THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 105( 13 ) 2001 1) 2) 3) JA 2 7 1) 2) 3)
106( 14 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. 1982 7 2001 (2001.4 2002.3) 1 221 175 (79.2%) 420 186 234 Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecalis E. faecalis S. aureus Peptostreptococcus spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa P. aeruginosa Enterobacter cloacae, E. coli, K. pneumoniae Bacteroides fragilis group Vancomycin (VCM) 1982 7 1 21) 2001 2001 4 2002 3 I 23 MIC2000 II 1) 2001 221 175 (79.2%) 420 14 Table 1 103 74 (71.8%) 34 22 (64.7%) 28 21 (75.0%) 118 101 (85.6%) 78 69 (88.5%) 59.1% (14.5%) (10.2%) (1.9%) (Fig. 1)
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 107( 15 ) Table 1. 2001 Fig. 1. 2) 2001 Table 2 186 234 420 30.1%, 39.8% 18.8% (9.4%) 6 8 (Table 3) 46 93 Staphylococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. S. aureus 11 E. faecalis 10 S. aureus 27 E. faecalis 34 E. avium 8 S. aureus (MRSA) 65.8% (25/38) (Table 4) 35 22 P. prevotii, P. micros Peptostreptococcus spp. (Table 5) 56 E. coli 23 K. pneumoniae 6 P. aeruginosa 6 78 P. aeruginosa 22 E. cloacae 14 E. coli 10 K. pneumoniae 9 (Table 6)
108( 16 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 2. 2001 Table 3. 2001 49 41 B. fragilis group 23 30 3) (Fig. 2) 1980 1990 E. coli (Fig. 3) (Fig. 4) 1990 1995 1990
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 109( 17 ) Table 4. 2001 Table 5. 2001 E. faecalis B. fragilis MRSA S. aureus (Fig. 5) MRSA 1991 1998 S. aureus 60% (Fig. 6)
110( 18 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 6. 2001 Fig. 2.
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 111( 19 ) Fig. 3. Fig. 4.
112( 20 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. MRSA
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 113( 21 ) 4) Tables 7 25 MIC (1) S. aureus Oxacillin (MPIPC) 39 MIC 2 (Table 7) 10 MIC 0.5 m g/ml 29 16 mg/ml MRSA Ampicillin (ABPC) 39 MIC 64 m g/ml Arbekacin (ABK) MIC 8 m g/ml 1 4mg/mL 2 Vancomycin (VCM) Teicoplanin (TEIC) MIC 4 m g/ml 1 0.25 2 m g/ml Gentamicin (GM) 28 MIC 0.5 m g/ml 11 16 mg/ml Clindamycin (CLDM) MIC 0.5 m g/ml 15 128 m g/ml 24 2 (2) S. epidermidis S. epidermidis 13 MPIPC MIC 8 m g/ml 8 (Table 8) MIC 8 m g/ml MPIPC, Piperacillin (PIPC), Cefepime (CFPM), Fosfomycin (FOM) 8 ABPC Flomoxef (FMOX) 7 Meropenem (MEPM) GM 6 Cefmenoxim (CMX) CLDM 5 Minocycline (MINO) MIC 0.5 m g/ml ABK, VCM Cefotiam (CTM) MIC 4 m g/ml (3) Enterococcus spp. E. faecalis 44 TEIC MIC 1 m g/ml Imipenem (IPM) VCM ABPC MIC 4 m g/ml (Table 9) MEPM PIPC E. avium 10 TEIC MIC 0.5 m g/ml (Table 10) VCM MIC 1 m g/ml E. faecium 7 TEIC MIC 1 m g/ml (Table 11) VCM 2 m g/ml Enterococcus spp. 8 TEIC MIC 1 m g/ml (Table 12) VCM 4 m g/ml (4) Streptococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. 15 IPM ABPC, TEIC, CLDM, MEPM, VCM, FMOX, CFPM (Table 13) (5) E.coli E. coli 34 (ABPC, PIPC) MIC (Table 14) Cefazolin (CEZ) MIC 16 m g/ml 4 MEPM MIC 0.063 m g/ml Cefozopran (CZOP) IPM 0.125 m g/ml CFPM Cefpirome (CPR) MIC 0.25 m g/ml (6) K. pneumoniae K. pneumoniae 15
114( 22 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 7. Staphylococcus aureus 39 2001
Table 8. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 115( 23 ) Staphylococcus epidermidis 13 2001
116( 24 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 9. Enterococcus faecalis 44 2001
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 117( 25 ) Table 10. Enterococcus avium 10 2001
118( 26 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 11. Enterococcus faecium 7 2001
Table 12. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 119( 27 ) Enterococcus spp. 8 2001
120( 28 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 13. Streptococcus spp. 15 2001
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 121( 29 ) Table 14. Escherichia coli 34 2001
122( 30 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 15. Klebsiella pneumoniae 15 2001
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 123( 31 ) Table 16. Enterobacter cloacae 18 2001
124( 32 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 17. Morganella morganii 3 2001
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 125( 33 ) Table 18. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 28 2001
126( 34 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 19. Peptostreptococcus prevotii 9 * 2001
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 127( 35 ) Table 20. Peptostreptococcus spp. 14 * 2001
128( 36 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 21. Bacteroides fragilis group 53 2001
Table 22. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 129( 37 ) Bacteroides spp. 2 * 2001
130( 38 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 23. Fusobacterium spp. 4 * 2001
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 131( 39 ) Table 24. Prevotella spp. 7 * 2001
132( 40 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. Table 25. Veillonella spp. 3 * 2001
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 133( 41 ) MIC (Table 15) Cefotiam (CTM) MIC 2 m g/ml MEPM MIC 0.063 mg/ml CRMN MIC 0.125 mg/ml CZOP, CEPM, IPM AZT MIC 0.25 m g/ml FMOX, CMX CPR MIC 0.5 m g/ml GM MIC 0.5 m g/ml Amikacin (AMK) 2 m g/ml (7) Enterobacter spp. E. cloacae 18 (Table 16) MEPM, IPM, CFPM (11) Bacteroides spp. Bacteroides fragilis group 53 MIC 90 MEPM IPM 1 mg/ml MINO 4 m g/ml, LVFX 8 m g/ml, Sulbactam/Cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) 16 m g/ml (Table 21) Bacteroides spp. IPM MEPM (Table 22) (12) Fusobacterium spp Fusobacterium spp. 4 (Table 23) (13) Prevottela spp. Prevottela spp. 7 IPM, MEPM (Table 24) (8) Morganella morganii M. morganii 3 CFPM, CPR, LVFX, Aztreonam (AZT), CZOP, LMOX, MEPM (Table 17) (14) Veillonella spp. Veillonella spp. 3 CLDM, ABPC (Table 25) (9) P. aeruginosa P. aeruginosa 28 MIC 90 GM 2 m g/ml AMK, Isepacin (ISP), LVFX 4 mg/ml (Table 18) (10) Peptostreptococcus spp. Peptostreptococcus prevotii 9 MEPM TEIC (Table 19) Peptostreptococcus spp. P. prevotii (Table 20) III 1982 7 1994 13) 1990 16,17) B. fragilis B. fragilis group 3 1990
134( 42 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. B. fragilis group 10) E. coli 11), Klebsiella spp. Enterococcus spp. Enterococcus spp., Pseudomonas spp. 12) MRSA Staphylococcus spp. 15 17) VCM, ABK TEIC MRSA, Pseudomonas spp. Enterococcus spp. 13 17) VCM MIC 4 m g/ml S. aureus 1 S. aureus, S. epidermidis, E. faecalis Enterococcus spp. E. coli CEZ 100mg/mL MIC 10% 11,13 15) P. aeruginosa IPM 50 m g/ml MIC 20% B. fragilis group MIC 100 m g/ml 16 19) Bacteroides spp. Prevotella spp. MRSA E. coli K. pneumoniae CEZ CTM CMZ MRSA Pseudomonas spp. Enterococcus spp. IPM CZOP CAZ VCM ABK VCM, ABK, TEIC 2 E. coli K. pneumoniae P. aeruginosa VCM 1) 1 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 39: 2557 2578, 1986 2) 2 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 41: 361 389, 1988 3) 37: 731 743, 1989 4) (MRSA) 2: 232 240, 1990 5) 3: 103 108, 1991
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 135( 43 ) 6) 4: 43 49, 1992 7) MRSA 5: 105 111, 1993 8) Jpn. J. Antibiotics 47: 493 501, 1994 9) Jpn. J. Antibiotics 47: 1329 1343, 1994 10) 24: 40 45, 1995 11) Escherichia coli Jpn. J. Antibiotics 49: 456 464, 1996 12) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Jpn. J. Antibiotics 49: 544 554, 1996 13) 1994 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 49: 849 891, 1996 14) 1995 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 50: 143 177, 1997 15) 1996 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 52: 398 430, 1999 16) Bacteroides fragilis group 28: 48 54, 1998 17) 29: 104 111, 1999 18) 30: 36 43, 2000 19) 30: 141 147, 2000 20) 1997 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 53: 533 565, 2000 21) 1998 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 54: 497 531, 2001 BACTERIA ISOLATED FROM SURGICAL INFECTIONS AND ITS SUSCEPTIBILITIES TO ANTIMICROBIAL AGENTS SPECIAL REFERENCES TO BACTERIA ISOLATED BETWEEN APRIL 2001 AND MARCH 2002 NAGAO SHINAGAWA Department of Surgery, Nagoya Midori Municipal Hospital NAOKI AIKAWA and KAZUHIKO SEKINE Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University KOICHI HIRATA, TADASHI KATSURAMAKI and MITSUHIRO MUKAIYA The First Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine SHIGETOMI IWAI and KOUMEI KATO The Third Department of Surgery, Nihon University, School of Medicine YASUHIDE USHIJIMA Department of Surgery, Saitama National Hospital TAKESHI SATO Department of Surgery, Surugadai Hospital, Nihon University, School of Medicine
136( 44 ) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 Apr. JIRO YURA Digestive Disease Center, Matsunami General Hospital HIRONOBU OHNISHI and TSUNEHIRO MAEDA The Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical School TADAO MANABE, HIROMITSU TAKEYAMA and MASAMITSU HASEGAWA Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery MASAAKI TANIGUCHI Department of Surgery, Nagoya City Koseiin Hospital KEIJI MASHITA Department of Surgery, Bisai Hospital SYU ISHIKAWA Department of Surgery, Takahama Municipal Hospital AKIRA MIZUNO Department of Surgery, Inabe Kousei Hospital NORIAKI TANAKA and HIROMI IWAGAKI The First Department of Surgery, Okayama University, School of Medicine SADAYOSHI FUCHIMOTO and FUMIYUKI INOUE Department of Surgery, Fukuyama National Hospital HIDEYUKI KIMURA Department of Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai Hospital EIJI KONAGA and HITOSHI TAKEUCHI Department of Surgery, Iwakuni National Hospital TAIJIRO SUEDA and YOSHIO TAKESUE Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University HIROAKI KINOSHITA and KEN MORIMOTO The Second Department of Surgery, Osaka City University, School of Medicine TAKASHI YOKOYAMA and EIZO HIYAMA Department of Genaral Medicine, Hiroshima University, School of Medicine MIKIO FUJIMOTO Department of Surgery, Fujiidera Municipal Hospital SEIYO IKEDA and YOICHI YASUNAMI Department of Surgery 1, Fukuoka University, School of Medicine HIROSHI TANIMURA Department of Surgery, Wakayama Rosai Hospital YUMIKO SUZUKI and YUTAKA NAKANE Section of Studies, Tokyo Clinical Research Center Isolated bacteria from infections in general surgery during the period from April 2001 to March 2002 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, four hundred and twenty strains were isolated from 175 (79.2%) of 221 patients with surgical
THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 56 2 137( 45 ) infections. One hundred and eighty-six strains were isolated from primary infections, and 234 strains were isolated from postoperative infections. From primary infections, anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, while from postoperative infections, aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, although the isolation rate of Staphylococcus aureus was the highest, followed by that of Enterococcus faecalis from primary infections, the isolation rate of E. faecalis was the highest from postoperative infections. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Peptostreptococcus spp. was the highest from both types of infections. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in this order, and from postoperative infections, P. aeruginosa was the most predominantly isolated, followed by Enterobacter spp., E. coli and Klebsiella spp. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of Bacteroides fragilis group was the highest from both types of infections. The isolation rate of aerobic Gram-negative bacteria from primary infections and that of aerobic Gram-positive bacteria from postoperative infections were high in the last several years. We noticed no vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci.