The Japanese Journal of Psychology 2004, Vol. 75, No. 5, Development of CAS (Communion-Agency Scale): Measurement of positive and negative asp

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1 The Japanese Journal of Psychology 2004, Vol. 75, No. 5, Development of CAS (Communion-Agency Scale): Measurement of positive and negative aspects of gender personality Itsuko Dohi (Department of Psychology, School of Human Science, Kobe Shoin Women's University, Nada-ku, Kobe ) and Kumi Hirokawa (Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Tsukasa-Machi, Gifu ) The purpose of this study was to construct a scale to measure both the positive and negative aspects of communion and agency, and to examine relationships among subscales. First, 264 undergraduates, both men and women, rated themselves on 40 items, and CAS (Communion-Agency Scale) was constructed, which consisted of four subscales with 6 items each. Second, 472 undergraduates, 303 women and 169 men, completed the scale, and were assigned, according to their scores on positive communion and agency, to one of four gender types: androgynous, masculine, feminine, and undifferentiated. Analyses of variance for negative communion and agency, with gender types (positive communion and agency) as independent variables, were performed. Factor analysis was also performed on the data. Results indicated that higher positive communion was associated with less negative agency, and higher positive agency with less negative communion. We discussed merits of measuring positive as well as negative aspects of communion and agency. Key words: communion, agency, gender personality, gender types, scale.

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The Japanese Journal of Psychology 2001, Vol. 72, No. 5, Gender stereotypes arising in a state of gender awareness Yuko Ito (Faculty of Humani

The Japanese Journal of Psychology 2001, Vol. 72, No. 5, 443-449 Gender stereotypes arising in a state of gender awareness Yuko Ito (Faculty of Humanities, Seitoku University, Iwase, Matsudo 271-8555)