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1 Si-RFIC a) Si-RFICs for Multi-Band Multi-Mode Transceivers Noriharu SUEMATSU a) and Hiroshi HARADA 6GHz Si-RFIC Si-RFIC RFIC GHz W-CDMA LAN SiGe-MMIC 1. [1] [8] GHz W-CDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) GHz LAN (Local Area Network) MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) 5.8 GHz ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) DTV (Digital TeleVision) 0.4 GHz UHF 4 [1], [2] Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Kamakura-shi, Japan National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Yokosuka-shi, Japan a) suematsu@ieee.org (1) GHz (2) 50 MHz (LPF) (3) FDD (Frequency Division Duplex)/TDD (Time Division Duplex) [7] Si-RFIC (Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit) RFIC SiGe (Silicon Germanium) (1) (3) RFIC (1) 90 [6] [9] (VGA) GHz (2) VGA (Variable Gain Amplifier) LPF (3) (LO Local B Vol. J91 B No. 11 pp c

2 2008/11 Vol. J91 B No. 11 Oscillator) 2 LO 2fLO 2fLO LO [7] TDD/FDD FDD LO LO 2. RF GHz RF LAN GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) GPRS (General Packet Radio Service) EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution) 0.8/0.9 GHz/1.8/1.9 GSM FM [10] [12] [6] W-CDMA [13] GSM RFIC [14] LAN IEEE802.11a/b/g 2.5/5 GHz [15] MAN Mobile-Wi-MAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) LAN RFIC LAN RFIC IC 1 IC LO ETC (Electronic Toll Collection System) DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communications) ITS 5.8 GHz ASK QPSK [16] UHF ITS 1 RF Table 1 List of multi-band multi-mode transceivers and their RF configurations developed for various wireless terminals. 1340

3 Si-RFIC IF [17] DTV GHz 1 IF [18] 0.4 6GHz Si-RFIC 2. 1 / IF IF 1 [19] RF I/Q LPF (Low Pass Filter) 2 1 Fig. 1 Configuration of quadrature mixer for direct conversion receivers. PS is a phase shifter and LPF is a low pass filter for base band signal. DC 1/f LO GHz [6] DC IC DC DC [20] DC GSM [21] W-CDMA LAN DC AC [6] LO RF RF RF 2 LO [6] [20], [22] LO 2 IF (IRM Image Rejection Mixer) (a) [23] (b) [24] 90 LO IRM IF 90 IF 90 (PPF) ADC (Analog to Digital Converter) LAN 1341

4 2008/11 Vol. J91 B No. 11 (a) Single conversion type Image Rejection Mixer (IRM) Fig. 2 (b) Double conversion type IRM (Weaver type) 2 IF IRM Configuration of image rejection mixers (IRMs) for low-if receivers. Hyb. is a hybrid circuit and BPF is a band pass filter for IF band signal. IF 90 2ndLO (LO2) 1st 2nd IF Q SAW IF Q ADC IF 90 ADC [25] ADC ADC ADC 2 IF LAN GHz W-CDMA/ LAN IEEE a IC [6] LO / MHz db NF W-CDMA LAN DC C 1342

5 Si-RFIC 2 Table 2 Summary of multi-band multi-mode receivers. 3 Fig. 3 Configuration of direct conversion type quadrature modulator. [26] RF [27] I/Q 4 / Polar-Loop 3 RF IF LO GHz Si-RFIC 6GHz Poly Phase Filter (PPF) [9] 4 Polar-Loop GSM/EDGE GSM RF GMSK Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER) [28] (PA Power Amplifier) EDGE 8PSK [11], [12] GSM PA PA PA 1343

6 2008/11 Vol. J91 B No. 11 Fig. 4 4 Polar-Loop Configuration of Polar-Loop transmitter. Phase modulation is done by a digital FM modulator and amplitude modulation is done by an Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER) Power Amplifier (PA) having a supply voltage control circuit. 3 Table 3 Summary of multi-band multi-mode transmitters. 4 PA AM-PM PA [12] PA QAM PA 3 LAN GHz W-CDMA/ LAN IEEE802.11a IC [9] 2. 3 Si-RFIC 1344

7 Si-RFIC 5 Fig. 5 Configuration of multi-band multi-mode transceiver s RF section for cognitive radio. Dark gray area shows RF section and light gray area shows Si-RFIC. 5 Si-RFIC RF FDD 5 RF 1W 40% MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) [29] 2. Si-RFIC 1 RFIC UHF 6GHz 1345

8 2008/11 Vol. J91 B No. 11 / RFIC UHF 5GHz [6], [9] LAN CMOS (Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)-FET (Field Effect Transistor) W-CDMA 1/f CMOS-FET CMOS-FET 1/f SiGe-HBT (Hetero-junction Bipolar Transistor) [6] RF-VGA RF-VGA IC LO UHF 6GHz 1 IC VCO (Voltage Controlled Oscillator) / / FDD/TDD FDD Gm-C Si-RFIC ADC VGA VGA 3. Si-RFIC [7] 3. 1 RFIC 6 Si-RFIC [7] LO Si-RFIC 1 LO LO 2 2 LO (LO-SW) LO LO-SW LO-SW TDD FDD LAN IEEE802 W-CDMA DTV LO RF FDD LO LO RF BPF BPF RFIC RF

9 Si-RFIC 6 Si-RFIC [7] Fig. 6 Block diagram of multi-band multi-mode Si-RFIC transceiver for cognitive radio [7]. LO 2fLO 1/2 (Tx) 2 Tx LO (Rx) 2 Rx LO Rx 1 RFIC FDD 3. 2 RFIC 7 1/f CMOS-FET 1/f SiGe-HBT RFIC 0.18 µm SiGe BiCMOS mm 3.3 V 15.1 ma 19.6 ma LO-SW 11.4 ma 8 RFIC (OP1 db) RF GHz 16 dbm 9 RFIC NF RF 7 Si-RFIC [7] Fig. 7 IC Chip photo of multi-band multi-mode Si- RFIC transceiver for cognitive radio [7] GHz 0.4 2GHz 2GHz NF

10 2008/11 Vol. J91 B No (OP1 db) [7] Fig. 8 Tx frequency dependence of output power at 1 db gain compression point (OP1 db) at Tx mode [7]. 10 [7] Fig. 10 Base band frequency dependence of voltage conversion gain (Gc) at Rx mode [7] (Gc) NF [7] Fig. 9 Rx frequency dependence of voltage conversion gain (Gc) and Noise Figure (NF) at Rx mode [7]. 100 MHz 3dB 4 Si-RFIC EVM OFDM QPSK 0.4 GHz UHF (OFDM/16QAM) 0.8 GHz/2.1 GHz W-CDMA HPSK QPSK 5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz LAN (OFDM/64QAM) EVM 2.7%rms 2.8%rms Si-RFIC LAN RFIC / Q MEMS SiGe-HBT RFIC Si-RFIC LO 0.18 µm SiGeBiCMOS 1 Si- RFIC GHz W-CDMA LAN 0.4 GHz UHF 1348

11 Si-RFIC 4 Si-RFIC [7] Table 4 Evaluation results of multi-band multi-mode Si-RFIC transceiver for cognitive radio [7]. The evaluation was done under the condition of 0.4 GHz UHF applications (OFDM/16QAM), 0.8/2.0 GHz W-CDMA (QPSK) and 5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz Wireless LAN (OFDM/64QAM). (OFDM/16QAM) 0.8 GHz/2.1 GHz W-CDMA HPSK QPSK 5.2 GHz/5.8 GHz LAN (OFDM/64QAM) EVM 2.7%rms 2.8%rms RF Si-RFIC [1] 121 pp.58 65, June [2] Cognitive Wireless Cloud RF SR , March [3] R. Kohno, M. Abe, N. Sasho, S. Haruyama, R.M. Zaragoza, E. Sousa, F. Swarts, P.V. Rooyen, Y. Sanada, L.B. Michael, H.A. Alikhael, and V. Brankovic, Universal platform for software defined radio, 2000 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ISPACS2000), pp , [4] N. Nakajima, R. Kohno, and S. Kubota, Research and developments of software-defined radio technologies in Japan, IEEE Commun. Mag., vol.39, no.8, pp , Aug [5] RF C vol.j87-c, no.1, pp.3 11, Jan [6] GHz SiGe-MMIC C vol.126, no.9, pp , Sept [7] GHz SiGe-MMIC SR , Jan [8] Recent advances in RF devices for future wireless systems SR2007-9, May [9] N. Suematsu, C. Kageyama, K. Nakajima, K. Tsutsumi, E. Taniguchi, and K. Kurakami, GHz band SiGe-MMIC Q-MOD for multiband multi-mode direct conversion transmitter, 2005 Asia-Pacific Microwave Conference Proceedings, pp , Dec [10] A. Loke and M. Abdelgany, Multi mode wireless terminals Key technical challenges, 2003 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits Symposium, pp.11 14, June [11] W.B. Sander, S.V. Schell, and B.L. Sander, Polar modulator for multi-mode cell phones, 2003 IEEE Custom Integrated Circuits Conference, pp , [12] J. Groe, Multi-mode polar transmitters, 2006 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Workshop, WSJ-9, June [13] R. Koller, T. Ruhlicke, D. Pimingsdorfer, and B. Adler, A single-chip 0.13 µm CMOS UMTS W- CDMA multi-band transceiver, 2006 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, June [14] X. Zhu, W. Hong, L. Jin, and J. Zhou, The RF module design for W-CDMA/GSM dual band and dual mode handset, 2001 IEEE MTT-S International Mi- 1349

2008/11 Vol. J91 B No. 11 crowave Symposium, pp.2215 2218, May 2001. [15] T. Maeda, N. Matsuno, S. Hori, T. Yamase, T. Tikairin, K. Yanagisawa, H. Yano, R. Walkington, K. Numata, N. Yoshida, Y.

Takahashi, K. Iimura, M. Abe, and A. Yasuda, Single-chip 5.8 GHz DSRC transceiver with dual-mode of ASK and Pi/4- QPSK, 2008 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS2008), pp.799 802, Jan. 2008. [17] S.

12 2008/11 Vol. J91 B No. 11 crowave Symposium, pp , May [15] T. Maeda, N. Matsuno, S. Hori, T. Yamase, T. Tikairin, K. Yanagisawa, H. Yano, R. Walkington, K. Numata, N. Yoshida, Y. Takahashi, and H. Hida, A low-power dual-band triple-mode WLAN CMOS transceiver, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.41, no.11, pp , Nov [16] N. Sasho, K. Minami, H. Fujita, T. Takahashi, K. Iimura, M. Abe, and A. Yasuda, Single-chip 5.8 GHz DSRC transceiver with dual-mode of ASK and Pi/4- QPSK, 2008 IEEE Radio and Wireless Symposium (RWS2008), pp , Jan [17] S. Shinjo, K. Tsutsumi, K. Mori, H. Okada, M. Inoue, and N. Suematsu, ASK and Pi/4-QPSK dual mode SiGe-MMIC transceiver for 5.8 GHz DSRC terminals having stabilized amplifier chain, 2008 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, pp , June [18] W. Jianhui, C. Zuotian, H. Cheng, Y. Tinghua, and S. Wen, A 3-band CMOS DTV tuner IC for DVB- C receiver, IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol.53, no.4, pp , Nov [19] A.A. Abidi, Direct-conversion radio transceiver for digital communications, IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits, vol.30, no.12, pp , Dec [20] M. Shimozawa, K. Maeda, E. Taniguchi, K. Sadahiro, T. Ikushima, T. Nishino, N. Suematsu, K. Itoh, Y. Isota, and T. Takagi, An even harmonic mixer with a simple filter configuration and an integrated LTCC module for W-CDMA direct conversion receiver, IE- ICE Trans. Electron., vol.e89-c, no.4, pp , April [21] S. Tanaka, T. Yamawaki, K. Takikawa, N. Hayashi, I. Ohno, T. Wakuta, S. Takahashi, M. Kasahara, and B. Henshaw, GSM/DCS1800 dual band directconversion transceiver IC with a DC offset calibration system, IEEE Proc. 27th European Solid-State Circuits Conference (ESSCIRC), pp , Sept [22] E. Taniguchi, K. Maeda, C. Sawaumi, and N. Suematsu, A 2 GHz-band even harmonic type SiGe direct conversion CECCTP mixer, IEICE Trans. Electron., vol.e85-c, no.7, pp , July [23] H. Komurasaki, T. Heima, T. Miwa, K. Yamamoto, H. Wakada, I. Yasui, M. Ono, T. Sano, H. Sato, T. Miki, and N. Kato, A 1.8 V operation RFC- MOS transceriver for bluetooth, 2002 Symposium on VLSI Circuits, 17.2, pp , June [24] D.K. Weaver, A third method of generation and detection of single-sideband signals, Proc. IRE, vol.44, pp , Dec [25] A. Abidi, RF CMOS comes of age, IEEE J. Solid- State Circuits, vol.39, no.4, pp , April [26] M. Goldfarb, W. Palmer, T. Murphy, R. Clarke, B. Gilbert, K. Itoh, T. Katsura, R, Hayashi, and H. Nagano, Analog baseband IC for use in direct conversion W-CDMA receivers, 2000 IEEE Radio Frequency Integrated Circuits (RFIC) Symposium, pp.79 82, June [27] M. Streifinger, T. Muller, J.-F. Luy, and E.A. Biebl, A software-radio front-end for microwave applications, 2003 IEEE Topical Meeting on Silicon Monolithic Integrated Circuits in RF Systems, pp.53 56, April [28] L.R. Kahn, Single sideband transmission by envelope elimination and restoration, Proc. IRE, vol.40, no.7, pp , July [29] A. Fukuda, H. Okazaki, S. Narahashi, T. Hirota, and Y. Yamao, A 900/1500/2000-MHz triple-band reconfigurable power amplifier employing RF-MEMS switches, 2005 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium, WE2E-4, June GaAs Si IC IEEE 7 (NICT) WPAN (SDR) Board of Directors 20 IEEE SCC41 (1900) Vice Chair 20 IEEE Vice Chair NICT 1350

UWB a) Accuracy of Relative Distance Measurement with Ultra Wideband System Yuichiro SHIMIZU a) and Yukitoshi SANADA (Ultra Wideband; UWB) UWB GHz DLL

UWB a) Accuracy of Relative Distance Measurement with Ultra Wideband System Yuichiro SHIMIZU a) and Yukitoshi SANADA (Ultra Wideband; UWB) UWB GHz DLL UWB (DLL) UWB DLL 1. UWB FCC (Federal Communications