No.202 Environmental Health Criteria No.202 (PAH) Selected Non-heterocyclic Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ( 883 1998 ) 1. 1.1 (PAH) PAH PAH PAH 33 (31 PAH 2 ) ( 1) 8 10 PAH PAH 10-15 ; 1.2 ' ' 2 PAH PAH PAH PAH passive sampler 202_A.doc 02/07/18 1
PAH ; XAD-2 ( XAD-2) PAH - LH-20 (HPLC) (SE-54 SE-52) ; -C18 HPLC PAH 1.3 PAH PAH PAH ( ) ( ) (, ) ( ) PAH : - bitumen ; - ; - ; - ; - ; - environmental tobacco smoke 202_A.doc 02/07/18 2
PAH PAH 2 PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH [a] PAH PAH PAH : : PAH 10 ( ) : :, 25-1,000 PAH ( ) PAH : PAH : [cd]- PAH ng/km >1,000 mg/km PAH : PAH : PAH 2 3 PAH : PAH < 10 mg/m 3 1.4 PAH 202_A.doc 02/07/18 3
PAH ; PAH PAH PAH PAH : (Kow) PAH PAH Kow PAH - - PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH PAH OH NO3 03 NO3 03 OH 1 PAH OH 2 4 PAH NO3 -PAH PAH 4 PAH 1.5 PAH PAH 1.5.1 PAH 1 PAH 1-30 ng/m 3 PAH 200 ng/m 3 1-50 ng/m 3 202_A.doc 02/07/18 4
[cd] 100 ng/m 3 20 ng/ m 3 PAH PAH 1-10 ng/m 3 310 ng/m 3 PAH 1 2 1,100 m 0.004-0.03 ng/m 3 1.5.2 PAH ( ) ( ) PAH 50 ng/litre PAH 6,000 ng/litre PAH 0.02-1.8 ng/litre PAH 1,000 ng/litre PAH PAH 10-200 ng/litre 1.5.3 PAH 1 1.5.4 PAH [ ] 1 g/kg PAH 2-5 mg/kg PAH 5-100 µg/kg 1.5.5 PAH PAH 0.01-10 µg/kg 100 µg/kg 86 µg/kg ; 160 µg/kg 460 µg/kg 0.003-0.03 µg/kg 202_A.doc 02/07/18 5
1.5.6 PAH 7 mg/kg PAH PAH 10-500 µg/kg 5 mg/kg PAH PAH 1-100 µg/kg 1 mg/kg 1.5.7 PAH 730-5,500 µg/kg PAH : [a] 2 mg/kg 1.5.8 environmental tobacco smoke PAH PAH 1-100 ng/m 3 2,300 ng/m 3 PAH 0.10-10 µg/ /1 [a] 1 0.0002 µg/1 PAH 1.5.9 [a] <0.1 100-200 µg/m 3 400µg/m 3 PAH <1 µg/m 3 30 µg/m 3 personal sample 2.6-470 µg/m 3 PAH 0.004-50 µg/m 3 PAH 190 µg/m 3 0.13 µg/m 3 PAH 0.05-9.6 µg/m 3 PAH 5 µg/m 3 3-40 µg/m 3 4-530 µg/m 3 PAH 0.07-26 µg/m 3 1. 6 202_A.doc 02/07/18 6
PAH pulmonary tract PAH PAH PAH 32 P- DNA PAH PAH PAH PAH DNA- PAH PAH PAH 1.7 in vitro PAH PAH LD50 100-500 mg/kg (bw) LD50 2700 mg/kg bw PAH LD50 [a] [a,h] ; 7 PAH [a] [a,h] [a] PAH [e] PAH [a] [a] [a] [a,h] [a] [a] 202_A.doc 02/07/18 7
( ) P450 [a] PAH 33 PAH PAH 33 26 ( 2) PAH [a] 7 12 PAH [a] [a,h] [a,i] 5- PAH, [a] PAH in vitro PAH [a] 18 P450 PAH 1930 (K- ) ' ( ) ' ' ' ' ' PAH PAH- PAH PAH PAH PAH 1 ; 3 1.8 PAH 202_A.doc 02/07/18 8
PAH, [a] 5,000-15,000 mg 2 2,000 mg 1 PAH PAH PAH 1775 PAH- PAH Soderberg potroom 195-5 PAH internal exposure 1- - 1- PAH 1- PAH DNA [a] DNA [a] 1- DNA 1- DNA 1- DNA 202_A.doc 02/07/18 9
PAH 95% PAH PAH 15.7 10-4 10-5 /ng [a] /m 3 10,000 100,000 1 [a] 1.9 PAH Daphnia magna PAH PAH PAH [a] (4 ) 50% (EC50) 1-29 µg/litre [a] (5 ) EC50 5-15 µg/litre 3 PAH EC50 240-940 µg/litre (2 ) EC50 2,800-34,000 µg/litre 96 LC50 100-2,300 µg/litre 3 PAH 96 LC50 < 1-3,000 µg/litre 3- PAH 24 LC50 < 1-260 µg/litre 4-5- 6- PAH 96 LC50 0.2-1,200 µg/litre (LC50) 110 - >10,000 µg/litre 3- PAH 30-4,000 µg/litre( 2.8-360 µg/litre) 4-5- PAH 0.7-26 µg/litre PAH 250 mg/kg free-living fish PAH 2. 2.1 * (PAH) * PAH 202_A.doc 02/07/18 10
* ' PAH ' PAH PAH ' ' * PAH : - - - 2.2 * * PAH PAH * PAH * * PAH * 2.3 2.3.1 - PAH [a] PAH 2.3.2 - PAH - PAH - - PAH PAH 2.3.3 - PAH - PAH PAH 202_A.doc 02/07/18 11
- PAH - PAH - [a,l] PAH 2.3.4 - PAH - - - PAH - PAH - PAH 3. 3.1 (PAH) IARC 1973 1983 IARC 7(IARC, 1987) 3 3.2 WHO PAH WHO (WHO, 1984, 1996) 2- - two-stage birth-death mutation model 10-4 10-5 10-6 excess lifetime risk [a] 7 0.7 0.07µg/litre PAH : * PAH PAH * PAH 202_A.doc 02/07/18 12
PAH * PAH PAH * PAH PAH 3.3 FAO/WHO [a] 1990 6 (WHO, 1991) [a] [a] 100 1 [a] [a] [a] [a] PAH [a] PAH [a] [a] PAH ' ' ( ) ( ) PAH [a] PAH 3.4 WHO 202_A.doc 02/07/18 13
(Who Regional Office for Europe Air Quality Guidelines) WHO PAH (WHO, 1987) PAH PAH [a] [a] PAH [a] PAH (1984d) 1 1µg 100,000 62 0.71% [a] 1 ng/m 3 [a] 100,000 9 202_A.doc 02/07/18 14
1.1 a (PAH) [PAH] (parent) PAH [ ] PAH aza-, oxa-, thia-arenes 100 PHA (Laoetal., 1973; Leeet al., 1976a) (Grimmer et al., 1985) 200 PHA PHA 1 1 CAS 3 a-1 [naphthalene] [naphthalin] [tar camphor: ] 95% [b] (thianaphthene) methylindene (Society of German Chemists, 1989) N2G (IARC, 1983) 90-95% (Hawley, 1987) phenanthrene, chrysene, carbazole (Hawley, 1987), tetracene, naphthacene (Budavari et al., 1989), 0.2% pyridine (IARC, 1983) acenaphthene 95-99%; fluoranthene 95% (Griesbaum et al., 1989); fluorene 95%; phenanthrene 90%; pyrene 95% (Franck & Stadeihofer, 1987) ( 3.2.2 and 3.2.3 ) 99% 22 PAH (Community Bureau of Reference, 1992) 99% 202_A.doc 02/07/18 15
3 (PAH) 化合物 分子式 相対分子量 CAS 登録番号 Naphthalene C 10H 8 128.2 91-20-3 Acenaphthylene C 12H 8 152.2 208-96-8 Acenaphthene C 12H 10 154.2 83-32-9 Fluorene C 13H 10 166.2 86-73-7 Anthracene C 14H 10 178.2 120-12-7 Phenanthrene C 14H 10 178.2 1985/1/8 1- Methylphenanthrene C 15H 10 192.3 832-69-9 Fluoranthene C 16H 10 202.3 206-44-0 Pyrene C 16H 10 202.3 129-00-0 Benzo[a]fluorene C 17H 12 216.3 238-84-6 Benzof[b]fluorene C 17H 12 216.3 243-17-4 Benzo[ghi]fluoranthene C 18H 10 226.3 203-12-3 Cyclopenta[cdlpyrene C 18H 10 226.3 2720837-3 Benz[a]anthracene C 18H 12 228.3 56-55-3 Benzolc]phenanthrene C 18H 12 228.3 195-19-7 Chrysene C 18H 12 228.3 218-01-9 Triiphenylene C 18H 12 228.3 217-59-4 5-Methylchrysene C 19H 14 242.3 3697-24-3 Benzo[b]fluoranthene C 20H 12 252.3 205-99-2 Benzo[j]fluoranthene C 20H 12 252.3 205-82-3 Benzo[klfluoranthene C 20H 12 252.3 207-08-9 Benzo[a]pyrene C 20H 12 252.3 50-32-8 Benzo[e]pyrene C 20H 12 252.3 192-97-2 Perylene C 20H 12 252.3 198-55-0 Anthanthrene C 22H 12 276.3 191-26-4 Benzo[ghi]perylene C 22H 12 276.3 191-24-2 Indeno[1,2,3-ca]pyrene C 22H 12 276.3 193-39-5 Dibenz[a,h]anthracene C 22H 12 278.4 53-70-3 Coronene C 24H 12 300.4 191-07-1 Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene C 24H 12 302.4 192-65-4 Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene C 24H 12 302.4 189-64-0 Dibenzo[a,I]pyrene C 24H 12 302.4 189-55-9 Dibenzo[a,I]pyrene C 24H 12 302.4 191-30-0 PAH (Community Bureau of Reference, 1992) 99% 202_A.doc 02/07/18 16
(PAH) Naphthalene Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Fluorene Anthracene Phenanthrene 1 -Methylphenanthrene Fluoranthene Pyrene Benzo[a]fluorene Benzo[b]fluorene Benzo[ghi]fluoranthene Cyclopenta[cdlpyrene Benz[a]anthracene Benzo[c]phenanthrene Triphenylene Chrysene 5-Methyicholanthrene Benzo[b]fluoranthene Benzo[i]fluoranthene Benzo[k]fluoranthene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzo[e]pyrene Perylene Anthanthrene Benzo[ghi]perylene Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene Dibenz[a,h]anthracene Coronene Dibenzo[a,e]pyrene Dibenzo[a,h]pyrene Dibenzo[a,i]pyrene Dibenzo[a,l]pyrene b PAH 4 PAH (Mackay&Shiu, 1981; Lane, 1989) 1 PAH (National Research Council Canada, 1983) 3 (napthalene 78.9 o C 87.8 oc; anathrene, 121 o C; phenanthrene 171 o C ) naphthalene (0.9-5.9 vol %) ananthrene (0.6 vol %) (Lewis, 1992) (air = 1) Naphathalene 4.42 (IARC, 1973); acenaphthene 5.32; anathrene, 6.15 (Lewis, 1992); phenanthrene, 6.15; benzo[alpyrene 8.7(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Occupational Safety and Health Administration, 1981) 202_A.doc 02/07/18 17
- (conjugated -electron systems) PAH PAH (IARC, 1983; Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, 1990; Lide, 1991) lipophilic 10 PAH (Thrane & Mikalsen, 1981) (Murray et al., 1974) (Lane, 1989) 4.1 PAH (4.4 ) PAH PAH (Valerio et al., 1984; Lane, 1989) PAH PAH PAH -PAH (IARC, 1984a, 1989a) PAH PAH 202_A.doc 02/07/18 18