pyogenic group mutans group bovis group anginosu group mitis group NJ/0.01 salivarius group
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1 Yoshiaki KAWAMURA Recent Classification of the Genus Streptococcus Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Gifu University, Gifu
2 pyogenic group mutans group bovis group anginosu group mitis group NJ/0.01 salivarius group
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5 S. gordonii cluster S. sanguinis cluster S. parasanguinis clus S. cristatus S. oralis cluster S. mitis/s. pneumoniae cluster
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10 Enterococcus/Aerococcus Bacillus/Staphylococcus Pediococcus/Leuconostoc Streptococcus/Lactococcus Mycoplasma/related NJ/0.1 Clostridium/related 502
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12 1) Adnan, S., Li, N., Miura, H., Hashimoto, Y., Yamamoto, H., Ezaki, T. (1993): Covalently immobilized DNA plate for luminometric DNA-DNA hybridization to identify viridans streptococci in under 2 hours. FEMS. Microbiol. Lett. 106, ) Beighton, D., Hayday, H., Russell, R. R. B., Whiley, R. A. (1984): Streptococus macacae sp. nov. from dental plaque of monkeys (Macacae fascicularis). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34, ) Beighton, D., Hardie, J. M., Whiley, R. A. (1991): A scheme for identification of viridans streptococci. J. Med. Microbiol. 35, ) Bouvet, A., van de Rijn, I., McCarty, M. (1981): Nutritionally variant streptococci from patients with endocarditis: Growth parameters in a semisynthetic medium and demonstration of a chromophore. J. Bacteriol. 146, ) Bouvet, A., Villeroy, F., Cheng, F., Lamesch, C., Williamson, R., Gutmann, L. (1985): Characterization of nutritionally variant streptococci by biochemical tests and penicillin-binding proteins. J. Clin. Microbiol. 22, ) Bouvet, A., Grimont, F., Grimont, P. A. D. (1989): Streptococcus defectivus sp. nov. and Streptococcus adjacens sp. nov., Nutritionally variant streptococci from human clinical specimens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39, ) Bouvet, A., Grimont, F., Collins, M. D., Benaoudia, F., Devine, C., Regnault, B., Grimont, P. A. (1996): Streptococcus infantarius sp. nov. related to S. bovis & S. equinus. XIIIth Lancefield international symposium on strptococci and streptococcal Paris, France. diseases, 8) Bridge, P. D., Sneath, P. H. A. (1982): Streptococcus gallinarum sp. nov. and Streptococcus oxalis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 32, ) Brooker, J. D., O'Donovan, L. A., Skene, I., Clarke, K., Blackall, L., Muslera, P. (1994): Streptococcus caprinus sp, nov., a tannin-resistant ruminal bacterium from feral goats. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 18, ) Carey, R. B., Gross, K. C., Roberts, R. B. (1975): Vitamin B6-dependent Streptococcus mitior (mitis) isolated from patients with systemic infections. J. Infect. Dis ) Carlier, J. P., Bouvet, A. (1989): Fermentation products of nutritionally variant streptococci: Additional evidence for their classification in the genus Streptococcus. Res. Microbiol. 140, ) Collins, M. D., Wallbanks, S. (1992): Comparative sequence analyses of the 16S rrna genes of Lactobacillus minutus, Lactobacillus rimae and Streptococcus parvulus: Proposal for the creation of a new genus Atopobium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 95, ) Coykendall, A. L. (1977): Proposal to elevate the subspecies of Streptococcus mutans to species status, based on their molecular composition. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 27, ) Coykendall, A. L., Wesbecher, P. M., Gustafson, constellatus, and Streptococcus intermedius are later synonyms of Streptococcus anginosus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37,
13 15) Coykendall, A. L. (1989): Rejection of the type strain of Streptococcus mitis (Andrewes and Horder 1906). Request for an opinion. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39, ) Coykendall, A. L. (1989): Classification and identification of the veridans streptococci. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2, ) Deibel, R. H., Seeley, H. W. Jr. (1974): Family II. Streptococcaceae. p , In Buchanan, R. E., Gibbons, N. E. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, eighth edition, Baltimore, The Williams and Wilkins Co. 18) Devriese, L. A., Kilpper-Balz, R., Schleifer, K. H. (1988): Streptococcus hyointestinalis sp. nov. from the gut of swine. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38, ) Devriese, L. A., Pot, B., Vandamme, P., Kersters, K., Collins, M. D., Alvarez, N., Haesebrouck, F., Hommez, J. (1997): Streptococcus hyovaginalis sp. nov. and Streptococcus thoraltensis sp. nov., from the genital trac of sows. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47, ) Eldar, A., Bejerano, Y., Bercovier, H. (1994): Streptococcus shiloi and Streptococcus difficile: two new streptococcal species causing a meningoencephalitis in fish. Curr. Microbiol. 28, ) Eldar, A., Frelier, P. F., Assenta, L., Varner, P. W., Lawhon, S., Bercovier, H. (1995): Streptococcus shiloi, the name of an agent causing septicemic infection in fish, is a junior synonym of Streptococcus iniae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45, ) Ezaki, T., Facklam, R., Takeuchi, N., Yabuuchi, E. (1986): Genetic relatedness between the type strain of Streptococcus anginosus and minutecolony-forming Beta-hemolytic streptococci carrying different Lancefiled grouping antigens. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 36, ) Ezaki, T., Hashimoto, Y., Takeuchi, N., Yamamoto, H., Liu, S., Miura, H., Matsui, K., Yabuuchi, E. (1988): Simple genetic method to identify viridans group streptococci by colorimetric dot hybridization and fluorometric hybridization in microdilution 26, wells. J. Clin. Microbiol. 24) Ezaki, T., Li, N., Hashimoto, Y., Miura, H., Yamamoto, H. (1994): 16S ribosomal DNA sequences of anaerobic cocci and proposal of Ruminococcus hansenii comb. nov. and Ruminococcus productus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, ) Facklam, R. R. (1984): The major differences in the American and British Streptococcus taxonomy schemes with special reference to Streptococcus milleri. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. 3, ) Farrow, J. A. E., Collins, M. D. (1984): Taxonomic studies on streptococci of serological group C, G and L and possibly related taxa. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 5, ) Farrow, J. A. E., Kruze, J., Phillips, B. A., Bramley, A. J., Collins, M. D. (1984): Taxonomic studies on Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus equinus: Description of Streptococcus alactolyticus sp. nov. and Streptococcus saccharolyticus sp. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 5, ) Frenkel, A., Hirsch, W. (1961): Spontaneous development of L forms of streptococci requiring secretions of other bacteria or sulphydryl compounds for normal growth. Nature 191, ) Garvie, E. I., Farrow, J. A. E., Bramley, A. J. (1983): Streptococcus dysgalactiae (Diernhofer) Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 33, nom. rev. 30) Hamada, S., Slade, H. D. (1980): Biology, immunology, and cariogenecity of Streptococcus mutans. Microbiol. Rev. 44, ) Hamada, S., Hasuda, N., Kotani, S. (1980): Isolation and serotyping of Streptococcus mutans from teeth and feces of children. J. Clin. Microbiol. 11, ) Handley, P., Coykendall, A., Beighton, D., Hardie, J. M., Whiley, R. A. (1991): Streptococcus crista sp. nov. a viridans streptococcus with tufted fibrils, isolated from the human oral cavity and throat. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41, ) Hardie, J. M. (1986): Genus Streptococcus. p , In Sneath, P. H. A., Mair, N. S., Holt, J. G. (eds), Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins. 35) Hardie, J. M., Whiley, R. A. (1995): The genus Streptococcus. p , In Wood, B. J. B., Holzapfel, W. H. (eds), The genera of lactic acid bacteria, Glasgow, Blackie Academic and Professional. 36) Judical Commission. (1993): Opinion 66. Designation of strain NS51 (=NCTC 12261) in place of strain NCTC 3165 as the type strain of Streptococcus mitis Andrewes and Horder Int. J.
14 Syst. Bacteriol. 43, ) Kawamura, Y., Hou, X. G., Sultana, F., Miura, H., Ezaki, T. (1995): Determination of 16S rrna sequences of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus gordonii and phylogenetic relationships among members of the genus Streptococcus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45, ) Kawamura, Y., Hou, X. G., Sultana, F., Liu, S., Yamamoto, H., Ezaki, T. (1995): Transfer of Streptococcus adjacens and Streptococcus defectivus to Abiotrophia gen. nov. as Abiotrophia adiacens comb. nov. and Abiotrophia defectiva comb. nov., respectively. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45, ) Kawamura, Y., Hou, X. G., Sultana, F., Liu, S., Shu, S., Ezaki, T. (1996): Differentiation of alphahemolytic streptococci by 16S rrna based species-specific probes. 13th Lancefield international symposium on streptococci and streptococcal diseases, Paris, France. 42) Kilian, M., Mikkelsen, L., Henrichsen, J. (1989): Taxonomic study of viridans streptococci: description of Streptococcus gordonii sp. nov. and emended descriptions of Streptococcus sanguis (White and Niven 1946), Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982), and Streptococcus mitis (Andrewes and Horder 1906). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39, ) Kilpper-Balz, R., Wenzig, P., Schleifer, K. H. (1985): Molecular relationships and classification of some viridans streptococci as Streptococcus oralis and emended description of Streptococcus oralis (Bridge and Sneath 1982). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35, ) Kilpper-Bali, R., Schleifer, K. H. (1988): Transfer of Streptococcus morbillorum to the genus Gemella as Gemella morbillorum comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38, ) Klein, R. S., Recco, R. A., Catalano, M. T., Edberg, S. C., Casey, J. I., Steigbigel, N. H. (1977): Association of Streptococcus bovis with carcinoma of the colon. N. Engl. J. Med. 297, ) Knight, R. G., Shlaes, D. M. (1985): Physiological characteristics and deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness of human isolates of Streptococcus bovis and Streptococcus bovis (var.). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 35, ) Loesche, W. J. (1986): Role of Streptococcus mutans in human dental decay. Microbiol. Rev. 50, ) Ludwig, W., Weizenegger, M., Kilpper-Balz, R., Schleifer, K. H. (1988): Phylogenetic relationships of anaerobic streptococci. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38, ) Ohkuni, M., Todome, Y., Mizuse, M., Ohtani, N., Suzuki, H., Igarashi, H., Hashimoto, Y., Ezaki, T., Harada, K., Imada, Y., Ohkawa, S., Kotani, S. (1993): Biologically active extracellular products of oral viridans streptococci and the aetiology of Kawasaki disease. J. Med. Microbiol. 39, ) Osawa, R., Fujisawa, T., Sly, L. I. (1995): Streptococcus gallolyticus sp. nov.; gallate degrading organisms formerly assigned to Streptococcus bovis. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18, ) Piscitelli, S. C., Shwed, J., Schreckenberger, P., Danziger, L. H. (1992): Streptococcus milleri group: Renewed interest in an Elusive Pathogen. Eur. J. Clin. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 11, ) Poyart, C., Berche, P., Trieu-Cuot, P. (1995): Characterization of superoxide dismutase genes from gram-positive bacteria by polymerase chain reaction using degenerate primers. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 131, ) Roberts, R. B., Kriege, A. G., Schiller, N. L., Gross, K. C. (1979): Viridans streptococcal endocarditis: The role of virans species, including pyridoxaldependent streptococci. Rev. Infect. Dis. 1, ) Robinson, I. M., Stromley, J. M., Varel, V. H., Cato, E. P. (1988): Streptococcus intesinalis, a new species from the colons and feces of pigs. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38, ) Rudolph, K. M., Parkinson, A. J., Black, C. M., Mayer, L. W. (1993): Evaluation of polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of pneumococcal pneumonia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31, ) Sanders, J. W., Leenhouts, K. J., Haandrikman, A. J., Venema, G., Kok, J. (1995): Stress response in Lactococcus lactis: cloning, expression analysis, and mutation of the lactococcal superoxide dismutase gene. J. Bacteriol. 177, a) Schleifer, K. H., Kilpper-Balz, R. (1984): Transfer of Streptococcus faecalis and Streptococcus faecium to the genus Enterococcus nom. rev. as Enterococcus
15 faecalis comb. nov. and Enterococcus faecium comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34, b) Schleifer, K. H., Kraus, J., Dvorak, C., Kilpper- Balz, R., Collins, M. D., Fischer, W. (1985): Transfer of Streptococcus lactis and related streptococci to the genus Lactococcus gen. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 6, ) Schleifer, K. H., Ehrmann, M., Krusch, U., Neve, H. (1991): Revival of the species Streptococcus thermophilus (ex Orla-Jensen, 1919) nom. rev. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 14, ) Schmidhuber, S., Kilpper-Balz, R., Schleifer, K. H. (1987): A taxonomic study of Streptococcus mitis, S. oralis, and S. sanguis. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 10, ) Skaar, I., Gaustad, P., Tonjum, T., Holm, B., Stenwig, H. (1994): Streptococcus phocae sp. nov., a new species isolated from clinical specimens from seals. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44, ) Skerman, V. B. D., McGowan, V., Sneath, P. H. A. (1980): Approved lists of bacterial names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30, ) Sly, L. I., Cahill, M. M., Osawa, R., Fujisawa, T. (1997): The tannin-degrading species Streptococcus gallolyticus and Streptococcus caprinus are subjective synonyms. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47, ) Smith, M. W., Doolittle, R. F. (1992): A comparison of evolutionary rates of the two major kinds of superoxide dismutase. J. Mol. Evol. 34, ) Subcommittee on the taxonomy of staphylococci and streptococci. (1996): Minutes of subcommittee meeting, Paris, Unpublish. 65) Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G., Gibson, T. J. (1994): CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighing, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res. 22, ) Truper, H. G., Clari, L. (1997): Taxonomic note: necessary correction of specific epithets formed as Bacteriol. 47, ) van de Rijn, I. (1985): Quantitative analysis of cell walls of nutritionally variant streptococci group under various growth conditions. Infect. Immun. 49, ) Vandamme, P., Pot, B., Falsen, E., Kersters, K., Devriese, L. A. (1996): Taxonomic study of Lancefield streptococcal groups C, G and L (Streptococcus dysgalactiae) and proposal of S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis subsp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46, ) Vieira, V. V., Teixeira, L. M., Zahner, V., Momen, H., Pacheco, R., Steigerwalt, A. G., Brenner, D. J., Castro, A. C. D. (1997): Genetic relationships among the different phenotypes of Streptococcus dysgalactiae strains. 97th Generan meeting of American Society for Microbiology, Miami, USA. 70) Whiley, R. A., Russell, R. R. B., Hardie, J. M., Beighton, D. (1988): Streptococcus downeii sp. nov. for strains previously described as Streptococcus mutans serotype h. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38, ) Whiley, R. A., Hardie, J. M. (1988): Streptococcus vestibularis sp. nov. from the human oral cavity. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 38, ) Whiley, R. A., Hardie, J. M. (1989): DNA-DNA hybridization studies and phenotypic charac ) Whiley, R. A., Fraser, H., Hardie, J. M., Beighton, D. (1990): Phenotypic differentiation of Streptococcus intermedius, Streptococcus constellatus, and Streptococcus anginosus strains within the 28, ) Whiley, R. A., Fraser, H. Y., Douglas, C. W. I., Hardie, J. M., Williams, A. M., Collins, M. D. (1990): Streptococcus parasanguis sp. nov. an atypical viridans Streptococcus from human clinical specimens. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 68, ) Whiley, R. A., Beighton, D. (1991): Emended descriptions and recognition of Streptococcus constellatus, Streptococcus intermedius, and Streptococcus anginosus as distinct species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41, ) Whiley, R. A., Hall, L. M. C., Hardie, J. M., Beighton, D. (1997): Genotypic and phenotypic diversity within Streptococcus anginosus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47, ) Woese, C. R. (1987): Bacterial evolution. Microbiol. Rev. 51,
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51 12 2005313 Taxonomic changes of the genera Staphylococcus and Streptococcus on this decade. Yoshiaki KAWAMURA Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis MRSA MRSE Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus
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