27 2002 1998 1999 EC2000 National Action Plans for Social Inclusion 1 1 2 3 4 16 18 1 2 2 1
28 Vol. 43 No. 1 2 Burchardt, Le Grand & Piachaud 1999 Bradshaw et al. 2000 Gordon et al.2000 Whelan et al.2002 poverty 4 2002 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2002 deprivation 1979 relative deprivation 2006 Basic Human Needs: BHN EU OECD multidimensional disadvantagematerial deprivation Apospori & Millar 2003, Boarini & Mira d Ercole 2006 2 19992005 persistent
1 EU European Community Household Panel (EU) Bradshaw (2000) Gordon (2000) Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey Burchardt, Le Grand & Piachaud (1999) British Household Panel Survey(BHPS) Tskloglou (2003) European Community Household Panel (EU) Moisio(2002) Summer 07 12 1 9 2 4 5 4 2 4 60 50 50 50 12 1 15 1 3 a b c 7 4 d e 2000 25 55 15 9 3 ISCED0-2 29
30 Vol. 43 No. 1 poverty 2 1 1 1 2 1 2 1 2 2006 2 1 A A 20 1,600 1
Summer 07 31 2 1 OECD 1 1 10.3 10.3 10 19.4 19.4 16 2.2 2.2 10 2 OECD 10 1 9.9 9.9 0.5 0.5 1 0.5 0.5 2.1 2.1 6 1.4 1.4 2.4 2.4 7 2.6 2.6 2 3.3 3.3 6 3.6 3.6 3.1 3.1 2.7 2.7 3 16.8 9.6 1 7.2 4.0 1.4 1.9 9.2 4.3 45.2 25.4 0.0 11.6 2.2 11.6 32.4 1.5 16.1 4.5 10.3 7.6 0.0 2.6 1.2 3.8 16.5 0.0 4.5 2.1 9.9 14.2 0.2 5.1 2.2 6.7 10.7 0.2 4.1 2.1 4.3 4.0 0.2 0.9 1.0 1.9 7.0 7.0 4 2 3 1 E 6 1 1 5.7 5.1 5.1 3.3 3.3 20.5 8.1 11.6 8.6 9.7 5.6 14.1
32 Vol. 43 No. 1 5 OECD 1 6 3 4.2 4.2 3.6 3.6 1.2 1.2 4 1.7 1.7 3.3 3.3 4 7.4 7.4 / 8.6 8.6 17.3 17.3 6 1 1 6 1 PTA 35.1 16.4 18.4 5.0 5.0 37.4 66.1 5.5 38.6 1.7 23.4 5.9 9.3 49.1 2.6 31.0 7.2 10.3 26.2 3.3 16.5 5.9 3.3 6.9 0.5 2.2 1.6 2.1 12.2 1.4 5.0 3.1 3.3 20.6 1.2 6.8 2.6 9.3 7 OECD 10.0 20.0 41.9 56 8 50 10.9, OECD Boarini & Mira d Ercole 2006 584 36.5 2 7 material deprivation 50 1 4
Summer 07 33 1 7 50 1 1 0 1 0 1 EX 1,2,3...7 i= i 1,2,3...7 J 1,2,3...7 = 1,2,3...7 dij= j i 1 0 3 7 50 7 3 4 3 n BHN 584 3 0.106 0.227 1 20.9 584 10 0.022 0.095 1 9.9 584 10 0.141 0.173 4 11.0 584 9 0.075 0.166 4 10.8 584 6 0.061 0.139 2 11.8 584 8 0.247 0.210 4 17.6 584 3 0.237 0.310 2 18.0 456 1 479.8 338.5 198 11.6 *
34 Vol. 43 No. 1 50 EU 60 Gordon 2000 35 2 60 80 Apospori & Millar 2003 4 10 20 1 Tskloglou 20034 2 1 4 BHN 100 0.02124 *** 0.003419 ** 0.00532 * 0.0455 *** 0.00906 * 0.00839 ** 0.000636 0.0178 0.0024 0.02771 ** 0.05808 ** 0.02293 0.04411 *** 0.02386 20 0.0050 0.0170 * 0.0079 0.0821 * 0.0219 0.0072 0.0122 40 0.0399 0.0233 * 0.0190 0.0301 0.0538 0.0093 0.0543 * 50 0.0089 0.0202 * 0.0002 0.0848 * 0.0445 0.0163 0.0276 60 0.0125 0.0135 0.0166 0.0166 0.0690 * 0.0157 0.0371 70 0.0052 0.0089 0.0008 0.0130 0.0747 * 0.0014 0.0367 80 0.0750 0.0243 0.0429 0.0910 0.1111 * 0.0809 * 0.0602 0.0299 0.0246 ** 0.1034 *** 0.0090 0.0158 0.0356 * 0.0077 0.0395 0.0289 0.1164 *** 0.0851 0.0397 0.0397 0.0298 0.0062 0.0098 0.0073 0.0388 0.0396 0.0071 0.0429 ** 0.0256 0.0007 0.0041 0.0059 0.0132 0.0154 0.0213 0.0019 0.0013 0.0051 0.0041 0.0097 0.0050 0.0533 *** 0.0727 * 0.0061 0.0616 *** 0.0354 0.0343 0.0295 0.0389 0.0444 0.0348 0.0686 *** 0.1546 *** 0.0844 *** 0.0449 ** 0.0515 ** 15 0.1346 *** 0.0008 *** 0.0204 0.0119 0.0453 0.0305 0.0027 0.14645 *** 0.02554 0.05771 *** 0.3003 *** 0.22127 *** 0.06733 *** 0.10824 *** Adj.R2 0.0815 0.0453 0.1624 0.1115 0.0754 0.0423 0.0311 * 10 ** 5 *** 1
Summer 07 35 Tsakloglou & Papadopoulos 2002 4 7 OLS 65 1 15 15 15 5 1 30 20 40 50 50 70 80 1 4 2 consistent
36 Vol. 43 No. 1 BHN 15 BHN BHN 15 1 1 1 3 1 medium 1 2 spiral of precariousnessmoisio 2002 1 2 5 3 1 2 3 n 0 268 51.0 1 154 24.7 2 73 10.5 3 47 8.1 4 25 3.4 5 8 1.5 6 7 0.7 7 2 0.2 584
Summer 07 37 1 3 1 5 51.0 50 1 24.7 1 1 6 11.6 42.5 9.9 10.4 90 5 7 8 6 n n n n n n n n 1 25 20 6 10 15 23 18 29 15 22 25 24 28 27 22 42 2 33 27 8 14 23 36 4 6 10 14 29 28 25 24 14 26 3 30 25 15 26 13 20 14 22 20 29 22 21 19 18 8 1 4 19 16 15 26 5 8 13 21 12 17 13 13 17 16 6 11 5 7 6 6 10 2 3 6 10 4 6 7 7 7 7 1 2 6 6 5 6 10 4 6 7 11 6 9 5 5 7 7 1 2 7 2 2 2 3 2 3 1 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 1 2 122 100 58 100 64 100 63 100 69 100 103 100 105 100 53 100 20.9 9.9 11.0 10.8 11.8 17.6 18.0 11.6 n 1 2 2
38 Vol. 43 No. 1 7 1.000 0.357 * 0.152 * 0.334 * 0.272 * 0.278 * 0.445 * -0.188 * 0.357 * 1.000 0.248 * 0.412 * 0.567 * 0.187 * 0.225 * -0.116 + 0.152 * 0.248 * 1.000 0.177 * 0.197 * 0.197 * 0.155 * -0.021 0.334 * 0.412 * 0.177 * 1.000 0.364 * 0.258 * 0.287 * -0.097 * 0.272 * 0.567 * 0.197 * 0.364 * 1.000 0.179 * 0.240 * -0.124 * 0.278 * 0.187 * 0.197 * 0.258 * 0.179 * 1.000 0.306 * -0.073 0.445 * 0.225 * 0.155 * 0.287 * 0.240 * 0.306 * 1.000-0.191 * -0.188 * -0.116 + -0.021-0.097 * -0.124 * -0.073-0.191 * 1.000 * =584 456 *=1 +=5 1 1 Bradshaw & Finch 2003 1 2 3 1 3 3 3 1 2 15 3
Summer 07 39 4 1 2 medium 15 7 Relative Deprivation Scale Poverty in the United Kingdom Townsend 1979 2006 4 6 1979 4 BHN 1 European Community Household Panel : ECHP 2003 Community Statistics on Income and Living Conditions EU-SILC Panel Study of Income Dynamics: PSID BHPS British Household Panel Survey
40 Vol. 43 No. 1 2001 21 2002 21 2 2005 transient poverty 1 chronic poverty 1 persistent poverty 2005, p.82 3 4 20 Tsakloglou Papadopoulos 2002 5 2002 Vol.141.pp.67-80 2006 16 pp.251-275 2005 2003 2005-1999 Apospori, Eleni and Jane Millar (eds) (2003), The Dynamics of Social Exclusion in Europe: Comparing Austria, Germany, Greece, Portugal and the UK, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar. Barnes, M., Heady, C., Middleton, S., Millar, J., Papadopoulos, F. and Tsakloglou, P. (eds) (2002), Poverty and Social Exclusion in Europe, Cheltenham, U.K. and Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar. Boarini, Romina & Mira d Ercole, Marco (2006) Measures of Material Deprivation in OECD Countries, OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, No.37 (DELSA/ELSA/WP1(2006)8). Bradshaw, et al. (2000) The Relationship between Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain, Paper prepared for the 26th General Conference of the International Association for Research in Income and Wealth, Cracow, Poland, 27 Aug.-2.Sep. 2000. Bradshaw, Jonathan & Finch, Naomi (2003) Overlaps in Dimensions of Poverty, Journal of Social Policy, Vol.32,4, pp.513-525. Burchardt, Tania, Le Grand, Julian, & David Piachaud (1999) Social Exclusion in Britain 1991-1995, Social Policy & Administration, Vol.33, No.3, Sep. 1999, pp.227-244. Gordon et al. (2000a) Poverty and Social Exclusion in Britain Joseph Rowntree Foundation. Moisio, Pasi (2002), The Nature of Social Exclusion Spiral of Precariousness or Statistical Category?, in Muffels, Tsakloglou, and Mayes (2002), pp.170-183. Muffels, Rund, Tsakloglou, Panos, and David Mayes (eds) (2002), Social Exclusion IN European Welfare States, Cheltenham, U.K.: Edward Elgar. Townsend, P. (1979), Poverty in the United Kingdom, Allen Lane and Penguin Books. Tsakloglou, Panos & Papadopoulos, Fotis (2002) Identifying Population Groups at High Risk of Social Exclusion: Evidence from the ECHP, in Muffels, Tsakloglou and Mayes (2002), pp.135-169. Van Praag, Bernard, Theo Goedhart & Arie Kapteyn (1980) The Poverty Line A Pilot Survey in Europe, The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol.62, Issue 3, pp.461-465. Whelan, Christopher, Layte, Richard, Maitre, Bertrand and Brian Nolan. (2002), Income Deprivation Approaches to the Measurement of Poverty in the European Union, in Muffels, Tsakloglou, and Mayes (2002), pp.183-201. 2