A Typological Study of Information Systems Shinya MAKINO Abstract Information systems have essentially the characteristics as social systems. Therefore it is useful to study the typology of information systems according to the feature of the social system. In this paper, we propose a typology of information systems referring to Sociological Paradigms by Burrel and Morgan. We set the following four types of information systems, and try to classify various concepts of information systems into these types. (1) Information systems for substitution (Type I), characterized by objectivity and stability. This type includes EDPS, MIS (in a narrow sense), and OLTPS, etc. (2) Information systems for support (Type II), characterized by subjectivity and stability. This type includes MIS, DSS, ESS, OA, and EUC, etc. (3) Information systems for expansion (Type III), characterized by objectivity and evolution. This type includes SIS, BPR, and ERP, etc. (4) Information systems for emergence (Type IV), characterized by subjectivity and evolution. This type includes CSCW, groupware, and knowledge management, etc. Especially, it seems that information systems for emergence become a significant issue of information systems in the future. 1 1 1951 UNIVAC I 1975 166 1
2 buzzword jargon G. Burrell G. Morgan 3 4 5 2 1998a 3 Burrell=Morgan (1979). 4 Ibid., 5 5 Ibid., 5 2
6 7 8 9 10 6 Ibid., 22 7 Ibid., 22 8 Ibid., 2628 9 Ibid., 2943 10 R. Hirschheim H. K. Klein Information Systems Development Neo-humanism Hirschheim=Klein (1989) 3
11 12 11 McDonough (1963), p.76. 12 Barnard (1938) 85 4
1960 13 Punched Card Systems 14 Electronic Data Processing Systems: 15 13 1958 IBM 1959 IBM UNIVAC 1975163165 1954 GE UNIVAC 167168 14 15 19896364 Automatic Data Processing: Integrated Data Processing: 198916 Office Automation: 5
180 16 17 1960 Management Information Systems: 1950 American Management 16 200072 17 IBM H. Grosch 200071 MPU 6
Association J. D. Gallagher 18 19 1967 20 21 22 R. L. Ackoff 23 24 25 1970 Decision Support 18 1993, 50 1958 D. S. Staller L. Van Horn 19 1995915 20 198150 21 Gallagher (1961) 2 22 1986, 811 23 Ackoff (1967). 24 199320 25 7
Systems: G. A. Gorry M. S. Scott Morton 26 R. N. Anthony 27 H. A. Simon 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Structured Decision Systems 36 26 Gorry=Scott Morton (1971). 27 Anthony (1965). 28 Simon (1977). 1960 29 Gorry=Scott Morton (1971), p.57. 30 Anthony (1965) 21 31 Anthony (1965) 22 32 Anthony (1965) 23 33 Simon (1977) 63 34 Simon (1977) 63 35 Gorry=Scott Morton (1971), pp.6061. 36 McCosh=Scott Morton (1978), p.10. Keen=Scott Morton (1978), p.1. 8
R. H. Sprague, Jr. E. D. Carlson 37 Executive Information Systems: Executive Support Systems: 38 1970 Office Automation 1950 39 40 M. D. Zisman 41 1990 End User Computing: 37 Sprague= Carlson (1982), 3246 38 Rockart=Treacy (1982), Rockart=De Long (1988). 39 40 19891619 41 Zisman (1978), pp.12. 9
42 1980 C. Wiseman Strategic Information Systems 43 44 45 46 47 42 Davis (1985), Emery (1987). 43 Wiseman (1988) 95 44 199323 45 Wiseman (1988) 8486 46 Management Support Systems: Wiseman (1988) 8688 47 Ibid., 8391 10
conventional perspective strategic perspective 48 Computerized Reservation Systems: 49 50 1990 Business Process Re-engineering: 51 M. Hammer J. Champy 52 53 48 Ibid., 1115 49 Ibid., 1523 50 1991 51 1994 52 Hammer=Champy (1993) 57 53 Ibid., 137 11
54 T. H. Davenport 55 56 A. D. Chandler, Jr. 57 H. I. Ansoff 58 1990 Enterprise Resource Management: 1990 Computer Supported Cooperative Work: 59 54 Ibid., 139151 55 Davenport (1993) 6974 56 Davenport (1993) 148 57 Chandler (1962) 29 58 Ansoff (1965) 205 59 1978 P. and T. 12
60 collaboration: 61 62 63 1990 64 65 1990 Knowledge Management: 66 67 M. Polanyi 68 Johnson-Lentz 1984 I. Greif P. Cashman 2000 121 60 1994, 1015 2000, 47 61 Schrage (1990), 78131 62 1995811 63 1993150157 64 65 1996 66 1990 1994Nonaka=Takeuchi (1995). 67 2001 68 Polanyi (1966). 13
69 70 71 72 emergence 73 69 Nonaka=Takeuchi (1995) 70 19992428 71 2001 72 von Krogh=Ichijo=Nonaka (2000) 3357 73 1993912 14
74 75 74 199324 75 19896369 19932122 15
Supply Chain Planning Supply Chain Management 76 77 78 79 80 81 76 2002 77 2000426427 78 2001186188 79 80 Linux 81 http://www.gala-net.co.jp 16
82 83 84 1980 85 82 83 Mintzberg (1989). 84 Peters=Waterman (1982). 85 1998b 2000 17
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