13 26 4 25 RITE
IPCC CO2 CO2 CO2
I. CCS
IPCC 55ppmv PNNL IIASA
DNE21+ 2 25 21 54 77 CCS IPCC SRES B2 4 LNG CO2
CO2 CO2 5,6 GtC 1,5 GtC 1% CO2 1 RITE Akimoto et al., Proc. of GHGT7, 24
CO2 CO 2 (GtC) CO 2 ($/tc) EOR 3.7 81 118 4.2 241.5 34 215 ECBM 4.4 113 447 856.4 * 18 143 36 ** CO 2 2 * 1% 2% ** CO 2 USGS, 2 IEA-GHG, 2 77 : IPCCSRCCS Technical Summary Lower estimate Upper estimate (Gt-CO2) (GtC) (Gt-CO2) (GtC) Oil & gas fields 675 184 9 245 Unminable coal seams (ECBM 3-15 1-4 2 55 Deep saline formations 1 273 Uncertain, but possibly 1 4 27
CO2 CO2 emission from energy (MtC/yr) 1 8 6 4 2 Non-annex I United States Annex I IPCC S55 199 2 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 21 Year IPCC S55: IPCC WG1 CO255ppmv 21 Annex I EU15 GDPCO21 18% 215213-217 Annex I 25 9 6% EU27Non-Annex I Non-Annex I 9 21Non-Annex I
CO2 emissions & reductions (MtC/yr) 2 15 1 5 CO2 IPCC S55 KP+UK Net emission in Reference Case Energy Saving Fuel Switching among Fossil Fuels Nuclear Power Renewables CO2 Geological Storage CO2 Ocean Storage Net Emission 2 21 22 23 24 25 Year 77 CCS CO2 emissions & reductions (MtC/yr) 2 15 1 5 IPCC S55 Net emission in Reference Case 2 21 22 23 24 25 Year Energy Saving Fuel Switching among Fossil Fuels Nuclear Power Renewables CO2 Geological Storage CO2 Ocean Storage Net Emission
IPCC 1,7GtCO2 1 4 GtCO2 CO2 CCS CO2 CCS CCS CO2
II. CO2
CCS CO2 CO2 CO2 12
CCS Large-scale emission sources (ERD) Reservoir 1km Sea ( ) Offshore platform Submarine pipeline Subsea wellhead
CO2 5 4 Onshore (.1Mt/yr/well) Onshore (.5Mt/yr/well) ERD (.1Mt/yr/well) Injection cost [JPY/tCO2] 3 2 1 ERD (.5Mt/yr/well) Injection rate: 1. [Mt/yr] CO2 5 1 15 2 Injection depth [m] Injection cost [JPY/tCO2] 14 12 1 8 6 4 1Mt/yr;.1Mt/yr/well 1Mt/yr;.5Mt/yr/well.2Mt/yr;.1Mt/yr/well.2Mt/yr;.5Mt/yr/well Injection depth: 1, [m] Injection cost [JPY/tCO2] 14 12 1 8 6 4 1Mt/yr;.1Mt/yr/well 1Mt/yr;.5Mt/yr/well.2Mt/yr;.1Mt/yr/well.2Mt/yr;.5Mt/yr/well Injection depth: 1, [m] 2 2 2 4 6 8 1 2 4 6 8 1 Distance from shore [km] Distance from shore [km]
CO2 1 Transportation cost (JPY/tCO2) 8 6 4 2 2 4 6 8 1 Distance of transportation (km) Land pipeline (1MtCO2/yr) Land pipeline (.2MtCO2/yr) Offshore pipeline (1MtCO2/yr) Offshore pipeline (.2MtCO2/yr) Liquid CO2 by tanker (1MtCO2/yr) Liquid CO2 by tanker (.2MtCO2/yr)
CO2 -IPCC - 12 1 ENAA (24) RITE (24) NEDO (1992) 25 2 This study (Offshore) JPY/tCO2/km 8 6 This study (Land) 15 1 US$/tCO2/25km 4 2 5.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 Mass flow rate (MtCO 2 /yr) CO2
CCS CO2:1. MtCO2/yr :.5 MtCO2/yr/well
t-co2 t-co2 t-co2 t-co2 t-co2 t-co2 t-co2 t-co2 RITE/ENAA 17 26
A2 A3 CO2 injection cost [JPY/tCO2] 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.1Mt/yr/well.5Mt/yr/well 1.Mt/yr/well 1 2 3 4 5 6 Cumulative CO 2 storage [MtCO 2 ] CO2 injection cost [JPY/tCO2] 7 6 5 4 3 2 1.1Mt/yr/well.5Mt/yr/well 1.Mt/yr/well 2 4 6 8 1 12 14 16 5m Cumulative CO 2 storage [MtCO 2 ]
II. CO2
CO2 2 25 25, 21, 215, 22, 225, 23, 24, 25 47 52A2 5m 1 CO2 CO2 CO2 LPG LNG 9 4 4
A2 5m 52 5,72 MtCO2 A2 6,28 MtCO2
CCS (US$/(tC/day)) (MWh/tC) CO 2 LNG CO 2 59,1 52,.792.35 112,5 1,.927.719 : David and Herzog IGCC A2
-1%/yr -3%/yr 1.27 (21 ) 1.18 (23 ) 1.1 (25 ) H14 GDP +1.5 %/yr 2-25 GDP IPCC SRES B2 -.2 -.3 6185 kw 2 /kwh 22
CO2 Case 1: 25GDPCO22 Case 2: 25GDPCO22 (25 1 ) CO2 Case A: 5 CO2/year/well Case B: 1 CO2/year/well Case 1-A Case 1-B Case 2-A Case 2-B
CO2 CO2 emission and storage (MtC/yr) 5 4 3 2 1 Case 1-A Emission in Reference Case (BaU) Net CO2 emission in Case 1 Emission reduction by - Energy saving - Nuclear energy - Renewable energy Ocean storage Geological storage 2 21 22 23 24 25 Year 22 6 MtC/yr (23 MtCO2/yr) 25 61 MtC/yr (22 MtCO2/yr)
CO2 Cumulative CO 2 geological storage (MtC) 15 12 9 6 3 Maximum potential of CO 2 geological storage assumed in this study 6 Case 1-A Case 1-B 5 Case 2-A Case 2-B 4 3 2 1 Cumulative CO 2 geological storage (MtCO 2) 2 21 22 23 24 25 Year 25 52 t- CO2
CO2 12 Case 1-A CO2 shadow price ($/tc) 1 8 6 4 2 Case 2-A Case 1-NoCCS Case 2-NoCCS 3 25 2 15 1 5 CO2 shadow price ($/tco2) 21 215 22 225 23 235 24 245 25 Year CO2
52 t-co2 1,5 t-co2 52 t-co225 CO2 CO2