rang bzhin 1 Tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa: Lam rim chen mo 1402 rang bzhin Candrakīrti: ca rang rang gi ngos nas gnas tsh

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1 rang bzhin 1 Tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa: Lam rim chen mo 1402 rang bzhin Candrakīrti: ca rang rang gi ngos nas gnas tshul thun mong min pa i ngo bo tha snyad pa i shes pa chos nyid dgag bya ngos dzin khyab chung ba dgag pa Nāgārjuna: ca Mūlamadhyamakakārikā 15 2 Lam rim mchan bzhi 1 rang bzhin ngo bo ngo bo nyid rang gi ngo bo 2006 Pa tshab nyi ma grags: b svabhāva rang bzhin svabhāva ngo bo : 193ff. Cutler (ed.) 2002: 195ff.

2 niḥsvabhāva svabhāva [1] akṛtrima [2] nirapekṣa 15 S2-1-1 Prasannapadā dgag bya ngos dzin khyab chung ba thun mong ma yin pa i dgag bya S Lam rim chen mo 415a2ff.: de ltar na dus byas rnams rgyu rkyen gyis bskyed pa dang gzhan du gyur ba ni rang gi sde pa rnams kyis grub zin pas de dag la rang bzhin med pa bsgrub mi dgos par gyur ba dang de dag gis kyang dngos po rnams rang bzhin med par rtogs par gyur ba sogs kyi skyon yod pas de thun mong ma yin pa i dgag bya ga la yin

3 rang bzhin 69 don S don 5 grub mtha cha med pa i dngos po rtag gcig rang dbang can gyi bdag S2-1-5, 6 3 sgro dogs 15 rang lugs S Lam rim chen mo 415a5f.: gzhan yang don dam par dang yang dag par grub pa dang bden par grub na ang rgyu rkyen gyis ma bskyed pa sogs su gyur dgos na ang de dag ni don dam par grub pa sogs kyi don min te dper na bum pa la mi rtag pas khyab kyang mi rtag pa bum pa i don du mi rung gi lto ldir pa de i don du bzhag dgos pa bzhin no 5 don mtshan nyid mtshon bya mtshan nyid mtshan gzhi mtshon bya tha snyad mtshan nyid don 2003

4 70 13 sgro btags 6 7 na tad asti na cāpi nāsti svarūpataḥ de ni rang gi ngo bos yod pa yang min la med pa yang min 8 6 saṁvṛtyā samāropya tad astīti brūmaḥ sgro btags nas kun rdzob tu de yod do zhes bya bar de smra o kun rdzob tu yod 7 rtsa she ṭik chen 158a6ff.: ci me i rang gi ngo bo de lta bur gyur pa yod dam zhe na de ni rang gi ngo bos yod pa yang min la med pa yang min zhes gsungs te yod mod kyi rang gi ngo bos yod pa min zhes pa i don te jug grel las de la don dam pa ni yang dag pa gzigs pa rnams kyi ye shes kyi khyad par gyi yul nyid kyis bdag gi rang gi ngo bo rnyed pa yin gyi rang gi bdag nyid kyis grub pa ni ma yin te zhes gsungs pa ltar ro rang gi ngo bos med pa de lta yin mod kyang nyan pa po rnams kyi skrag pa spang ba i phyir sgro btags nas kun rdzob tu de yod do zhes bya bar smra o 8 yod pa tsam rang bzhin gyis yod pa med pa tsam rang bzhin med pa 1999: 57ff.

5 rang bzhin 71 tha snyad samāropa attribution samāropa sgro dogs sgro dogs sgro dogs skur debs blos btags nas ston pa rtsa she ṭik chen 15 9 shes bya rtsa she ṭik chen 158b6f.: des na blos btags nas ston pa la yang sgro btags nas zhes gsungs pa mang po yod pas bdag gnyis sgro btags pa dra ba yin mi dgos so 10 shes bya yod pa 11 rtsa she ṭik chen 158b4: sgro btags nas zhes gsungs pas don dam bden pa shes bya min no zhes pa yang mi rigs te 12 Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 344.2f.: rang bzhin dang chos nyid ces bya ba i tha snyad sngar med pa la glo bur du sbyar zhing sgro btags nas [...]

6 sgra rtog gi tha snyad kyi lam x x , 4, 5, 6 4 dgag bya ngos dzin khyab chung ba dgag pa Zhol 1996 S2 S2-1 S2-1-1 Ba Ba so chos kyi rgyal mtshan: Nga Ngag dbang rab brtan: 17 Ja Jam dbyangs bzhad pa ngag dbang brtson grus: Rin chen don grub: Pras f.: yady apy evaṃ tathāpi vyavahārasatyānurodhena laukikatathyādyabhyupagamavat tasyāpi samāropato lakṣaṇam ucyatām iti tad ucyate ; Pras D 119b3: de lta yin mod kyi on kyang jig rten pa i tha snyad khas blangs pa ltar tha snyad kyi bden pa i ngor sgro btags nas de i mtshan nyid kyang brjod par bya dgos so zhe na de brjod par bya ste 14 rtsa she ṭik chen 191a5f.: tshig gsal las sgro btags nas de i mtshan nyid brjod dgos so zhes byung ba ni sgra rtog gi tha snyad kyi lam nas drangs te bshad pa la bya i min bzhin du btags pa min te rab byed bco lnga bar bshad zin to

7 rang bzhin 73 5 S2 [414b4] dgag bya S2-1 S2-1-1 gnas lugs 15 rang bzhin khyad par gsum dang ldan pa [1] ngo bo [2] gnas skabs [3] rnam jog S Ja bod kha cig 16 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 335.8f.: di stong nyid kyi khyad par yin pas dgag byar ga la rung 17 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] f.: de dra i rang bzhin de rgyu rkyen gyis bcos pa i byas pa can du gyur ro 18 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] f.: kho rang jog byed kyi blo gzhan la bltos pa med pa yin 19 MMK XV 1 2: na saṃbhavaḥ svabhāvasya yuktaḥ pratyayahetubhiḥ hetupratyayasaṃbhūtaḥ svabhāvaḥ kṛtako bhavet svabhāvaḥ kṛtako nāma bhaviṣyati punaḥ katham akṛtrimaḥ svabhāvo hi nirapekṣaḥ paratra ca 20 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] ff.: de skad smra ba des ni dgag bya legs par ngos ma zin te dper na bum pa ngos zin pa la dngos po i ngo bo ston pa ltar lta ba i thun mong min pa i dgag bya ngos dzin pa la de i khyab byed rang bzhin khyad par gsum ldan ngos bzung ba i phyir ro 21 spyir 22 Ja de nyid

8 74 13 dgag bya ngos dzin pa x dbu ma i lta ba x 23 S thun mong ma yin pa i dgag bya S2-1-4 phangs pa 27 rang gi ngo bos grub pa i rang bzhin khyab byed rtsa ba Ja mthar thug pa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 336.8f. de ltar na khyod kyis gong du ngos bzung ba de dgag bya phyogs re ba yin pas ngos dzin khyab chung ba yin te 25 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] : skad cig gis jig pa i sgo nas gnas skabs gzhan du gyur ba ni [...] 26 Ja bye mdo sogs Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] f. 28 khyad par gsum ldan Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 337.3ff.

9 rang bzhin 75 S2-1-5 don cha med pa i dngos po grub mtha smra ba rnams 29 mngon sum du rtogs pa lhan skyes kyi nyon mongs S2-1-6 lhan skyes kyi dzin stangs 30 gtso bo yan lag 31 kun brtags kyi dzin pa 32 dzin stangs rtag gcig rang dbang can gyi bdag 29 Ja grub mthas rgyud bslad pa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] f. 30 lta bas gtan la bebs pa i dus bsgom pa i tshe 31 Nga yan lag rgyu mtshan Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 338.8ff. kun brtags kyi bden dzin phal cher bden dzin mtshan nyid par ong pas de rgyu mtshan du btags nas lhan skyes kyi zhen yul gog pa ste dper na bden med de rigs pas dpyad bzod du ma grub pa i phyir zhes pa lta bu ste 32 Ja rtag gcig rang dbang can Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha]

10 76 13 S2-1-7 ha cang thal Madhyamakāvatāra MA VI 140: nityātmā ca kṣipyate nātmabodhe nāhaṁkārasyāśrayaś cāyam iṣṭaḥ ātmābhāvajñena kiṃ tat svadṛṣṭer utkhātaś cety ucyate tīva citram. Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] ff.: gang zag gi bdag med pa mngon sum du rtogs par dod pa i tshe ni rtag pa i bdag tsam zhig med par mthong ba i sgo nas spong zhing rtag pa i bdag di ni ngar dzin lhan skyes kyi dmigs pa dang rnam pa gang gi rten du ang mi dod pa de phyir na rtag pa i bdag tsam med par shes pas lhan skyes kyi bdag tu lta ba de nyid dpyis kyang ste rtsa ba nas byin nus zhes smra ba di ni shin tu ngo mtshar ba i gnas so Ja rtag pa i bdag bkag pa tsam gyis lhan skyes kyi bdag dzin spong ngo Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] gzhan gyi gnam po mkhas pa gzhan gyi gnam por te bzhad gad du gyur Ja dgongs pa rab gsal 212b6f.; Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 340.5f. Jam dbyangs dga blo: skyogs ston lo tsā ba: 15th c. Li shi i gur khang gnam po drang po Lam rim brda bkrol 47a1 ārjava gnam po drang po de la Vallée Poussin (1911: 309) notre adversaire est vraiment candide 37 MA VI 141: paśyann ahiṁ chidragataṁ svagehe gajo tra nāstīti nirastaśaṅkaḥ jahāti sarpād api nāma bhītim aho hi nāmārjavatā parasya. Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 340.1ff.: mi shes pa ga zhig rang gi khyim gyi rtsig pa i phug tu sbrul gnas par mthong nas de la jigs bzhin du yod pa i tshe mi gzhan zhig gis khyod sbrul des ma jigs shig rtsig pa i phug di na glang chen med do ces kho i jigs pa i dogs pa bsal te glang chen med par smras pa i tshig de lta bus sbrul gyi jigs pa ang spong bar byed dod pa ni kye ma o tshul di mthong ba i

11 rang bzhin S2-2 S2-2-1 mtshan nyid brtag pa mtha bzung tshe mkhas pa shes rab can gzhan gyi gnam por te bzhad gad kyi gnas su gyur ba nyid do Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 341.1ff.: de dra ba i rang bzhin di ni [...] sher phyin gyi mdor chos rnams kyi chos nyid di ni gnas pa nyid do ces gsungs pa i chos nyid de la rang bzhin zhes bzhag pa de yin te [...] 40 Ja bcos ma ma yin pa rdzun pa min pa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja gzhan la bltos pa med pa rgyu rkyen Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 342.7

12 S nang gi blo Ja phags pa i mnyam gzhag gi shes pa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] MABh ff. 44 Ja khyed kyis 45 Ja dus byas sogs kyi chos Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja snga ma i dpe phyi ma i dpe Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] ff. 47 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 344.2f.: rang bzhin dang chos nyid ces bya ba i tha snyad sngar med pa la glo bur du sbyar zhing sgro btags nas [...] 48 Ja kun rdzob tha snyad Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 344.3: tha snyad kun rdzob de i ngo bo nyid tu de yod do zhes brjod par bya o [...] 49 Pras 263.5ff.: yad evāgneḥ kālatraye py avyabhicāri nijaṃ rūpam, akṛtrimaṃ pūrvam abhūtvā paścād yan na bhavati, yac ca hetupratyayasāpekṣaṃ na bhavaty apām auṣṇyavat pārāvāravad dīrghahrasvavad vā, tat svabhāva iti vyapadiśyate kiṃ khalu [agneḥ] tad itthaṃ svarūpam asti na tad asti na cāpi nāsti svarūpataḥ yady apy evaṃ tathāpi śrot ṛṇām uttrāsaparivarjanārthaṃ saṃvṛtyā samāropya tad astīti brūmaḥ

13 rang bzhin 79 S S S grol ba thob pa S2-2-6 Yuktiṣaṣṭhikāvṛtti Ja nyan pa po skrag pa spang ba Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] rgol gnyis kas khas len par jug nus pa gnyis ka la grub pa gzhan yang don di khas len du gzhug par nus pa phyi grol kyis kyang khas len par jug nus pa 53 MABh ff. 54 MABh 308.6ff. 55 Ja rang bzhin yod pa de med par dod na Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha]

14 S tha snyad S S glo bur du kye ma ma la; Skt. *aho bata 63 dngos po; 58 YṢV D 8a3ff. cf. 2004: 28ff. 59 [1] ngo bo [2] gnas skabs [3] rnam jog S Ja khyad par gsum gyi don bshad pa 61 Ja phyis glo bur du skye ba Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] ff.: de ltar gzugs sogs rnams chos nyid la rang bzhin du byas pa de dang rang gi ngo bos grub pa i rang bzhin te rang bzhin de gnyis gang du ang ma grub pas na gzugs sogs la gnas pa tsam gyis chos nyid kyi rang bzhin ma mthong la de ltar ma mthong bas na chos nyid la rang bzhin du byas pa i rang bzhin de blta ba i phyir du lam bsgom par byed pas na de i gzhi ma tshangs spyod kyang don med du mi gyur bar gsungs shing [...] 63 Ja kye ma smad pa

15 rang bzhin 81 Skt. vastu glo bur du; Skt. *akasmāt S rang gi ngo bos yod pa ye med ma la gzhi nas ma nas rkang nas ma la gzhi nas ma grig rtsa ba nas ma byung gzhi nas Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 346.8ff. ma la ma la kye ma kye hud Lam rim brda bkrol 47a1f. 64 glo bur du Skt. akasmāt Ja glo bur ba i tha snyad du Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja rgyu rkyen gyis byas pa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja rang bzhin mthar thug pa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] lam sgom pa cf. Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] ff., Ja glo bur ba i tha snyad Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja de tsam gyis ni Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja dngos po rang gi mtshan nyid kyis grub pa bden grub Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja dngos po med pa gtan nas med pa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja zhi ba sprod pa thams cad Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] MABh 307.9ff.

16 82 13 S khyad gzhi khyad chos 75 gnyis snang don dam bden pa btags pa ba 76 S don dam dngos gnas pa khrul snang chos nyid chos can tha snyad pa i blo gzhan zhig 77 S rang gi ngo bos grub pa i spros pa Ja so skye i skabs lta ba thog mar gtan la bebs pa i dus dir Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] ff. 75 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 348.1f. 76 Ja nges ngo i stong nyid snang ngo i stong nyid stong nyid dngos Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 348.5f. 77 Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja dgag bya Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] spros pa Skt. vāc; Tib. ngag Pras 373.9; rtsa she ṭik chen 191b6f. rten brel bstod pa 6 bden dzin gyi spros pa mthar dzin gyi spros pa nyon mongs pa i rnam rtog Od dkar 7a1; Dren byed 3b2; Bang mdzod 12a1f. 18

17 rang bzhin 83 khrul snang gi spros pa bdag dzin mthar dzin bden dzin Jug ngos 7a3; Od dkar 13a4; Dren byed 5b2; Bang mdzod 25a1ff. 80 gnyis snang gi spros pa dgongs pa rab gsal 112b5f. 81 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja brdzun pa i bdag nyid dam ngo bo de ma gzigs pa i tshul gyis Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 350.3f. 83 Ja mnyam gzhag Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Pras 265.3ff.: avidyātimiraprabhāvopalabdhaṃ bhāvajātaṃ yenātmanā vigatāvidyātimirāṇām āryāṇām adarśanayogena viṣayatvam upayāti tad eva svarūpam eṣāṃ svabhāva iti vyavasthāpyate 85 Ja Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] 350.9ff.: gzugs sogs dngos po rnams kyi sdod lugs kyi rang bzhin mthar thug du gyur pa rang bzhin gyi skye ba med pa i stong nyid spros pa gnyis po thams cad dang bral ba mnyam gzhag la ji ltar shar ba de yang ni de la shar ba ltar gzhan la brtags pa dang brjod pa dang dpe dang gtan tshigs kyis dngos su bsgrub tu med pas na ci yang ma yin pa nyid kyis gzugs sogs su snang ba ltar gyi dngos po log pa i sgo nas dngos po med pa tsam zhig yin pas [...] 86 Ja mnyam gzhag de i ngor ngo bo bzung du med Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] f. 87 nāsti bhāvasvabhāvaḥ dngos po i rang bzhin du yod pa ma yin no Ja dngos po rten dang rang bzhin brten pa i tshul du mnyam gzhag gi ngo na yod pa ma yin Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] f. 88 Pras 265.7ff.: sa caiṣa bhāvānām anutpādātmakaḥ svabhāvo kiṃcittvenābhāvamātratvād asvabhāva eveti kṛtvā nāsti bhāvasvabhāva iti vijñeyam

18 84 13 S2-3 sgrub pa rang dbang ba S2-3-1 dgag pa 89 dgag bya bdag gnyis la sogs pa i spros pa rnam par bcad pa tsam 90 yin lugs gol sa Ja Jo nang ba Kālacakratantra Uttaratantra Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja rdzas so so ma dres pa blo la shar ba Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ba dus khor dang thogs med kyi lugs kyi zab mo i don rtogs pa i lta ba Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja chad lta Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja yang dag pa i lta ba i log phyogs log lta gol sa nor sa log sa Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] ff. 94 Ja rang bzhin gyis grub pa nyid du bzung ba Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] Ja phung sogs phyi nang gi chos Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha]

19 rang bzhin 85 S2-3-2 bdag legs su dod pa ma rig pa i dzin stangs 96 S dgongs pa rab gsal dbu ma la jug pa i rgya cher bshad pa dgongs pa rab gsal (Tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa): Zhol ed. Ma. Tohoku No Jug ngogs ston pa bla na med pa la zab mo rten cing brel bar byung ba i sgo nas bstod pa legs par bshad pa i snying po i don bshad pa bla na med pa i jug ngogs (dge dun rgya mtsho). Zhol ed. La. Tohoku No Dren byed rten brel bstod pa i tshig don nyung ngur bkrol ba zab don lta ba i dren byed (Dngul chu dharma bha dra): Tohoku No Collected Works (GSUN BUM) of Dṅul-Chu Dharma-Bhadra, Ga. New Delhi Pras Prasannapadā (Candrakīrti): L. de la Vallée Poussin ed. Mūlamadhyamakakārikās (Mādhyamikasūtras) de Nāgārjuna avec la Prasannapadā Commentaire de Candrakīrti. Bibliotheca Buddhica IV. St. Petersburg. Reprint, Osnabrück Pras D Prasannapadā (Candrakīrti): Tibetan sde dge ed. dbu ma A. Tohoku No Bang mdzod rten brel bstod pa i ṭīkka legs bshad nor bu i bang mdzod (lcang skya rol pa i rdo rje): lcang skya rol pa i rdo rje i gsung bum, Kha. Beijing: Krung go bod brgyad mtho rim nang bstan slob gling nang bstan zhib jug khang MA Madhyamakāvatāra (Candrakīrti). See MABh. MABh Madhyamakāvatārabhāṣya (Candrakīrti): L. de la Vallée Poussin ed. Madhyamakāvatāra par Candrakīrti, Traduction Tibétaine. Bibliotheca Buddhica IX. St. Petersburg. Reprint, Osnabrück MMK Mūlamadhyamakakārikā: J. W. de Jong ed. Nāgārjuna: Mūlamadhyamakakārikāḥ. Madras: The Adyar Library and Research Centre rtsa she ṭik chen dbu ma rtsa ba i tshig le ur byas pa shes rab ces bya ba i rnam bshad rigs pa i rgya mtsho (Tsong kha pa blo bzang grags pa): Zhol ed. Ba. Tohoku No Od dkar rten brel bstod pa i ṭīkka od dkar phreng ba (Phur lcog ngag dbang byams pa): Phur bu lcog ed. Vol. 1. Tohoku No Ja thabs ma nor ba zhig la bad par bya o thabs de yand nges pa i don gyi gsung rab dang Lam rim mchan bzhi [smad cha] f.

20 86 13 YṢV Yuktiṣaṣṭhikāvṛtti (Candrakīrti): Tibetan sde dge ed. dbu ma Ya. Tohoku No Lam rim mchan bzhi mnyam med rje btsun tsong kha pa chen pos mdzad pa i byang chub lam rim chen mo i dka ba i gnad rnams mchan bu bzhi i sgo nas legs par bshad pa theg chen lam gyi gsal sgron (Ba so chos kyi rgyal mtshan et al.). Mundgod: Drepung Gomang Library Lam rim brda bkrol Lam rim chen po las byung ba i brda bkrol nyer mkho bsdus pa (dbyangs can dga ba i blo gros). sku bum ed. Ka. 2. Cutler (ed.) 2002 Joshua W.C. Cutler (ed.). The Great Treatise on the Stages of the Path to Enlightenment, Volume 3. Ithaca: Snow Lion. de la Vallée Poussin 1911 Louis de la Vallée Poussin. Introduction au Traité du Milieu de l Ācarya Candrakīrti, avec le commentaire de l auteur, traduit d après la version tibétaine. Muséon 12: rang bzhin ngo bo nyid 52: : II pp mtshan mtshon gzhi gsum 49:

21 rang bzhin 87 Tsong kha pa s Interpretation of svabhāva (rang bzhin) Hiroshi Nemoto This article consists of an annotated Japanese translation of Tsong kha pa s Lam rim chen mo 414b4 419b1 (in the Zhol ed.), which corresponds to the section entitled: Refuting an overly restricted identification of the object to be negated (dgag bya ngos dzin khyab chung ba dgag pa), where he discusses what is the definition of svabhāva (Tib. rang bzhin). Tsong kha pa opens his discussion by examining a certain opponent s view which says that svabhāva or own being, the object to be negated by the Mādhyamika s reasoning, is precisely defined as what is not fabricated (bcos min) and does not depend on others (gzhan la bltos pa med pa). Against this, Tsong kha pa argues that this is an overly restricted identification of the object to be negated on the grounds that these two characteristics are not unique to own being. He therefore asserts that, as long as the object of negation is understood as such, it is not possible to abandon the ignorant conception of own being, which binds sentient being to saṁsāra. Furthermore, he says that, if it were the case that the object of negation is identified as such, there would be no need for the Mādhyamika to demonstrate that things are empty of own being; for in that case even non-mādhyamika schools would easily understand the emptiness of own being when they observe that compounded phenomena ( dus byas) are produced by causes and conditions. It is of course true that Nāgārjuna teaches, in the Mūlamadhyamakakārikā XV 2, that svabhāva is not fabricated and does not depend on others. However, according to Tsong kha pa, this statement is not what defines the object to be negated, but what merely expresses the logical entailment that, if something is own being, it must necessarily be what is not fabricated and does not depend on something else. Further, Tsong kha pa insists, in accordance with Candrakīrti s view, that there exists svabhāva that is not fabricated and does not depend on others. What is said to be svabhāva here is intrinsic nature of things, which is the ultimate reality of emptiness or dharmatā. Although it is essentially ineffable, it is referred to by the name of svabhāva by means of superimposition (sgro btags), that is, by giving that name to the reality that is beyond language. The intrinsic nature is unreal in the sense that it lacks analytically findable identity, but it exists as the object of verbal activity (tha snyad). The point Tsong kha pa emphasizes is that the intrinsic nature of things does exist although it is not established by their own being. The Annals of the Research Project Center for the Comparative Study of Logic 13 (2016): nemoto@hiroshima-u.ac.jp

YOKO01_26959.pdf

YOKO01_26959.pdf 佛教大学大学院紀要文学研究科篇第38号 2010年３月) ら出会うと認めるのなら一切の本質において出会うのか一方向において出会うのか第一の一切の本質において出会うようなら位置が入り混ざっていることになってしまうのである / そう認めるのならどれだけの微塵が集められても量が大きくなることは有り得ないことになるのである一方向において出会い一方向において出会わないのなら