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1 67 1 beer goggles 1 Beer goggles Stellavision Cider Visor 2 1 Pennebaker et al Mickey Gilley Don t the Girls All Get Prettier at Closing Time Pennebaker Pennebaker et al., 1979 A Country and Western Application to Psychology Southern

2 Fig. 1 same sex opposite sex Pennebaker et al Subjects reports of attractiveness of opposite and same sex others. 10 Fig. 1 Pennebaker Brehm Nida & Koon 1983 Nida & Koon 1983 Pennebaker 2 2 Pennebacker Fig Fig Nida & Koon Male patrons of two bars rated the attractiveness of female counterparts. Sprecher et al Campus Cowboy Bill s 2

3 69 Sprecher Fig Fig male female female male Sprecheret al Subjects reports of attractiveness of opposite sex others. Gladue & Delaney 1990 Sprecher et al Gladue & Delaney

4 70 64 Kirsten, Oinonen & Sterniczuk, 2007 Sprecher , Fig. 4 Sprecher et al Fig. 4 male female female male Gladue & Delaney Subjects reports of attractiveness of opposite and same sex others Medey et al Medey Fig. 5A, Fig. 5B

5 same sex opposite sex same sex opposite sex Fig. 5A Madey et al Subjects reports of attractiveness of opposite and same sex patrons Not in a relationship. Fig. 5B Madey et al Subjects reports of attractiveness of opposite and same sex patrons In a relationship. Medey Pennebaker 6 Johnco 2011 Johnco Gladue & Delaney Fig same sex 4 opposite sex Fig. 6 Johnco et al Subjects reports of attractiveness of opposite and same sex others.

6 72 64 Johnco Pennebaker et al mere presents 7 6 Sprecher et al Pennbaker Medey et al Johnco et al Johnco Friedman, McCarthy, Forster & Denzler 2004

7 Sprecher et al Gladue & Delaney 1990 Johnco et al Jones 2003 Jones AIDS UK 1 UK highly unattractiveness 7 highly attractiveness 7 2 distinctiveness 3 2 Parker 2008 Parker et al Jones Jones

8 ml BAC Blood Alcohol Concentration, BAC Lyvers 3 Lyvers Neave 2008 Lyver Neave 4

9 Egan & Cordan 2009 Egan & Cordan

10 76 64 Cooper, 2002 Beckman & Ackerman, 1995 Lee, Kim, Dunning & Han Souto, Bezerra & Halsey 2008 Rhodes, Proffitt, Grady & Sumich, 1998 Oinonen & Sterniczuk 2007 Attwood, Penton-Voak & Munaf o BBC Nathan Efron

11 77 Attwood, A. S., Ian S. Penton-Voak & Marcus R. Munaf o 2009 Effects of acute nicotine administration on ratings of attractiveness of facial cues. Nicotine & Tobacco Research, 11, BBCNews Online 2005 Beer goggles effect explained: Scientists believe they have worked out a formula to calculate how beer goggles affect a drinker s vision. Friday, 25 November 2005, GMT Beckman, L. J. & Ackerman, K. T Women, alcohol, and sexuality. Recent Developments in Alcoholism Cooper, M Alcohol Use and Risky Sexual Behavior among College Students and Youth: Evaluating the Evidence. J. Studies on Alcohol, Supplement , Egan, V. & Cordan, G Barely legal: Is attraction and estimated age of young female faces disrupted by alcohl use, make up, and the sex of the observer? British Journal of Psychology, 100, Friedman, R. S., McCarthy, D. M., Forster, J. & Denzler, M Automatic effects of alcohol cues on sexual attraction. Addiction, 100, Gladue, B. A. & Delaney, H. J Gender Differences in Perception of Attractiveness of Men and Women in Bars. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 16, Johnco, C, Wheeler, L. & Taylor, A They do get prettier at closing time: A repeated measures study of the closing-time effect and alcohol. Social Influence, 5, Jones, B. T., Jones, B. C., Thomas, A. P. & Piper, J Alcohol consumption increases attractiveness ratings of opposite-sex faces: a possible third route to risky sex. Addiction, 98, Oinonen, K. A. & Sterniczuk, R An inverse relationship between typical alcohol consumption and facial symmetry detection ability in young women. Journal of Psychopharmacology 21, Lee H-G, Kim Y-C, Dunning J. S., Han K-A 2008 Recurring Ethanol Exposure Induces Disinhibited Courtship in Drosophila. PLoS ONE 3 1 e1391. Madey, S., Simo, M., Dillworth, D., Kemper, D., Toczynski, A. & Perella, A They do get more attractive at closing time, but only when you are not in a relationship. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 18, Neave, N., Tsang, C. & Heather, N effects of alcohol and alcohol expectancy on perceptions of opposite-sex facial attractiveness in university students. Addiction Research and Theory, 16, Nida, S. A. & Koon, J They get better looking at closing time around here, too. Psychological Reports, 32, Parker, L. L. C., Penton-Voak, I. S., Attwood, A. S. & Munaf o, M. R Effects of Acute Alcohol Consumption on Ratings of Attractiveness of Facial Stimuli: Evidence of Long-Term Encoding. Alcohol and Alcoholism, 43, Pennebaker, J. W., Dyer, M. A., Caulkins, R. S., Litowitz, D. L., Ackreman, P. L. & Anderson, D. B Don t the Girls All Get Prettier at Closing Time : A Country and Western Application to Psychology. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 5, Rhodes, G., Proffitt, F., Grady, J. M. & Sumich, A Facial symmetry and the perception of beauty. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 5, Sprecher, S., DeLamater, J., Neuman, N., Neuman, M., Kahn, P., Orbuch, D. & McKinney, K Asking questions in bars: The girls and boys may not get prettier at closing time and other interesting results. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 10, Souto, A., Bezerra, B. C. & Halsey, L. G Alcohol intoxication reduces detection of asymmetry: an explanation for increased perceptions of facial attractiveness after alcohol consumption? Perception, 37,

12 78 64 Beer Goggles Effects: Psychological Studies of Physical Attractiveness 1 OCHI Keita Abstract The aim of the present paper is to review the current studies on the beer goggles effect, the phenomenon that causes people who have been drinking beer to interpret the opposite sex as attractive. As a result, empirical evidence indicates that the beer goggles effect consists of two effects; one of them is the effect that the opposite sex look more attractive as closing time approaches, and the other is the effect that the opposite sex look more attractive under the influence of alcohol.

Japanese Journal of Applied Psychology

Japanese Journal of Applied Psychology 2015, Vol. 41, No. 1, 39 55 * ** The Effects of Makeup on People s Impressions Noriko KUSHIMA* and Isamu SAITO* This study examined the effects of makeup and facial