--- --- () ([2004]pp.1-2) [2006] 3 () / by () () () () 1
by () by () A S A S A (A ) S A S A S S A A S [2009] [1] [2] R. [2008] [3]Is-Ought Gap 2
[2009] 3 [1]M. [2007] Sandis[2009] [1][2]([3] Charles Pigden ed., Hume, 'is', and 'ought': New Essays 5 ) C. Pigden [2009] Hume on Motivation and Virtue 4 E. Millgram[1995] Was Hume a Humean? Karlsson[2006] Reason, Passion, and the influencing Motives of Will 2 3
Millgram, E. [1995] Was Hume a Humean?, in Hume Studies, Vol.XXI, No. 1, pp.75-93 practical reasoning -(Smith, M.[1987], Lewis, D.[1988]) (- ) 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 4
(-) (Cf. by [1986]) () () vivacity representationality() ()- () () 5
() 6
Pigden, C. R., [2009] If Not Non-Cognitivism, Then What?, in Hume on Motivation and Virtue, ed. by Pigden, C. R., Palgrave Macmillan. () the Motivation Argument Pigden F truth-apt - response-dependent (1) (2) genuine 7
(1 ) (2 ) (3a)(1 )(2 ) (3 ) (4 )(3 ) (5) (1 ). (3.7) (=) (2 ). (3.11) ( ) (i) () [] [] (i) [] 8
(v)[] [1] [2] [1 ] () () ( [2009]) 9
() (1 ) disposition (2 ) (3a )(1 )(2 ) (3 ) (3b) (3c) (4 )(/)(/) (5 )[] / () (2 ) 10
Smith, M. [2009] The Motivation Argument for Non-Cognitivism, in Hume on Motivation and Virtue, ed. by Pigden, C. R., Palgrave Macmillan. () (1) (2) moral view (3) (4) [] (2) practical rationality 1 Darwall[1995] The British Moralists. (X A )(X )(A ) (X A ) X A 11
(e.g., Millgram[1995]etc. (Korsgaard[1986])) 2 Botros, S. [2006] Hume, Reason and Morality, Routledge, pp.225-6 [Cognitivism] The view that moral judgements are beliefs about a given objective property of an action on whose presence their truth depends. [Non-cognitivism] The view that moral judgements are expressions of feeling or desire, not belief. by --- --- Sandis[2009]p.147 (Cf. Blackburn[1996],p.180) 12
e.g., () 13
( ) [] [] (Cf. [2009]) ( ) ( )/ () 14
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cf. [2004] - disposition 15
Hurtig, K.[2009] Why Internalists about Reasons should be Humeans about Motivation, in Hume on Motivation and Virtue, ed. by Pigden, C. R., Palgrave Macmillan. () Hurtig () Hurtig ( ) X ()X [] [ ]S (Williams[1981]p.108) [CMI] CMI [] ( H) 16
H disposition [ ] (Parfit[1997], Broome[1997]) (Scanlon[1998]) () NRFFB 1 (a) (b) 1(a) CMI 17
(c) 2 (a) (b) 2(a) CMI (c) 1 1(c) 1(a) 2 2(c) 2(a) CMI TMoNB 3 (a) [] 18
(b) 3(a) CMI (c) 3(c)NRFFB 3(a) CMI 3(b)3(a) 3(a) TMoNB CMI TMoNB TMoNB 1 2 CMI TMoNB p A [] sub-humean(williams[1981]) p.17 (Williams[1981]pp.101-2, Cf. [2009]) 19
Sandis, C. [2009] Hume and the Debate on Motivation Reasons, in Hume on Motivation and Virtue, ed. by Pigden, C. R., Palgrave Macmillan. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Mele[1992], Smith[1994], Lenman[1996]. need only [] Nagel[1970], Foot[1972b], McDowell[1978&1979], McNoughton[1988]. purely Parfit[1997], Dancy[1993&2000]. Nagel[1970], Mele[1992], Smith[1994], Brink[1997]. Dancy[1995&2000], Collins[1997]. Williams[1980], Nagel[1997]. 20
Broome[1997], Raz[1986], Scanlon[1999], Dancy[2000], Quinn[1993] (CV)TOM CV TOM reason [] T 3.1.1.6; SBN457 Pigden[2009] (P1) (P2) (C) 21
(Korsgaard[1986&1997a], Millgram[1995], Hampton[1995]) -[] - X CV 22
CV... CV vs. vs. CV 23
Karlsson, M. M., [2006] Reason, Passion, and the influencing Motives of Will, in Blackwell guide to Hume s Treatise, ed. by Traiger, S., Blackwell Publishing pp. 246-52 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- (Kydd[1946], Ardal[1966], Norton[1982], Baier[1991], Radcliffe[1999], Karlsson[2000, 2001]) Humean Humean 1 S A G S G (not necessarily) S A 1 S A S A 24
A [1]A ( transmission) 2 S A G. S G A. (not necessarily) S A. 3 S A G. S G. S A. (not necessarily) S A. 25
[2]Box A Box G S S A S Box Box 4 S A. S A. Box A S S A S 3 Box S A S s desire to realize or achieve G S s desire to do A A S A A Sandis[2009] Finlay[2009] 26
5 () S A G. S A G A. S A S G A. 6 () S O. S A O. S O. S A. S A. 27
creatures of reason ( Pigden[2009], Sandis[2009].) T 3.1.1.12; SBN459 () Box () Box () 7 Hume-ish master model S O. S A O. S O. S A. 28
S A. [1] [][]. [2]. (by ) [3]. [4] ( 7) pp.28-9 content () () ( ) 6 29
- -& ( ) [1]- [2] Box 30
[2].. () () [1] () - ( ) (/) (/) (/) -- () 31
T 2.3.3 / T 3.1.1.9 T 2.3.3 / T 3.1.1.9 - T 1.3.10 32
Bibliography [2006] [2004] 27 pp.1-28 [2009] () [2009] 58 pp.93-107 Botros, S. [2006] Hume, Reason and Morality A legacy of contradiction, Routledge. Cohon, R. [2008] Hume s Morality, Oxford University Press. Darwall, S.[1995] The British moralists and the internal ought :1640-1740, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Karlsson, M. M. [2006] Reason, Passion, and the Influencing Motives of the Will, in Blackwell guide to Hume s Treatise, ed. by Traiger, S., Blackwell Publishing pp. 246-52 Millgram, E. [1995] Was Hume a Humean?, in Hume Studies, Vol. XXI, No.1, pp.75-93 Pigden, C. R. [2009] Hume on Motivation and Virtue, Palgrave Macmillan. Schroeder, M. [2007] Slaves of the Passions, Oxford University Press Smith, M. [1994] The Moral Problem, Blackwell. 33