (x + dx u (x dx dx! 3 uu +! dx 1!x 3!u = u (x + dx u (x dx + #! u dx!x!u =!uu!x + #! u!x + dx! 3 uu +! 1!x 3

37 u!u u(x + dx + 8u(x + dx 8u(x dx + u(x dx = u(x!x 6dx u(x + dx 4u(x + dx + 6u(x 4u(x dx + u(x dx + # u(x dx + dx3 # u(x! 4 u!x dx4 u(x! 5 u 4 15!x +! 5 u!u u(x + dx + 8u(x + dx 8u(x dx + u(x dx = u(x dx4 u(x! 5 u!x 6dx 15!x +! 5

II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2

II No.01 [n/2] [1]H n (x) H n (x) = ( 1) r n! r!(n 2r)! (2x)n 2r. r=0 [2]H n (x) n,, H n ( x) = ( 1) n H n (x). [3] H n (x) = ( 1) n dn x2 e dx n e x2 II No.1 [n/] [1]H n x) H n x) = 1) r n! r!n r)! x)n r r= []H n x) n,, H n x) = 1) n H n x) [3] H n x) = 1) n dn x e dx n e x [4] H n+1 x) = xh n x) nh n 1 x) ) d dx x H n x) = H n+1 x) d dx H nx) = nh

More information

( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c) yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1

( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c)   yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1 2009 1 ( ) ( 40 )+( 60 ) 1 1. 2. Schrödinger 3. (a) (b) (c) http://goofy.phys.nara-wu.ac.jp/ yoshioka/education-09.html pdf 1 1. ( photon) ν λ = c ν (c = 3.0 108 /m : ) ɛ = hν (1) p = hν/c = h/λ (2) h

More information

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4

) ] [ h m x + y + + V x) φ = Eφ 1) z E = i h t 13) x << 1) N n n= = N N + 1) 14) N n n= = N N + 1)N + 1) 6 15) N n 3 n= = 1 4 N N + 1) 16) N n 4 1. k λ ν ω T v p v g k = π λ ω = πν = π T v p = λν = ω k v g = dω dk 1) ) 3) 4). p = hk = h λ 5) E = hν = hω 6) h = h π 7) h =6.6618 1 34 J sec) hc=197.3 MeV fm = 197.3 kev pm= 197.3 ev nm = 1.97 1 3 ev

More information

1.2 y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = 0 (1) y 1 (x), y 2 (x) y 1 (x), y 2 (x) (1) y(x) c 1, c 2 y(x) = c 1 y 1 (x) + c 2 y 2 (x) 3 y 1 (x) y 1 (x) e R P (x)dx y 2

1.2 y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = 0 (1) y 1 (x), y 2 (x) y 1 (x), y 2 (x) (1) y(x) c 1, c 2 y(x) = c 1 y 1 (x) + c 2 y 2 (x) 3 y 1 (x) y 1 (x) e R P (x)dx y 2 1 1.1 R(x) = 0 y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = R(x)...(1) y + P (x)y + Q(x)y = 0...(2) 1 2 u(x) v(x) c 1 u(x)+ c 2 v(x) = 0 c 1 = c 2 = 0 c 1 = c 2 = 0 2 0 2 u(x) v(x) u(x) u (x) W (u, v)(x) = v(x) v (x) 0 1 1.2

More information

n ξ n,i, i = 1,, n S n ξ n,i n 0 R 1,.. σ 1 σ i .10.14.15 0 1 0 1 1 3.14 3.18 3.19 3.14 3.14,. ii 1 1 1.1..................................... 1 1............................... 3 1.3.........................

More information

n Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x) 1 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) 0 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) = Y 1 (x)... Y n (x) Y 1(x)... Y n(x) (x)... Y n (n 1) (x) Y (n 1)

n Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x) 1 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) 0 W (Y 1 (x),..., Y n (x)) = Y 1 (x)... Y n (x) Y 1(x)... Y n(x) (x)... Y n (n 1) (x) Y (n 1) D d dx 1 1.1 n d n y a 0 dx n + a d n 1 y 1 dx n 1 +... + a dy n 1 dx + a ny = f(x)...(1) dk y dx k = y (k) a 0 y (n) + a 1 y (n 1) +... + a n 1 y + a n y = f(x)...(2) (2) (2) f(x) 0 a 0 y (n) + a 1 y

More information

A

A A05-132 2010 2 11 1 1 3 1.1.......................................... 3 1.2..................................... 3 1.3..................................... 3 2 4 2.1............................... 4 2.2

More information

ii p ϕ x, t = C ϕ xe i ħ E t +C ϕ xe i ħ E t ψ x,t ψ x,t p79 やは時間変化しないことに注意 振動 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる p35 D.3 Aψ Cϕdx = aψ ψ C Aϕ dx

ii p ϕ x, t = C ϕ xe i ħ E t +C ϕ xe i ħ E t ψ x,t ψ x,t p79 やは時間変化しないことに注意 振動 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる 粒子はだいたい このあたりにいる p35 D.3 Aψ Cϕdx = aψ ψ C Aϕ dx i B5 7.8. p89 4. ψ x, tψx, t = ψ R x, t iψ I x, t ψ R x, t + iψ I x, t = ψ R x, t + ψ I x, t p 5.8 π π π F e ix + F e ix + F 3 e 3ix F e ix + F e ix + F 3 e 3ix dx πψ x πψx p39 7. AX = X A [ a b c d x

More information

v er.1/ c /(21)

v er.1/ c /(21) 12 -- 1 1 2009 1 17 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 2 2 2 1-5 1 1-6 1 1-7 1-1 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-5 1-6 1-7 c 2011 1/(21) 12 -- 1 -- 1 1--1 1--1--1 1 2009 1 n n α { n } α α { n } lim n = α, n α n n ε n > N n α < ε N {1, 1,

More information

(1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10)

(1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10) 2017 12 9 4 1 30 4 10 3 1 30 3 30 2 1 30 2 50 1 1 30 2 10 (1) (2) (3) (4) HB B ( ) (5) (6) (7) 40 (8) (9) (10) (1) i 23 c 23 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 a b d e f g h i (2) 23 23 (3) 23 ( 23 ) 23 x 1 x 2 23 x

More information

Chap11.dvi

Chap11.dvi . () x 3 + dx () (x )(x ) dx + sin x sin x( + cos x) dx () x 3 3 x + + 3 x + 3 x x + x 3 + dx 3 x + dx 6 x x x + dx + 3 log x + 6 log x x + + 3 rctn ( ) dx x + 3 4 ( x 3 ) + C x () t x t tn x dx x. t x

More information

Morse ( ) 2014

Morse ( ) 2014 Morse ( ) 2014 1 1 Morse 1 1.1 Morse................................ 1 1.2 Morse.............................. 7 2 12 2.1....................... 12 2.2.................. 13 2.3 Smale..............................

More information

p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ

p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ II p = mv p x > h/4π λ = h p m v Ψ 2 Ψ Ψ Ψ 2 0 x P'(x) m d 2 x = mω 2 x = kx = F(x) dt 2 x = cos(ωt + φ) mω 2 = k ω = m k v = dx = -ωsin(ωt + φ) dt = d 2 x dt 2 0 y v θ P(x,y) θ = ωt + φ ν = ω [Hz] 2π

More information

= π2 6, ( ) = π 4, ( ). 1 ( ( 5) ) ( 9 1 ( ( ) ) (

= π2 6, ( ) = π 4, ( ). 1 ( ( 5) ) ( 9 1 ( ( ) ) ( + + 3 + 4 +... π 6, ( ) 3 + 5 7 +... π 4, ( ). ( 3 + ( 5) + 7 + ) ( 9 ( ( + 3) 5 + ) ( 7 + 9 + + 3 ) +... log( + ), ) +... π. ) ( 3 + 5 e x dx π.......................................................................

More information

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x

x () g(x) = f(t) dt f(x), F (x) 3x () g(x) g (x) f(x), F (x) (3) h(x) = x 3x tf(t) dt.9 = {(x, y) ; x, y, x + y } f(x, y) = xy( x y). h (x) f(x), F (x [ ] IC. f(x) = e x () f(x) f (x) () lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (3) lim f(x) lim f(x) x + x (4) y = f(x) ( ) ( s46). < a < () a () lim a log xdx a log xdx ( ) n (3) lim log k log n n n k=.3 z = log(x + y ),

More information

Part () () Γ Part ,

Part () () Γ Part , Contents a 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 7 7. 8.. 8.. 8.3. 8 Part. 9. 9.. 9.. 3. 3.. 3.. 3 4. 5 4.. 5 4.. 9 4.3. 3 Part. 6 5. () 6 5.. () 7 5.. 9 5.3. Γ 3 6. 3 6.. 3 6.. 3 6.3. 33 Part 3. 34 7. 34 7.. 34 7.. 34 8. 35

More information

(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y

(3) (2),,. ( 20) ( s200103) 0.7 x C,, x 2 + y 2 + ax = 0 a.. D,. D, y C, C (x, y) (y 0) C m. (2) D y = y(x) (x ± y 0), (x, y) D, m, m = 1., D. (x 2 y [ ] 7 0.1 2 2 + y = t sin t IC ( 9) ( s090101) 0.2 y = d2 y 2, y = x 3 y + y 2 = 0 (2) y + 2y 3y = e 2x 0.3 1 ( y ) = f x C u = y x ( 15) ( s150102) [ ] y/x du x = Cexp f(u) u (2) x y = xey/x ( 16) ( s160101)

More information

Untitled

Untitled II 14 14-7-8 8/4 II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ 6/ ] Navier Stokes 3 [ ] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I 1 balance law t (ρv i )+ j

More information

phs.dvi

phs.dvi 483F 3 6.........3... 6.4... 7 7.... 7.... 9.5 N (... 3.6 N (... 5.7... 5 3 6 3.... 6 3.... 7 3.3... 9 3.4... 3 4 7 4.... 7 4.... 9 4.3... 3 4.4... 34 4.4.... 34 4.4.... 35 4.5... 38 4.6... 39 5 4 5....

More information

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT

I ( ) 1 de Broglie 1 (de Broglie) p λ k h Planck ( Js) p = h λ = k (1) h 2π : Dirac k B Boltzmann ( J/K) T U = 3 2 k BT I (008 4 0 de Broglie (de Broglie p λ k h Planck ( 6.63 0 34 Js p = h λ = k ( h π : Dirac k B Boltzmann (.38 0 3 J/K T U = 3 k BT ( = λ m k B T h m = 0.067m 0 m 0 = 9. 0 3 kg GaAs( a T = 300 K 3 fg 07345

More information

II 1 3 2 5 3 7 4 8 5 11 6 13 7 16 8 18 2 1 1. x 2 + xy x y (1 lim (x,y (1,1 x 1 x 3 + y 3 (2 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 x 2 (3 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 xy (4 lim (x,y (, x 2 + y 2 x y (5 lim (x,y (, x + y x 3y

More information

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5.

4. ϵ(ν, T ) = c 4 u(ν, T ) ϵ(ν, T ) T ν π4 Planck dx = 0 e x 1 15 U(T ) x 3 U(T ) = σt 4 Stefan-Boltzmann σ 2π5 k 4 15c 2 h 3 = W m 2 K 4 5. A 1. Boltzmann Planck u(ν, T )dν = 8πh ν 3 c 3 kt 1 dν h 6.63 10 34 J s Planck k 1.38 10 23 J K 1 Boltzmann u(ν, T ) T ν e hν c = 3 10 8 m s 1 2. Planck λ = c/ν Rayleigh-Jeans u(ν, T )dν = 8πν2 kt dν c

More information

v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) 3 R ij R ik = δ jk (4) i=1 δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i

v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) 3 R ij R ik = δ jk (4) i=1 δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i 1. 1 1.1 1.1.1 1.1.1.1 v v = v 1 v 2 v 3 (1) R = (R ij ) (2) R (R 1 ) ij = R ji (3) R ij R ik = δ jk (4) δ ij Kronecker δ ij = { 1 (i = j) 0 (i j) (5) 1 1.1. v1.1 2011/04/10 1. 1 2 v i = R ij v j (6) [

More information

1 c Koichi Suga, ISBN

1 c Koichi Suga, ISBN c Koichi Suga, 4 4 6 5 ISBN 978-4-64-6445- 4 ( ) x(t) t u(t) t {u(t)} {x(t)} () T, (), (3), (4) max J = {u(t)} V (x, u)dt ẋ = f(x, u) x() = x x(t ) = x T (), x, u, t ẋ x t u u ẋ = f(x, u) x(t ) = x T x(t

More information

l µ l µ l 0 (1, x r, y r, z r ) 1 r (1, x r, y r, z r ) l µ g µν η µν 2ml µ l ν 1 2m r 2mx r 2 2my r 2 2mz r 2 2mx r 2 1 2mx2 2mxy 2mxz 2my r 2mz 2 r

l µ l µ l 0 (1, x r, y r, z r ) 1 r (1, x r, y r, z r ) l µ g µν η µν 2ml µ l ν 1 2m r 2mx r 2 2my r 2 2mz r 2 2mx r 2 1 2mx2 2mxy 2mxz 2my r 2mz 2 r 2 1 (7a)(7b) λ i( w w ) + [ w + w ] 1 + w w l 2 0 Re(γ) α (7a)(7b) 2 γ 0, ( w) 2 1, w 1 γ (1) l µ, λ j γ l 2 0 Re(γ) α, λ w + w i( w w ) 1 + w w γ γ 1 w 1 r [x2 + y 2 + z 2 ] 1/2 ( w) 2 x2 + y 2 + z 2

More information

24 I ( ) 1. R 3 (i) C : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0 (ii) C : y = ± 1 x 2 ( 1 x 1) (iii) C : x = cos t, y = sin t (0 t 2π) 1.1. γ : [a, b] R n ; t γ(t) = (x

24 I ( ) 1. R 3 (i) C : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0 (ii) C : y = ± 1 x 2 ( 1 x 1) (iii) C : x = cos t, y = sin t (0 t 2π) 1.1. γ : [a, b] R n ; t γ(t) = (x 24 I 1.1.. ( ) 1. R 3 (i) C : x 2 + y 2 1 = 0 (ii) C : y = ± 1 x 2 ( 1 x 1) (iii) C : x = cos t, y = sin t (0 t 2π) 1.1. γ : [a, b] R n ; t γ(t) = (x 1 (t), x 2 (t),, x n (t)) ( ) ( ), γ : (i) x 1 (t),

More information

main.dvi

main.dvi Chapter 6 6. (5.8)(5.9) f(x) c n = a n= a a c n exp(i nx a )= [f(x +)+f(x )]; x [a; a] f (x) exp(i nx )dx (6.) a k n = n a ; k n = k n+ k n = a (6:) (6.) c n c n = k n (6.) a a df()e ikn : a [f (x +)+f(x

More information

meiji_resume_1.PDF

meiji_resume_1.PDF β β β (q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) H(q 1,q,..., q n ; p 1, p,..., p n ) Hψ = εψ ε k = k +1/ ε k = k(k 1) (x, y, z; p x, p y, p z ) (r; p r ), (θ; p θ ), (ϕ; p ϕ ) ε k = 1/ k p i dq i E total = E

More information

X G P G (X) G BG [X, BG] S 2 2 2 S 2 2 S 2 = { (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) R 3 x 2 1 + x 2 2 + x 2 3 = 1 } R 3 S 2 S 2 v x S 2 x x v(x) T x S 2 T x S 2 S 2 x T x S 2 = { ξ R 3 x ξ } R 3 T x S 2 S 2 x x T x S 2

More information

d ϕ i) t d )t0 d ϕi) ϕ i) t x j t d ) ϕ t0 t α dx j d ) ϕ i) t dx t0 j x j d ϕ i) ) t x j dx t0 j f i x j ξ j dx i + ξ i x j dx j f i ξ i x j dx j d )

d ϕ i) t d )t0 d ϕi) ϕ i) t x j t d ) ϕ t0 t α dx j d ) ϕ i) t dx t0 j x j d ϕ i) ) t x j dx t0 j f i x j ξ j dx i + ξ i x j dx j f i ξ i x j dx j d ) 23 M R M ϕ : R M M ϕt, x) ϕ t x) ϕ s ϕ t ϕ s+t, ϕ 0 id M M ϕ t M ξ ξ ϕ t d ϕ tx) ξϕ t x)) U, x 1,...,x n )) ϕ t x) ϕ 1) t x),...,ϕ n) t x)), ξx) ξ i x) d ϕi) t x) ξ i ϕ t x)) M f ϕ t f)x) f ϕ t )x) fϕ

More information

notekiso1_09.dvi

notekiso1_09.dvi 39 3 3.1 2 Ax 1,y 1 Bx 2,y 2 x y fx, y z fx, y x 1,y 1, 0 x 1,y 1,fx 1,y 1 x 2,y 2, 0 x 2,y 2,fx 2,y 2 A s I fx, yds lim fx i,y i Δs. 3.1.1 Δs 0 x i,y i N Δs 1 I lim Δx 2 +Δy 2 0 x 1 fx i,y i Δx i 2 +Δy

More information

II ( ) (7/31) II ( [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re

II ( ) (7/31) II (  [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Re II 29 7 29-7-27 ( ) (7/31) II (http://www.damp.tottori-u.ac.jp/~ooshida/edu/fluid/) [ (3.4)] Navier Stokes [ (6/29)] Navier Stokes 3 [ (6/19)] Reynolds [ (4.6), (45.8)] [ p.186] Navier Stokes I Euler Navier

More information

数値計算:有限要素法

数値計算:有限要素法 ( ) 1 / 61 1 2 3 4 ( ) 2 / 61 ( ) 3 / 61 P(0) P(x) u(x) P(L) f P(0) P(x) P(L) ( ) 4 / 61 L P(x) E(x) A(x) x P(x) P(x) u(x) P(x) u(x) (0 x L) ( ) 5 / 61 u(x) 0 L x ( ) 6 / 61 P(0) P(L) f d dx ( EA du dx

More information

main.dvi

main.dvi 9 5.4.3 9 49 5 9 9. 9.. z (z) = e t t z dt (9.) z z = x> (x +)= e t t x dt = e t t x e t t x dt = x(x) (9.) t= +x x n () = (n +) =!= e t dt = (9.3) z

More information

振動と波動

振動と波動 Report JS0.5 J Simplicity February 4, 2012 1 J Simplicity HOME http://www.jsimplicity.com/ Preface 2 Report 2 Contents I 5 1 6 1.1..................................... 6 1.2 1 1:................ 7 1.3

More information

i

i 009 I 1 8 5 i 0 1 0.1..................................... 1 0.................................................. 1 0.3................................. 0.4........................................... 3

More information

30 I .............................................2........................................3................................................4.......................................... 2.5..........................................

More information

2019 1 5 0 3 1 4 1.1.................... 4 1.1.1......................... 4 1.1.2........................ 5 1.1.3................... 5 1.1.4........................ 6 1.1.5......................... 6 1.2..........................

More information

A B P (A B) = P (A)P (B) (3) A B A B P (B A) A B A B P (A B) = P (B A)P (A) (4) P (B A) = P (A B) P (A) (5) P (A B) P (B A) P (A B) A B P

A B P (A B) = P (A)P (B) (3) A B A B P (B A) A B A B P (A B) = P (B A)P (A) (4) P (B A) = P (A B) P (A) (5) P (A B) P (B A) P (A B) A B P 1 1.1 (population) (sample) (event) (trial) Ω () 1 1 Ω 1.2 P 1. A A P (A) 0 1 0 P (A) 1 (1) 2. P 1 P 0 1 6 1 1 6 0 3. A B P (A B) = P (A) + P (B) (2) A B A B A 1 B 2 A B 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 2 3 1.3 A B P (A

More information

30

30 3 ............................................2 2...........................................2....................................2.2...................................2.3..............................

More information

( 12 ( ( ( ( Levi-Civita grad div rot ( ( = 4 : 6 3 1 1.1 f(x n f (n (x, d n f(x (1.1 dxn f (2 (x f (x 1.1 f(x = e x f (n (x = e x d dx (fg = f g + fg (1.2 d dx d 2 dx (fg = f g + 2f g + fg 2... d n n

More information

mugensho.dvi

mugensho.dvi 1 1 f (t) lim t a f (t) = 0 f (t) t a 1.1 (1) lim(t 1) 2 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 2 t 1 (2) lim(t 1) 3 = 0 t 1 (t 1) 3 t 1 2 f (t), g(t) t a lim t a f (t) g(t) g(t) f (t) = o(g(t)) (t a) = 0 f (t) (t 1) 3 1.2 lim

More information

IA hara@math.kyushu-u.ac.jp Last updated: January,......................................................................................................................................................................................

More information

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a =

simx simxdx, cosxdx, sixdx 6.3 px m m + pxfxdx = pxf x p xf xdx = pxf x p xf x + p xf xdx 7.4 a m.5 fx simxdx 8 fx fx simxdx = πb m 9 a fxdx = πa a = II 6 ishimori@phys.titech.ac.jp 6.. 5.4.. f Rx = f Lx = fx fx + lim = lim x x + x x f c = f x + x < c < x x x + lim x x fx fx x x = lim x x f c = f x x < c < x cosmx cosxdx = {cosm x + cosm + x} dx = [

More information

Korteweg-de Vries

Korteweg-de Vries Korteweg-de Vries 2011 03 29 ,.,.,.,, Korteweg-de Vries,. 1 1 3 1.1 K-dV........................ 3 1.2.............................. 4 2 K-dV 5 2.1............................. 5 2.2..............................

More information

応用数学III-4.ppt

応用数学III-4.ppt III f x ( ) = 1 f x ( ) = P( X = x) = f ( x) = P( X = x) =! x ( ) b! a, X! U a,b f ( x) =! " e #!x, X! Ex (!) n! ( n! x)!x! " x 1! " x! e"!, X! Po! ( ) n! x, X! B( n;" ) ( ) ! xf ( x) = = n n!! ( n

More information

dy + P (x)y = Q(x) (1) dx dy dx = P (x)y + Q(x) P (x), Q(x) dy y dx Q(x) 0 homogeneous dy dx = P (x)y 1 y dy = P (x) dx log y = P (x) dx + C y = C exp

dy + P (x)y = Q(x) (1) dx dy dx = P (x)y + Q(x) P (x), Q(x) dy y dx Q(x) 0 homogeneous dy dx = P (x)y 1 y dy = P (x) dx log y = P (x) dx + C y = C exp + P (x)y = Q(x) (1) = P (x)y + Q(x) P (x), Q(x) y Q(x) 0 homogeneous = P (x)y 1 y = P (x) log y = P (x) + C y = C exp{ P (x) } = C e R P (x) 5.1 + P (x)y = 0 (2) y = C exp{ P (x) } = Ce R P (x) (3) αy

More information

応力とひずみ.ppt

応力とひずみ.ppt in yukawa@numse.nagoya-u.ac.jp 2 3 4 5 x 2 6 Continuum) 7 8 9 F F 10 F L L F L 1 L F L F L F 11 F L F F L F L L L 1 L 2 12 F L F! A A! S! = F S 13 F L L F F n = F " cos# F t = F " sin# S $ = S cos# S S

More information

1 filename=mathformula tex 1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 4ac, (1.1) 2a x 1 + x 2 = b a, x 1x 2 = c a, (1.2) ax 2 + 2b x + c = 0, x = b ± b 2

1 filename=mathformula tex 1 ax 2 + bx + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 4ac, (1.1) 2a x 1 + x 2 = b a, x 1x 2 = c a, (1.2) ax 2 + 2b x + c = 0, x = b ± b 2 filename=mathformula58.tex ax + bx + c =, x = b ± b 4ac, (.) a x + x = b a, x x = c a, (.) ax + b x + c =, x = b ± b ac. a (.3). sin(a ± B) = sin A cos B ± cos A sin B, (.) cos(a ± B) = cos A cos B sin

More information

9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L) du (L) = f (9.3) dx (9.) P

9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L) du (L) = f (9.3) dx (9.) P 9 (Finite Element Method; FEM) 9. 9. P(0) P(x) u(x) (a) P(L) f P(0) P(x) (b) 9. P(L) 9. 05 L x P(x) P(0) P(x) u(x) u(x) (0 < = x < = L) P(x) E(x) A(x) P(L) f ( d EA du ) = 0 (9.) dx dx u(0) = 0 (9.2) E(L)A(L)

More information

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka )

II A A441 : October 02, 2014 Version : Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) II 214-1 : October 2, 214 Version : 1.1 Kawahira, Tomoki TA (Kondo, Hirotaka ) http://www.math.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~kawahira/courses/14w-biseki.html pdf 1 2 1 9 1 16 1 23 1 3 11 6 11 13 11 2 11 27 12 4 12 11

More information

y π π O π x 9 s94.5 y dy dx. y = x + 3 y = x logx + 9 s9.6 z z x, z y. z = xy + y 3 z = sinx y 9 s x dx π x cos xdx 9 s93.8 a, fx = e x ax,. a =

y π π O π x 9 s94.5 y dy dx. y = x + 3 y = x logx + 9 s9.6 z z x, z y. z = xy + y 3 z = sinx y 9 s x dx π x cos xdx 9 s93.8 a, fx = e x ax,. a = [ ] 9 IC. dx = 3x 4y dt dy dt = x y u xt = expλt u yt λ u u t = u u u + u = xt yt 6 3. u = x, y, z = x + y + z u u 9 s9 grad u ux, y, z = c c : grad u = u x i + u y j + u k i, j, k z x, y, z grad u v =

More information

Fubini

Fubini 3............................... 3................................ 5.3 Fubini........................... 7.4.............................5..........................6.............................. 3.7..............................

More information

st.dvi

st.dvi 9 3 5................................... 5............................. 5....................................... 5.................................. 7.........................................................................

More information

Sturm-Liouville Green KEN ZOU Hermite Legendre Laguerre L L [p(x) d2 dx 2 + q(x) d ] dx + r(x) u(x) = Lu(x) = 0 (1) L = p(x) d2 dx

Sturm-Liouville Green KEN ZOU Hermite Legendre Laguerre L L [p(x) d2 dx 2 + q(x) d ] dx + r(x) u(x) = Lu(x) = 0 (1) L = p(x) d2 dx Sturm-Liouville Green KEN ZOU 2006 4 23 1 Hermite Legendre Lguerre 1 1.1 2 L L p(x) d2 2 + q(x) d + r(x) u(x) = Lu(x) = 0 (1) L = p(x) d2 2 + q(x) d + r(x) (2) L = d2 2 p(x) d q(x) + r(x) (3) 2 (Self-Adjoint

More information

2.2 ( y = y(x ( (x 0, y 0 y (x 0 (y 0 = y(x 0 y = y(x ( y (x 0 = F (x 0, y(x 0 = F (x 0, y 0 (x 0, y 0 ( (x 0, y 0 F (x 0, y 0 xy (x, y (, F (x, y ( (

2.2 ( y = y(x ( (x 0, y 0 y (x 0 (y 0 = y(x 0 y = y(x ( y (x 0 = F (x 0, y(x 0 = F (x 0, y 0 (x 0, y 0 ( (x 0, y 0 F (x 0, y 0 xy (x, y (, F (x, y ( ( (. x y y x f y = f(x y x y = y(x y x y dx = d dx y(x = y (x = f (x y = y(x x ( (differential equation ( + y 2 dx + xy = 0 dx = xy + y 2 2 2 x y 2 F (x, y = xy + y 2 y = y(x x x xy(x = F (x, y(x + y(x 2

More information

II (10 4 ) 1. p (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) 0 f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a 2 x a 0 A = f x (

II (10 4 ) 1. p (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) 0 f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a 2 x a 0 A = f x ( II (1 4 ) 1. p.13 1 (x, y) (a, b) ε(x, y; a, b) f (x, y) f (a, b) A, B (6.5) y = b f (x, b) f (a, b) x a = A + ε(x, b; a, b) x a x a A = f x (a, b) y x 3 3y 3 (x, y) (, ) f (x, y) = x + y (x, y) = (, )

More information

5. [1 ] 1 [], u(x, t) t c u(x, t) x (5.3) ξ x + ct, η x ct (5.4),u(x, t) ξ, η u(ξ, η), ξ t,, ( u(ξ,η) ξ η u(x, t) t ) u(x, t) { ( u(ξ, η) c t ξ ξ { (

5. [1 ] 1 [], u(x, t) t c u(x, t) x (5.3) ξ x + ct, η x ct (5.4),u(x, t) ξ, η u(ξ, η), ξ t,, ( u(ξ,η) ξ η u(x, t) t ) u(x, t) { ( u(ξ, η) c t ξ ξ { ( 5 5.1 [ ] ) d f(t) + a d f(t) + bf(t) : f(t) 1 dt dt ) u(x, t) c u(x, t) : u(x, t) t x : ( ) ) 1 : y + ay, : y + ay + by : ( ) 1 ) : y + ay, : yy + ay 3 ( ): ( ) ) : y + ay, : y + ay b [],,, [ ] au xx

More information

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi)

() x + y + y + x dy dx = 0 () dy + xy = x dx y + x y ( 5) ( s55906) 0.7. (). 5 (). ( 6) ( s6590) 0.8 m n. 0.9 n n A. ( 6) ( s6590) f A (λ) = det(a λi) 0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()

More information

変 位 変位とは 物体中のある点が変形後に 別の点に異動したときの位置の変化で あり ベクトル量である 変位には 物体の変形の他に剛体運動 剛体変位 が含まれている 剛体変位 P(x, y, z) 平行移動と回転 P! (x + u, y + v, z + w) Q(x + d x, y + dy,

変 位 変位とは 物体中のある点が変形後に 別の点に異動したときの位置の変化で あり ベクトル量である 変位には 物体の変形の他に剛体運動 剛体変位 が含まれている 剛体変位 P(x, y, z) 平行移動と回転 P! (x + u, y + v, z + w) Q(x + d x, y + dy, 変 位 変位とは 物体中のある点が変形後に 別の点に異動したときの位置の変化で あり ベクトル量である 変位には 物体の変形の他に剛体運動 剛体変位 が含まれている 剛体変位 P(x, y, z) 平行移動と回転 P! (x + u, y + v, z + w) Q(x + d x, y + dy, z + dz) Q! (x + d x + u + du, y + dy + v + dv, z +

More information

Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j = i j 1 if i jk is an even permutation of 1,2,3. ε i jk = 1 if i jk is an odd permutation of 1,2,3. otherwise. 3 4

Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j = i j 1 if i jk is an even permutation of 1,2,3. ε i jk = 1 if i jk is an odd permutation of 1,2,3. otherwise. 3 4 [2642 ] Yuji Chinone 1 1-1 ρ t + j = 1 1-1 V S ds ds Eq.1 ρ t + j dv = ρ t dv = t V V V ρdv = Q t Q V jdv = j ds V ds V I Q t + j ds = ; S S [ Q t ] + I = Eq.1 2 2 Kroneher Levi-Civita 1 i = j δ i j =

More information

A

A A 2563 15 4 21 1 3 1.1................................................ 3 1.2............................................. 3 2 3 2.1......................................... 3 2.2............................................

More information

sec13.dvi

sec13.dvi 13 13.1 O r F R = m d 2 r dt 2 m r m = F = m r M M d2 R dt 2 = m d 2 r dt 2 = F = F (13.1) F O L = r p = m r ṙ dl dt = m ṙ ṙ + m r r = r (m r ) = r F N. (13.2) N N = R F 13.2 O ˆn ω L O r u u = ω r 1 1:

More information

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,.

,. Black-Scholes u t t, x c u 0 t, x x u t t, x c u t, x x u t t, x + σ x u t, x + rx ut, x rux, t 0 x x,,.,. Step 3, 7,,, Step 6., Step 4,. Step 5,,. 9 α ν β Ξ ξ Γ γ o δ Π π ε ρ ζ Σ σ η τ Θ θ Υ υ ι Φ φ κ χ Λ λ Ψ ψ µ Ω ω Def, Prop, Th, Lem, Note, Remark, Ex,, Proof, R, N, Q, C [a, b {x R : a x b} : a, b {x R : a < x < b} : [a, b {x R : a x < b} : a,

More information

II 2 II

II 2 II II 2 II 2005 yugami@cc.utsunomiya-u.ac.jp 2005 4 1 1 2 5 2.1.................................... 5 2.2................................. 6 2.3............................. 6 2.4.................................

More information

i

i 18 16 i 1 1 1.1....................................... 1 1.................................. 3 1.3............................. 5 1.4........................................... 6 7.1..................................

More information

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt

S I. dy fx x fx y fx + C 3 C vt dy fx 4 x, y dy yt gt + Ct + C dt v e kt xt v e kt + C k x v k + C C xt v k 3 r r + dr e kt S Sr πr dt d v } dt k e kt S I. x yx y y, y,. F x, y, y, y,, y n http://ayapin.film.s.dendai.ac.jp/~matuda n /TeX/lecture.html PDF PS yx.................................... 3.3.................... 9.4................5..............

More information

4 2016 3 8 2.,. 2. Arakawa Jacobin., 2 Adams-Bashforth. Re = 80, 90, 100.. h l, h/l, Kármán, h/l 0.28,, h/l.., (2010), 46.2., t = 100 t = 2000 46.2 < Re 46.5. 1 1 4 2 6 2.1............................

More information

III 1 (X, d) d U d X (X, d). 1. (X, d).. (i) d(x, y) d(z, y) d(x, z) (ii) d(x, y) d(z, w) d(x, z) + d(y, w) 2. (X, d). F X.. (1), X F, (2) F 1, F 2 F

III 1 (X, d) d U d X (X, d). 1. (X, d).. (i) d(x, y) d(z, y) d(x, z) (ii) d(x, y) d(z, w) d(x, z) + d(y, w) 2. (X, d). F X.. (1), X F, (2) F 1, F 2 F III 1 (X, d) d U d X (X, d). 1. (X, d).. (i) d(x, y) d(z, y) d(x, z) (ii) d(x, y) d(z, w) d(x, z) + d(y, w) 2. (X, d). F X.. (1), X F, (2) F 1, F 2 F F 1 F 2 F, (3) F λ F λ F λ F. 3., A λ λ A λ. B λ λ

More information

all.dvi

all.dvi 29 4 Green-Lagrange,,.,,,,,,.,,,,,,,,,, E, σ, ε σ = Eε,,.. 4.1? l, l 1 (l 1 l) ε ε = l 1 l l (4.1) F l l 1 F 30 4 Green-Lagrange Δz Δδ γ = Δδ (4.2) Δz π/2 φ γ = π 2 φ (4.3) γ tan γ γ,sin γ γ ( π ) γ tan

More information

Radiation from moving charges#1 Liénard-Wiechert potential Yuji Chinone 1 Maxwell Maxwell MKS E (x, t) + B (x, t) t = 0 (1) B (x, t) = 0 (2) B (x, t)

Radiation from moving charges#1 Liénard-Wiechert potential Yuji Chinone 1 Maxwell Maxwell MKS E (x, t) + B (x, t) t = 0 (1) B (x, t) = 0 (2) B (x, t) Radiation from moving harges# Liénard-Wiehert potential Yuji Chinone Maxwell Maxwell MKS E x, t + B x, t = B x, t = B x, t E x, t = µ j x, t 3 E x, t = ε ρ x, t 4 ε µ ε µ = E B ρ j A x, t φ x, t A x, t

More information

December 28, 2018

December 28, 2018 e-mail : kigami@i.kyoto-u.ac.jp December 28, 28 Contents 2............................. 3.2......................... 7.3..................... 9.4................ 4.5............. 2.6.... 22 2 36 2..........................

More information

1

1 016 017 6 16 1 1 5 1.1............................................... 5 1................................................... 5 1.3................................................ 5 1.4...............................................

More information

..3. Ω, Ω F, P Ω, F, P ). ) F a) A, A,..., A i,... F A i F. b) A F A c F c) Ω F. ) A F A P A),. a) 0 P A) b) P Ω) c) [ ] A, A,..., A i,... F i j A i A

..3. Ω, Ω F, P Ω, F, P ). ) F a) A, A,..., A i,... F A i F. b) A F A c F c) Ω F. ) A F A P A),. a) 0 P A) b) P Ω) c) [ ] A, A,..., A i,... F i j A i A .. Laplace ). A... i),. ω i i ). {ω,..., ω } Ω,. ii) Ω. Ω. A ) r, A P A) P A) r... ).. Ω {,, 3, 4, 5, 6}. i i 6). A {, 4, 6} P A) P A) 3 6. ).. i, j i, j) ) Ω {i, j) i 6, j 6}., 36. A. A {i, j) i j }.

More information

difgeo1.dvi

difgeo1.dvi 1 http://matlab0.hwe.oita-u.ac.jp/ matsuo/difgeo.pdf ver.1 8//001 1 1.1 a A. O 1 e 1 ; e ; e e 1 ; e ; e x 1 ;x ;x e 1 ; e ; e X x x x 1 ;x ;x X (x 1 ;x ;x ) 1 1 x x X e e 1 O e x x 1 x x = x 1 e 1 + x

More information

d (K + U) = v [ma F(r)] = (2.4.4) t = t r(t ) = r t 1 r(t 1 ) = r 1 U(r 1 ) U(r ) = t1 t du t1 = t F(r(t)) dr(t) r1 = F dr (2.4.5) r F 2 F ( F) r A r

d (K + U) = v [ma F(r)] = (2.4.4) t = t r(t ) = r t 1 r(t 1 ) = r 1 U(r 1 ) U(r ) = t1 t du t1 = t F(r(t)) dr(t) r1 = F dr (2.4.5) r F 2 F ( F) r A r 2.4 ( ) U(r) ( ) ( ) U F(r) = x, U y, U = U(r) (2.4.1) z 2 1 K = mv 2 /2 dk = d ( ) 1 2 mv2 = mv dv = v (ma) (2.4.2) ( ) U(r(t)) r(t) r(t) + dr(t) du du = U(r(t) + dr(t)) U(r(t)) = U x = U(r(t)) dr(t)

More information

gr09.dvi

gr09.dvi .1, θ, ϕ d = A, t dt + B, t dtd + C, t d + D, t dθ +in θdϕ.1.1 t { = f1,t t = f,t { D, t = B, t =.1. t A, tdt e φ,t dt, C, td e λ,t d.1.3,t, t d = e φ,t dt + e λ,t d + dθ +in θdϕ.1.4 { = f1,t t = f,t {

More information

Acrobat Distiller, Job 128

Acrobat Distiller, Job 128 (2 ) 2 < > ( ) f x (x, y) 2x 3+y f y (x, y) x 2y +2 f(3, 2) f x (3, 2) 5 f y (3, 2) L y 2 z 5x 5 ` x 3 z y 2 2 2 < > (2 ) f(, 2) 7 f x (x, y) 2x y f x (, 2),f y (x, y) x +4y,f y (, 2) 7 z (x ) + 7(y 2)

More information

B ver B

B ver B B ver. 2017.02.24 B Contents 1 11 1.1....................... 11 1.1.1............. 11 1.1.2.......................... 12 1.2............................. 14 1.2.1................ 14 1.2.2.......................

More information

i I II I II II IC IIC I II ii 5 8 5 3 7 8 iii I 3........................... 5......................... 7........................... 4........................ 8.3......................... 33.4...................

More information

f(x) = f(x ) + α(x)(x x ) α(x) x = x. x = f (y), x = f (y ) y = f f (y) = f f (y ) + α(f (y))(f (y) f (y )) f (y) = f (y ) + α(f (y)) (y y ) ( (2) ) f

f(x) = f(x ) + α(x)(x x ) α(x) x = x. x = f (y), x = f (y ) y = f f (y) = f f (y ) + α(f (y))(f (y) f (y )) f (y) = f (y ) + α(f (y)) (y y ) ( (2) ) f 22 A 3,4 No.3 () (2) (3) (4), (5) (6) (7) (8) () n x = (x,, x n ), = (,, n ), x = ( (x i i ) 2 ) /2 f(x) R n f(x) = f() + i α i (x ) i + o( x ) α,, α n g(x) = o( x )) lim x g(x) x = y = f() + i α i(x )

More information

2 2 L 5 2. L L L L k.....

2 2 L 5 2. L L L L k..... L 528 206 2 9 2 2 L 5 2. L........................... 5 2.2 L................................... 7 2............................... 9. L..................2 L k........................ 2 4 I 5 4. I...................................

More information

pdf

pdf http://www.ns.kogakuin.ac.jp/~ft13389/lecture/physics1a2b/ pdf I 1 1 1.1 ( ) 1. 30 m µm 2. 20 cm km 3. 10 m 2 cm 2 4. 5 cm 3 km 3 5. 1 6. 1 7. 1 1.2 ( ) 1. 1 m + 10 cm 2. 1 hr + 6400 sec 3. 3.0 10 5 kg

More information

23 7 28 i i 1 1 1.1................................... 2 1.2............................... 3 1.2.1.................................... 3 1.2.2............................... 4 1.2.3 SI..............................

More information

M3 x y f(x, y) (= x) (= y) x + y f(x, y) = x + y + *. f(x, y) π y f(x, y) x f(x + x, y) f(x, y) lim x x () f(x,y) x 3 -

M3 x y f(x, y) (= x) (= y) x + y f(x, y) = x + y + *. f(x, y) π y f(x, y) x f(x + x, y) f(x, y) lim x x () f(x,y) x 3 - M3............................................................................................ 3.3................................................... 3 6........................................... 6..........................................

More information

x ( ) x dx = ax

x ( ) x dx = ax x ( ) x dx = ax 1 dx = a x log x = at + c x(t) = e at C (C = e c ) a > 0 t a < 0 t 0 (at + b ) h dx = lim x(t + h) x(t) h 0 h x(t + h) x(t) h x(t) t x(t + h) x(t) ax(t) h x(t + h) x(t) + ahx(t) 0, h, 2h,

More information

25 7 18 1 1 1.1 v.s............................. 1 1.1.1.................................. 1 1.1.2................................. 1 1.1.3.................................. 3 1.2................... 3

More information

2011de.dvi

2011de.dvi 211 ( 4 2 1. 3 1.1............................... 3 1.2 1- -......................... 13 1.3 2-1 -................... 19 1.4 3- -......................... 29 2. 37 2.1................................ 37

More information

2009 IA I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, a h f(x) x x a h

2009 IA I 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, a h f(x) x x a h 009 IA I, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 7 7 4 5 h fx) x x h 4 5 4 5 1 3 1.1........................... 3 1........................... 4 1.3..................................... 6 1.4.............................. 8 1.4.1..............................

More information

. ev=,604k m 3 Debye ɛ 0 kt e λ D = n e n e Ze 4 ln Λ ν ei = 5.6π / ɛ 0 m/ e kt e /3 ν ei v e H + +e H ev Saha x x = 3/ πme kt g i g e n

. ev=,604k m 3 Debye ɛ 0 kt e λ D = n e n e Ze 4 ln Λ ν ei = 5.6π / ɛ 0 m/ e kt e /3 ν ei v e H + +e H ev Saha x x = 3/ πme kt g i g e n 003...............................3 Debye................. 3.4................ 3 3 3 3. Larmor Cyclotron... 3 3................ 4 3.3.......... 4 3.3............ 4 3.3...... 4 3.3.3............ 5 3.4.........

More information

B 38 1 (x, y), (x, y, z) (x 1, x 2 ) (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) 2 : x 2 + y 2 = 1. (parameter) x = cos t, y = sin t. y = f(x) r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b.

B 38 1 (x, y), (x, y, z) (x 1, x 2 ) (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) 2 : x 2 + y 2 = 1. (parameter) x = cos t, y = sin t. y = f(x) r(t) = (x(t), y(t), z(t)), a t b. 2009 7 9 1 2 2 2 3 6 4 9 5 14 6 18 7 23 8 25 9 26 10 29 11 32 12 35 A 37 1 B 38 1 (x, y), (x, y, z) (x 1, x 2 ) (x 1, x 2, x 3 ) 2 : x 2 + y 2 = 1. (parameter) x = cos t, y = sin t. y = f(x) r(t) = (x(t),

More information

2013 25 9 i 1 1 1.1................................... 1 1.2........................... 2 1.3..................................... 3 1.4..................................... 4 2 6 2.1.................................

More information

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2

No δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i x j δx j (5) δs 2 No.2 1 2 2 δs δs = r + δr r = δr (3) δs δs = r r = δr + u(r + δr, t) u(r, t) (4) δr = (δx, δy, δz) u i (r + δr, t) u i (r, t) = u i δx j (5) δs 2 = δx i δx i + 2 u i δx i δx j = δs 2 + 2s ij δx i δx j

More information

.1 z = e x +xy y z y 1 1 x 0 1 z x y α β γ z = αx + βy + γ (.1) ax + by + cz = d (.1') a, b, c, d x-y-z (a, b, c). x-y-z 3 (0,

.1 z = e x +xy y z y 1 1 x 0 1 z x y α β γ z = αx + βy + γ (.1) ax + by + cz = d (.1') a, b, c, d x-y-z (a, b, c). x-y-z 3 (0, .1.1 Y K L Y = K 1 3 L 3 L K K (K + ) 1 1 3 L 3 K 3 L 3 K 0 (K + K) 1 3 L 3 K 1 3 L 3 lim K 0 K = L (K + K) 1 3 K 1 3 3 lim K 0 K = 1 3 K 3 L 3 z = f(x, y) x y z x-y-z.1 z = e x +xy y 3 x-y ( ) z 0 f(x,

More information

73

73 73 74 ( u w + bw) d = Ɣ t tw dɣ u = N u + N u + N 3 u 3 + N 4 u 4 + [K ] {u = {F 75 u δu L σ (L) σ dx σ + dσ x δu b δu + d(δu) ALW W = L b δu dv + Aσ (L)δu(L) δu = (= ) W = A L b δu dx + Aσ (L)δu(L) Aσ

More information

4 4. A p X A 1 X X A 1 A 4.3 X p X p X S(X) = E ((X p) ) X = X E(X) = E(X) p p 4.3p < p < 1 X X p f(i) = P (X = i) = p(1 p) i 1, i = 1,,... 1 + r + r

4 4. A p X A 1 X X A 1 A 4.3 X p X p X S(X) = E ((X p) ) X = X E(X) = E(X) p p 4.3p < p < 1 X X p f(i) = P (X = i) = p(1 p) i 1, i = 1,,... 1 + r + r 4 1 4 4.1 X P (X = 1) =.4, P (X = ) =.3, P (X = 1) =., P (X = ) =.1 E(X) = 1.4 +.3 + 1. +.1 = 4. X Y = X P (X = ) = P (X = 1) = P (X = ) = P (X = 1) = P (X = ) =. Y P (Y = ) = P (X = ) =., P (Y = 1) =

More information

20 6 4 1 4 1.1 1.................................... 4 1.1.1.................................... 4 1.1.2 1................................ 5 1.2................................... 7 1.2.1....................................

More information

b3e2003.dvi

b3e2003.dvi 15 II 5 5.1 (1) p, q p = (x + 2y, xy, 1), q = (x 2 + 3y 2, xyz, ) (i) p rotq (ii) p gradq D (2) a, b rot(a b) div [11, p.75] (3) (i) f f grad f = 1 2 grad( f 2) (ii) f f gradf 1 2 grad ( f 2) rotf 5.2

More information

(2016 2Q H) [ ] R 2 2 P = (a, b), Q = (c, d) Q P QP = ( ) a c b d (a c, b d) P = (a, b) O P ( ) a p = b P = (a, b) p = ( ) a b R 2 {( ) } R 2 x = x, y

(2016 2Q H) [ ] R 2 2 P = (a, b), Q = (c, d) Q P QP = ( ) a c b d (a c, b d) P = (a, b) O P ( ) a p = b P = (a, b) p = ( ) a b R 2 {( ) } R 2 x = x, y (2016 2Q H) [ ] R 2 2 P = (a, b), Q = (c, d) Q P QP = a c b d (a c, b d) P = (a, b) O P a p = b P = (a, b) p = a b R 2 { } R 2 x = x, y R y 2 a p =, c q = b d p + a + c q = b + d q p P q a p = c R c b

More information

1 : f(z = re iθ ) = u(r, θ) + iv(r, θ). (re iθ ) 2 = r 2 e 2iθ = r 2 cos 2θ + ir 2 sin 2θ r f(z = x + iy) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y). (x + iy) 2 = x 2 y 2 +

1 : f(z = re iθ ) = u(r, θ) + iv(r, θ). (re iθ ) 2 = r 2 e 2iθ = r 2 cos 2θ + ir 2 sin 2θ r f(z = x + iy) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y). (x + iy) 2 = x 2 y 2 + 1.3 1.4. (pp.14-27) 1 1 : f(z = re iθ ) = u(r, θ) + iv(r, θ). (re iθ ) 2 = r 2 e 2iθ = r 2 cos 2θ + ir 2 sin 2θ r f(z = x + iy) = u(x, y) + iv(x, y). (x + iy) 2 = x 2 y 2 + i2xy x = 1 y (1 + iy) 2 = 1

More information