Rietveld analysis and its application Abstract A brief review has been presented on the Rietveld method and its recent development. It consists of (1)

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1 Rietveld analysis and its application Abstract A brief review has been presented on the Rietveld method and its recent development. It consists of (1) Introduction, (2) Recent development of the method, (3) Intensity measurements including pulsed neutron and synchroton radiation sources, (4) General principles and formula such as those for profile and preferred-orientation correction functions, (5) Computer programs, (6) Examples of the refinement, (7) Discussion, and (8) Concluding remarks.

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10 Albinati, A. & Willis, B. T. M. (1981) The Rietveld Method in Neutron and X-ray Powder Diffraction. J. App!. Cryst., 15, Berg, J. E. & Werner, P. E. (1977) On the use of Guinier-Hagg film data for structure analysis. Zeit. Krist., 145, Busing, W. R., M artin, K. 0. & LEVY. H. A. (1962) ORFLS, A Fortran Crystallographic Least-Squares Program. Rep. ORNL-TM-305,, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Tennesse. Cheetham A. K. & Taylor, J. (1977) Profile Analysis of Powder Neutron DiffractionData : 248

11 Its Scope, Limitations, and Applications in Solid State Chemistry. J. Solid State Chem., 21, Cooper, M. J. (1982) The Analysis of Powder Diffraction Data. Acta Cryst., A38, Cooper, M. J., Rouse, K. D. & Sakata, M. (1981) An alternative to the Rietveld profile refinement method. Zeit. Krist., 157, Fujishita, H., Shiozaki, Y. & Sawaguchi, E. (1979) Lattice distortion of PbZr03. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, Letters, 46, 4, 1391 \1392. Glazer, A. M., Hidaka, M. & Bordas, J. (1978) Energy-Dispersive using Synchrotron Radiation. J. Appl. Cryst., 11, Powder Profile Refinement Hall, M. M. Jr,. Veeraraghaven, V. G. & Winchell, P. G. (1977) The approximation of symmetric X-ray peaks by Pearson type VII distributions. J. Appl. Cryst., 10, Huang, T. C. & Parrish, W. (1975) Application of the Profile Fitting method. Acta Cryst., A31, Immirzi, A. (1980) Constrained Powder-Profile Refinement Based on Generalized Coordinates. Applications to X-ray Data of Isotactic Polypropylene. Acta Cryst., B36, Izumi, F. (1981) Pattern-Fitting Structure Refinement of Tin(II)oxide. J. Solid State Chem., 38, Izumi, F., Mimoto, M. & Suzuki, J. (1983) Structure refinement of yttrium a-sialon from X-ray powder profile data. J. Mater. Sci. Lett., in the press. Khattak, C. P. & Cox, D. E. (1977) Profile Analysis of X-ray powder Diffraction Data : Structure Refinement of La0.75Sr0.25 Cr03. J. Appl. Cryst., 10, Malmros, J. E. & Thomas, J. 0. (1977) Least-Squares Structure Refinement based on Profile Analysis of Powder Film Intensity Data measured on an automatic microdensitometer. J. Appl. Cryst., 10, Parrish, W. & Huang, T. C. (1975) The Profile Fitting Method in X-ray Analysis : Theory and Practice. Acta Cryst., A31, S197. Pawley, G. S., Mackenzie, G. A. & Dietrich, 0. W. (1977) Neutron Powder Diffraction and Constrained Refinement. The Structure of p-dibromo-and p-diiodotetrafluorobenzene. Acta Cryst., A33, Rietveld, H. M. (1967) Line profile of neutron powder-diffraction peaks for structure refinement. Acta Cryst., 22, Rietveld H. M. (1969) A Profile Refinement Method for Nuclear and Magnetic Structures. J. Appl. Cryst., 2, Sakata, M. & Cooper, M. J. (1979) An Analysis of the Rietveld refinement Method. J. Appl. Cryst., 12, Sato, M., Kodama, N. & Matsuda, S. (1981) An application of pattern fitting structure 249

12 refinement to muscovite (KA12 (Si3Al)Ol0). Min. J., 10, Sawaguchi, E., Shiozaki, Y., Fujishita, H. & Tanaka, M. (1980) Crystal Structure Analysis of Ferroelectrics by Profile Analysis Method. J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 49, Sup. B, Tanaka, M., Fujishita, H., Shiozaki, Y. & Sawaguchi, E. (1980) X-ray Diffraction Profile Analysis for the Determination of the Crystal Structure of BaTiO3. Japanese J. Appl. Phys., 19, Toraya. H, Iwai, S. & Marumo, F. (1980) The structural investigation of a kaolin mineral by X-ray powder pattern-fitting. Min. J., 10, Toraya, H. & Marumo, F. (1980) Application of Total Pattern-Fitting to X-ray powder Diffraction Data. Rep. Res. Lab. of Engineering Materials, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 5, Toraya, H. & Marumo, F. (1981) Preferred orientation correction in powder patternfitting. Min. J., 10, Watanabe, A., Sekikawa, Y. & Izumi, F. (1982) An Outline of the Structure of New Layered Bismuth Lanthanum Tungstate, Bi2-xLaRWO6(x= ). J. Solid State Chem., 41, Wiles, D. B. & Young, R. A. (1981) A New Computer Program for Rietveld Analysi of X-ray Powder Diffraction Pattern. J. Appl. Cryst., 14, Windsor, C. G. & Sinclair, R. N. (1976) The Debye-Waller Factor of Nickel Measured at High Scattering Vectors by Pulsed Neutron Powder Diffraction. Acta Cryst., A32, Young, R. A. & Wiles, D. B. (1982) Profile Shape Functions in Rietveld Refinement. J. Appl. Cryst., 15, Young, R. A. & Mackie, P. E. (1980) Crystallography of human tooth enamel: Initial Structure Refinement. Mat. Res. Bull., 15, Y oung, R. A., Mackie, P. E. & von Dreele, R. B. (1977) Application of the Pattern-Fitting Structure Refinement Method to X-ray powder Diffractometer Patterns. J. Appl. Cryst., 10,

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