JIL
2 1980 vol.3 15 3
1 3 15 18 IT 26 28 33
20 OECD 80 90 (1998) (2000) 2 Aghion et al. (1999) OECD 1970 1
2 70 1980 90
1.1 Kuznets U inverted U-shaped hypothesis GNP U 1 18901940 6 3 Kuznets(1955) (1963) 4 1974Ono and Watanabe1976Otsuki and Takamatsu1978 1987 1995 1996 Ono and Watanabe Otsuki and Takamatsu LTES (1986) 5 6 Ono and Watanabe Otsuki and Takamatsu 3
Ono and Watanabe (1976) 1970 Otsuki and 1996 (1974) (1976) Takamatsu (1978) (1987) (1995) (1978) 7 (1974) 0.4 0.5 0.3 8 7 8 (1978) 4
9 10 1950 60 11 12 1960 70 60 1360 70 50 60 60 70 1970 1.21980 1960 70 80 9 1946 11 10 10 (1986) GHQ 1940 45 11 (1974) Wada, R. (1975) Impacts of Economic Growth on the Size Distribution of Income: The Postwar Experience of Japan, in Japan Economic Research Center and Council of Asian Manpower Studies, Income Distribution, Employment and Economic Development in Southeast and East Asia, JERC and CAMS 1950 1960 12 13 5
80 14 1997 2000 2000 6
2000 0.3 0.31 0.37 0.4 1980 (() ()) 80 99 20 0.315 0.366 16.2% 80 9.8%90 7.0% 80 80 90 80 99 20 (()) 0.272 0.301 10.7% 16.2% 7
80 80 5.5%90 3.4% (()) (() ) 1980 0.349 0.322 92 0.439 0.364 80 92 13.0% 8
1980 20 15% 10% 1980 1.3 8090 1999 30 0.25 70 0.5 1985 96 20 15 60 90 30% 15 197994 (2000) 9
1999 1985 96 85 96 0.364 0.395 8.5% 85 96 0.372 2.2% 60 17 29 85 0.302 96 0.360 19.2% 85 29 96 0.34213.2% 1980 92 32.9 48.6 14.1 80 30 19 16 (1994) 17 p.p.63-67 18 (1999) () 19 10
market income disposable income 20 1980 1990 1999 80 99 10.4% 7.4% 2 30% 1980 30 75% 1 1995 10% 80 20 21 11
90 2 22 1980 1980 1990 NEEDS-RADER 32.8% 22 23 (1994) (1998) (2000) (2001) 24 12
1981 93 1993 97 1984 94 1980 1.4 1992 0.364 0.340 28 80 90 1998 1999 2000 (1998) 1984 0.29894 0.340 0.2520.265 25 26 27 p.35-39 28 13
94 1980 92 80 92 14
1970 1970 0.414 69 0.398 73 0.383 72 0.381 73 0.355 69 0.354 67 0.354 73 0.318 69 0.316 66 0.312 70 0.307 72 0.302 : M. Sawyer(1976) 1970 30 1970 0.355 12 29 1980 (1994) 1980 (1992) (1994) 30 Sawyer(1976) 15
31 OECD 1983 Luxembourg Income Study LIS 25 LIS LIS 32 1980 0.3 0.2 80 90 84 0.252 31 (1998)p78 32 2002 http://www.stat.go.jp/data/zensyo/topics LIS 16
Atkinson et al.(1995) 99 0.273 8.3 90 (2002) LIS 1980 90 80 0.4 16 3 0.347 0.3 17
18 33 16% 36% 1980 92 34 6.2% 6.6% % 35 1 75 1970 64.2% 2000 83.1% 35.8% 16.9 33 =(1)(2) (1) % 34 35
1980 3.1 30 10 10% 10% 36 1970 80 90 80 90 36 log(w)1og(wd9)1og(wd1) (WD9WD1)WD1 WD9 WD1 19
9 10 80 90 8090 90 37 1980 90 80 20 3.2 1980 40 45 45 40 37 (2001) 20
1980 1979 99 80 30% 90 80 90 39 401974 1990 864 1974 0.302 78 0.331 90 0.309 1980 38 39 40 (1994) 41 1974 78 82 86 90 21
3.3 80 42 80 1.23 2001 1.29 20 1.33 20 39 20 4559 20 80 30 90 80 40 80 50 90 20 40 1980 80 1.61 2001 1.58 2.36 2.01 1.16 1.14 1.80 1.71 1985 43 a. b. a. 42 43 (1997) 1980 (19972002) 22
44 1980 90 45 1980 59% 94 64% 1980 70% 94 80 46 47 90 86 94 20 1 80 48 1980 65 98 60% 1983 1 compensating wage differentials 44 (1997) 45 46 (1997) 47 (1998) 48 1 1 23
49 50 3.4 51 52 90 53 54 49 (1997) 1983 1983 50 (2001) (2002) 51 1980 52 (1997)p.p.298-299 53 (1997) (2000) 54 (1999) (2001) 24
55 198090 1980 56 57 IT 1980 IT 2030 20 IT 1980 1015% 58 IT 59 60 30% 61 62 35 55 (1997) (2000) 56 (1997) 57 58 Krueger(1993) 59 DiNardo and Pischke(1997) 60 Bartel and Sicherman(1999) 61 (2000) 62 (1999) 25
63 1980 90 8090 1216% 2 10% 8 2 1980 1 80 90 1970 63 (2001) 1999 26
7 1980 90 80 20 1980 20 40 2 20 40 80 90 90 1 64 65 90 90 66 67 68 64 (2001) 65 50% Atkinson et al.(1995) 66 (1998) (1999) (2001) 67 (2000) 27
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(1999) 11 (2001) No.493, pp.15-29 (2001) No.494, pp.16-30 (2000) 12 Krueger, Alan B. (1993) How Computers Have Changed the Wage Structure: Evidence from Microdata, 1984-1989, Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.108, No.1, February, pp.33-60. (2001) No.490 Kuznets, Simon (1955) Economic Growth and Income Inequality, American Economic Review, Vol.45 No.1, March, pp.1-28. (1963) Quantitative Aspects of the Economic Growth of Nations, Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol.11, No.2, pp.1-80. (1993) 80 No.24, pp.97-115 (1996) (1987) Vol.38, No.4, pp.333-352 (1974) Vol.25, No.4, pp.345-366 (1986) Vol.37, No.2, pp.152-158 (2001),pp.24-29 (1978) Vol.29, No.1, pp.44-60 (1995) Vol.46, No.2, pp.59-77 (1997) 2001 Discussion Paper 01-11 (1997) (2002) No.501, pp.81-84. No.142 (1998) 11 OECD(1998) Income Distribution and Poverty in Selected OECD Countries, Economic Department Working Papers No.189. (1994) (2002)? No.505, pp.3-17 29
(2000) No.481, pp.36-50 (1998) No.480, pp.2-11 (2001) No., pp.51-66 Ono, Akira and Watanabe, Tsunehiko(1976) Changes in Income Inequality in the Japanese Economy, Hugh Patrick ed. Japanese Industrialization and Its Social Consequences, University of California Press. (2000) No.480, pp.33-40 (1999) 196594 (1994)1980 The Economic Studies Quarterly Vol.45, No.5, pp.385-402 (2000)90 No.480, pp.2-11 (2001) (1997) (1999)? Vol.35, No.1, pp.65-76 (2002) Otsuki, T. and Takamatsu, N. (1978) An Aspect of the Size Distribution of Income in Prewar Japan, Working Paper Series No.9, International Development Center of Japan. (2002) (1991) (2000) Sawyer, M. (1976) Income Distribution in OECD Countries, OECD Economic Outlook. (1999) 12, pp.66-83 (2000) Vol.51, No.2, pp.115-136 (2001)198090 No.494, pp.2-15 (2001) No.500, pp.72-85 (1998) (2000) No.480, pp.41-52 30
(1994) (1992) (1994) (1996) (1986) Vol.26, No.2 (1994) (1999) Vol.50, No.3, pp.259-283 (2000) No.480, pp.21-32 (1993) 31
33 100 100 ABC Gini Si i i-1 10000 qi i ri i household income wage earnings
1 3 1 2 3 market income household disposable income 4 6 a a : Atkinson et al.(1995, Table 2.1, pp.14) 1 wage earnings 34
W = D S E 01 0 1 0.5 2 1 1.41 1.73 35
1972 2001 3 2002 3 2001 9 473 1999 4 2001