戦 間 期 における 国 際 通 信 社 と 国 際 政 治 岩 永 裕 吉 クリストファー チャンセラーと 日 英 関 係 The International News Agency and International Relations between the World Wars: Yukichi IWANAGA, Christopher CHANCELLOR and the Anglo-Japanese Relations TAKAMITSU Yoshie Abstract: This article analyzes the relations between the international news agency and international politics between the World Wars with focusing on Yukichi Iwanaga, Domei News Agency and Christopher Chancellor, Reuters. Both, connected with the Foreign Ministries, played a significant role as the second track diplomacy between Japan and the United Kingdom in the 1930s. Especially in 1938, Chancellor visited Japan for the talk with the Japanese Foreign Minister, Kazushige Ugaki and Finance Minister, Shigeaki Ikeda to insist the Japanese Army withdrawal from the Shanghai International Settlement. This was organized by Iwanaga. はじめに Reuters General Manager for the Far East Christopher Chancellor 19 Havas Wolff 1859 3 1 1870 AP 1920 2 1 2013 5 32-36 Donald Read, Power of News: The History of Reuters 1849-1989, Oxford University Press, 1992. 14
1930 AP 3 2 4 2 5 1930 6 1930 7 Neville Chamberlain 1934 35 36 Sir Frederick Leith- Ross 36 38 2 2013 Tomoko Akami, Japan s News Propaganda and Reuters News Empire in Northeast Asia, 1870-1934; Soft Power of Japan s Total War State: The Board of Information and Domei News Agency in Foreign Policy, 1934-45, Republic of Letters Publishing, 2012 and 2014. 3 259-275 Akami 2012, pp. 205-301. Akami 2014, 1-192. 4 2 Joseph V. Montville 1982 2 22 2006 111 5 John Davies and Edward Kaufman ed., Second Track/Citizens Diplomacy, Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2002, p. 2. 6 7 58 1977 1985 1995 Stephen Lyon Endicott, Diplomacy and Enterprise, University of British Columbia Press, 1975. Ann Trotter, Britain and East Asia 1933-1937, Cambridge University Press, 1975. 2015 15
32 Arthur Edwards 8 9 2 1 10 Reuter Archives Jardine Matheson Archive, Cambridge University National Archives, Kew School of Oriental and African Studies Archives, London University Swire Papers 1 2 2 3 1. ロイター 連 合 通 信 契 約 とイギリス 外 務 省 11 1930 AP 12 8 143-164 9 Endicott Trotter 10 Davies and Kaufman, p. 2. 11 Endicott, p. 92. 12 259-275 16
1904 1929 1931 1 13 10 4 IPR 32 12 Lionel Curtis Royal Institute International Affairs RIIA 1927 RIIA IPR The Institute of Pacific Relations=IPR Sir John Chancellor IPR 14 John Keswick 15 1933 5 AP Kent Cooper Snow 16 Roderick Jones Francis Oswald Lindley 17 AP AP 27 18 6 7 Gascoigne 13 Reed, p. 170. 14 Minutes of 40th Meeting, 1933/3/31, IPR Committee, 6/1/3, Royal Institute of International Affairs. 1928 31 IPR Committee, Royal African Societies H. C.G. Matthew and Brian Harrison ed, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004. 15 FO371/17063, F5495, Foreign Office Minute by Harcourt Smith, 1933/8/15. 16 FO359/497, P1283/1283/150, Snow to Simon, 1933/6/1. 17 FO359/497, P1283/1283/150, Snow to Simon, 1933/6/1. 18 FO359/497, P1408/1283/150, Snow to FE, 1933/6/3. 17
32 19 6 1933 2 2 3 20 5 John Swire Archibald Rose 21 1933 6 22 AP IPR 19 FO359/497, P1283/1283/156, Memorandum by Gascoigne, 1933/6/7; Snow to Simon, 1933/6/1; Snow to Sir A. Willert, 1933/9/1. AP 20 Curtis to Swire, 1933/6/12, box1187, JSS1/3/10, School of Oriental and African Studies Archives, London University. 21 Curtis to Swire, 1933/6/12, box1187, JSS1/3/10, School of Oriental and African Studies Archives, London University. 18
AP IPR 2 23 1933 8 = Simon Harcourt-Smith 24 1933 AP 25 2. 第 一 次 近 衛 内 閣 首 脳 とチャンセラーの 会 談 1937 7 1938 5 26 1938 6 26 1933 27 22 123-11 2014 11 70-75 5 6 FO359/497, P1398/1283/150, Snow to FO, 1933/6/1; P1409, Snow to FO, 1933/6/3. 23 64-88 24 FO371/17063, F5495, Foreign Office Minute by Harcourt-Smith, 1933/8/15. Alexander Cadogan 25 FO371/18184, 1933/12/22 Snow to Orde. 74-75 26 No. 1856, 1938/07/06, MS JM/J8/1/11, Jardine Matheson Archive, Cambridge University. 27 7 1952 17 19
32 28 29 Howe 30 3. 国 際 通 信 社 と 戦 争 協 力 28 FO371/22092, F8018, Craigie to Halifax, 1938/6/28. 29 Keswick to Paterson no. 2706, 1938/9/1, J8/1/11, Jardine Matheson Archive, Cambridge University. 30 Memorandum by Carter, 1938/7/6, box 12, IPR Papers, Columbia University. 20
2 1938 6 1936 1937 12 31 50 15 32 Ashley Clarke 33 34 Kingsley Wood 35 31 377-391 32 Clarke to Leeper, 1938/7/4, 1/970125, LN733, Reuter Archives. FO395/577, P2419/84/150 33 Clarke to Leeper, 1938/7/4, 1/970125, LN733, Reuter Archives. 34 Memorandum by Foreign Office, 1938/8/8, 1/970125, LN733, Reuter Archives. 35 391-393 21
32 British Council Sir Reginald.A. Leeper 36 37 38 9 9 39 9 40 1939 2 1000 41 1938 10 Sumner Welles R. A. Butler 42 2 10 6 36 Read, p.182. Phillip M. Taylor, The Projection of Britain: British Overseas Publicity and Propaganda 1919-1939, Cambridge University Press, 1981, pp. 29-32. 37 Memorandum by Foreign Office, 1938/8/8, 1/970125, LN733, Reuter Archives. Donald Read, The Power of News, Oxford University Press, 1992, p.185. 38 Leeper to Clarke, 1938/9/9, 1/970125, LN733, Reuter Archives. 39 Clarke to Leeper, 1938/7/4, 1/970125, LN733, Reuter Archives. 40 Jones to Chancellor, 1939/9/15; 1939/10/20, box 44, Roderick Jones Papers, Reuter Archives. 41 390-395 42 Copy of letter from Chancellor to Butler, 1938/11/18, 1/880906, LN432, Reuters Archive. 22
1938 5 6 43 44 45 46 1939 assistant general manager 47 9 10 2 1940 5 26 43 Jonathan G. Utley, Going to War with Japan 1937-1941, University of Tennessee Press, 1985, p. 63. Walter LaFeber, The Clash: U.S.-Japanese Relations Throughout History, W.W. Norton & Company, 1997, p. 188. 1993 152 44 Copy of letter from Chancellor to Butler, 1938/11/18, 1 /880906, LN432, Reuters Archive. 45 Keswick to Bernard, 1938/11/17, J8/1/11, Jardine Matheson Archive, Cambridge University. 46 Keswick to Bernard, 1938/11/17, J8/1/11, Jardine Matheson Archive, Cambridge University. 47 Read, pp. 170-171, pp. 185-188. 23
32 48 7 6 49 50 2 結 び 2 2 2 1 51 2 48 Chancellor to Managing Director, 1940/11/1, box 45, Jones Papers, Reuter Archives. 49 Report of Japanese Army Headquarters in Shanghai, 1940/7/31, LN432, Reuter Archives. 50 Chancellor to Managing Director, 1940/7/1, box 45, Jones Papers, Reuter Archives. 51 Edward Azar, Protracted Social Conflicts and Second Track Diplomacy, John Davies and Edward Kaufman ed., Second Track/ Citizens Diplomacy, Rowman & Littlemield Publishers, 2002, p.23. 24
52 2 53 2 1 2 JSPS 26370756 15H03320 52 2015 53 1940 4 Read, p. 170-171. 25