日本感性工学会論文誌

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1 pp The Influence of Heart Rate on Time Perception during Music Listening Ken MATSUDA*, Makoto ICHIKAWA** and Kana TACHIBANA* * Yamaguchi University, , Tokiwadai, Ube, Yamaguchi , Japan ** Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoicho, Inage, Chiba , Japan Abstract : We examined how changes in participants heart rate affect their estimation of time when listening to music. We manipulated participants heart rate using a cycling task on an exercise bike and by varying the tempo of music. The heart rates of 48 participants were measured before and after the pedaling task on the exercise bike. One week later, they listened to the music and estimated the temporal duration (60 seconds) under the non-manipulated condition (without exercise) and heart rate manipulated condition (with exercise). The results showed that the duration of the music (60 seconds) was underestimated after light exercise and overestimated after strenuous exercise. These results suggest that the acceleration of the internal time mechanism due to an increase in the heart rate affects the perceived duration of time with relation to music. Keywords : BGM, time estimation, heart rate BGM bpm beat per minute 300bpm It s a small world BGM Background Music BGM 72bpm 94bpm 17% 38% 8 1 BGM 92bpm 4.4 BGM 72bpm BGM BGM BGM BGM bpm 80bpm 120bpm 160bpm 4 BGM bpm Received Accepted Copyright 2014 All Rights Reserved. 215

2 15 BGM BGM km/h 30km/h BGM MusicStudioProducer 21 4/4 C A2 E % 16 30% 4 30% 2.4 HEM MC FUJITSU FMV-S8370 DR.DAC2 DX audio-technica ATH-AD CASIO HS-70W ST km/h 30km/h

3 km/h 30km/h woodblock BGM bpm SD km/h bpm 1.17bpm 2.00bpm 30km/h bpm 12.75bpm 21.75bpm F 1, p<.001 F 1, p SD SD km/h r km/h N 12 r.45 30km/h r km/h 30km/h % km/h 30km/h km/h % km/h 0 30km/h 217

4 20km/h 30km/h 3 F 1, % 3 95% 4 95% p.018 F 1, p.025 F 1, p.037 F 1, p km/h F 1, p.082 F 1, p km/h 30km/h BGM 30km/h 20 20km/h 21 20km/h 30km/h 30km/h 20km/h % 218

5 22 % 20km/h 38.77% 39.16% 38.38% 30km/h 46.31% 44.31% 48.32% 5 30 km/h % % 30 km/h % Predicted Mean Vote PMV km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h km/h 3 2 F 1, p.028 F 1, p.041 F 1, p.051 F 1, p km/h km/h % 6 95% 219

6 bpm 30km/h 30km/h 20km/h F 1, p km/h

7 F 1, p F 1, p.079 F 1, p.004 F 1, p.062 F 1, p.017 F 1, p km/h F 1, p F 1, p km/h F 1, p km/h F 1, p.068 F 1, p km/h 30km/h 20 BGM 30km/h 20km/h 30% BGM BGM BGM km/h bpm 30km/h 63bpm

8 1 Temperley, N. M.: Personal tempo and subjective accentuation, Journal of General Psychology, 78, pp , Buchanan, J. C.: An exploratory study of preschool children s synchronization of a selected rhythmic activity with music set at their heart rates, Unpublished Ph. D. dissertation, University of South Florida, Fraisse, P.: Rhythm and tempo, In D. Deutsch (Ed.), Psychology of Music, New York, Academic Press, pp , Marriott, H. L. J.: Practical electrocardiography, Baltimore, MD, Williams & Wilkins, Deutsch, D Iwanaga, M.: Harmonic relationship between preferred tempi and heart rate, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, pp.67-71, Iwanaga, M.: Relationship between heart rate and preference for tempo of music, Perceptual and Motor Skills, 81, pp , Milliman, R. E.: Using background music to affect the behavior of supermarket shoppers, Journal of Marketing, 46(3) pp Milliman, R. E.: The influence of background music on the behavior of restaurant patrons, Journal of Consumer Research, 13(2), pp , Chebat, J. C., Gelinas-Chebat, C., and Filiatrault, P.: Interactive effects of musical and visual cues on time perception: an appliciation to waiting lines in banks, Perceptual and Motor skills, 77(3), pp , Oakes, S.: Music tempo and waiting perceptions, Psychology and Marketing, 20(8), pp , BGM 12 4 pp Gundlach, R. H.: Factors determining the characteristics of musical phrases, American Journal of Psychology, 47, pp , Hevner, K.: The affective value of pitch and tempo in music, American Journal of Psychology, 49, pp , BGM 28 pp Altshuler, I. M.: The past, present and future of musical therapy, Music therapy, pp.24-35, pp pp pp Frankenhaeuser, M.: Estimation of time: An experimental study, Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell, Hoagland, H.: The physiological control of judgments of duration: Evidence for a chemical clock, Journal of General Psychology, 9, pp , Hoagland, H.: Some biochemical considerations of time, In J. T. Fraser (Ed.), The voices of time, Amherst, MA: The University of Massachusetts Press, pp , pp Fanger, P. O.: Thermal comfort. Danish, Technical Press, Cognitive Science Society Psychonomic Society Association for Research on Vision and Ophthalmology Vision Sciences Society

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