taki kasa leso Leso lesofoko Foko leso fokokasa leso foko kasataki 1970,,, 49
7 km 41 280 1923 6 9 1973 200230 446 mm/ 300 mm 300 mm 20 m/s 10 m/s 99 73 74% 12 12% 13 13% Arenosols Arenosols 10 240 m 50
51 Vol.10 No. 49 57 2005 1.2 1.5 m taki taki taki 1 10 40 kg30 10 11 12 1
A 2003 1520 12 2,500 CFA = 500 100 kg 12,000 CFA 120 zongokolo dogo hatsi maiwa bazaumi zongokolo dogo hatsi bazaumi maiwa zongokolo maiwa dogo hatsi zongokolo bazaumi maiwa 11 Maiwa Cassia mimosoides Andropogon gayanus Merremia angustifolia 2003 8 hauya2.5 3.0 m 10 1.5 2.5 m 5 cm 11 100 Hayashi et al. 11 kasa fara kasa ja kasa masara kasakasa taki leso Leso leso leso taki leso 52
Vol.10 No. 49 57 2005 leso Leso foko X foko 87.1% leso foko kasa 3 leso foko kasa leso foko taki 2003 4 m 2 2 m 2 m 2.25 m 2 1.5 m 1.5 m 4 m 2 5 kg 12.5 t/ha 50 kg 125 t/ha kasa 2.25 m 2 5YR 7/4 1 58.7 kg/cm 2 43.3 kg/cm 2 39.3 kg/cm 2 2 10 cm 40 5YR 4/6 kasa ja kasa gara 53
12.6 kg/cm 2 4.9 kg/cm 2 64.1 kg/cm 2 4 mm 11 40 5YR 7/3 42.3 kg/cm 2 5YR 6/6 19.4 kg/cm 2 Digitaria debilis 3 cm Balanites aegyptiaca 2.7 3.3 cm 5.0 6.8 cm 5YR 4/2 9.0 kg/cm 2 D.debilis Triumfetta pentandra Cassia mimosoides 22 D.debilis 19 21 cm 45.8 kg/cm 2 D. debilis 4.2 cm TDR 15 cm 200312.6 m 2 180 kg = 140 t/ha 43.0 3.4 cm 2.5YR 3/4 6.8 11.5 cm 3.2 kg/cm 2 22 1.7 kg/cm 2 11 7.0 kg/cm 2 2003 11 66 21 23 10 11%15% 54
Vol.10 No. 49 57 2005 20 mm 7.6% 21.8%29.4% 1.9% 11.0% 12.9% 13 26 mm 10.1% 23 5 mm 11 20 25 mm 2%12 28 mm 6.5% 40.5 mm 14.2% kasa leso foko taki kasa leso foko Leso foko 12 leso foko kasa leso leso foko 55
foko,13 14,15 16 17,18 taki 19 A 2 14252012 S 2 16101009 B 2 13490025 B 1671017614 15 X 1988 61 Ser.A 2, 205-228 1998 50 4 287-295 1992 TOTO 93-109. 1992 56
Vol.10 No. 49 57 2005 TOTO 207-236. FAO/UNESCO 1971 Soil map of the world 1:5,000,000. Rome, UNESCO. Hayashi, K., O. Fashola, T. Masunaga and T. Wakatsuki 2000 Indigenous soil knowledge for sustainable agricultural development in the Sahel zone of Niger, West Africa 1. Soil quality characterization of a small inland valley watershed. Tropics, 9 4, 245-258. Baier, S. 1980 An economic history of central Niger. Oxford Studies in African Affairs, Oxford, Clarendon Press. Oyama, S. 2002 Agriculture and grazing in the arid environment of Sahel: subsistence economy of Hausa cultivators in southern Niger. In: Hori, N., eds., Human Response to drastic change of environments in Africa II, Tokyo Metropolitan University, 83-105. 1992 TOTO 10 1997 81-123 11 Hayashi, K., O. Fashola, T. Masunaga and T. Wakatsuki 2000 Indigenous soil knowledge for sustainable agricultural development in the Sahel zone of Niger, West Africa 2. Indigenous soil classification system. Tropics, 9 4, 259-273. 12 1996 74 51-57 13 Orr, B. 1995 Natural forest management in Sahelian ecosystems of southern Niger. Journal of Arid Environments, 30, 129-142. 14 Harris, F. 1999 Nutrient management strategies of small-holder farmers in a short-fallow farming system in north-east Nigeria. The Geographical Journal, 165 3, 275-285. 15 Ayantunde, A. A. 2000 Herder's perceptions, practice, and problems of night grazing in the Sahel: Case studies from Niger. Human Ecology, 28 1, 109-130. 16 1989 17 Bagine, R. K. N. 1984 Soil translocation by termites of the genus Odontotemes Holmgren Isoptera: Macrotermitinae in an arid area of Northern Kenya. Oecologia, 64, 263-266. 18 Benemann, J. R. 1973 Nitrogen fixation in termites. Science, 181, 164-165. 19 2001. 2004 272004 10 57