第6章 ベネズエラの石油産業
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2 BCV, Información Estadística ( [sembrar el petróleo]) Karl[1997] Paradox of Plenty Corden[1984] PDVSA Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A.
3
4 IT ( API API
5
6 HP( WTI 2004 WTI 10 1)(exploration) 2)(development) 3)(production)
7 PDVSA PDVSA 100% Citgo
8 2005 PDVSA
9 EPC Schlemberger Halliburton
10
11 (Possible reserves) (Probable reserves) (Proven Recoverable) [1999:53-54] 1970 OPEC 73.9%(2004 ) 10 OECD 7% OPEC R/P ratio 40.5 OPEC 70 OECD
12 UAE (1)
13 ,803 55,824 57,468 68,008 80, ,219 7,216 3,601 9,032 10, n/a n/a 10,904 6,288 9, ,014 10,008 10,580 8,322 7, ,908 5,387 2,205 3,744 4, ,912 3,065 3, ,545 2,505 2,989 3, ,903 3, ,735 1,812 2,402 3, ,503 2,422 1,744 2,959 2, UAE* 282 1,696 1,260 2,410 2, ,785 1,499 1,998 2, ,371 2,132 1,127 2,130 2, ,675 2,749 2, ,313 2,271 1, , ,003 1,151 1,327 1, ,220 1,514 1,025 1,439 1, , n/a n/a , ,306 1,342 1,578 1, ,779 13,669 20,060 20,737 20, ,386 27,168 16,695 27,607 32, ,559 18,740 28,733 33,103 35,
14 30.6% 10 UAE % % % OPEC % OPEC % OECD 25.8% ,000 (2004 )
15 76,
16 7.8% 5.5% 20 75% 25% OPEC OPEC OPEC
17 OECD
18 OPEC OPEC OPEC (NYMEX) 2% WTI
19
20 [2001:49-51] WTI WTI EIA [ % % % %
21
22 0.26% API 1990 PDVSA ,000 20,000 6% OPEC 35.2% 97.6 OPEC
23
24 OPEC IOC: International Oil Companies (NOC: National Oil Companies) 70 OPEC % 12 OPEC 38.9% 51.8% OPEC, 12 Pemex Statoil
25
26 [2003:11-12] OPEC
27
28
29 2005 PDVSA GDP 17.2% 84.9% 55.3% (BCV, Información Estadídstica) 772 BP PDVSA 300 IEA EIA 260
30 300 IEA EIA OPEC OPEC, OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin 2004, Monthly Oil Market Report OPEC [ 260 BP 40 BP OPEC (2006 )
31
32
33
34 (IOC) PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA 90 PDVSA PDVSA 90 PDVSA % PDVSA PDVSA
35
36 18 65% 25% 55.8% 65.0% PDVSA PDVSA
37 PDVSA 1990 PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA PDVSA Fondespa Fonden[ ] PDVSA % 30% 34% 50% 2005 PDVSA 90
38 2005 CNPC Petrocaribe,Petrosur 25% 12 Petrobras PDVSA 18
39 [2003] [1991] [1999] [2003] 21 Vol.51 No.2. [2003] Vol.51 No.2. [2003] [2001] : [1986] [2003] Vol.51 No.2. [1997] W.L Corden, W,M.[1984] Booming Sector and Dutch Disease Economics Oxford Economic Papers, November Vol.36 No.3, pp Deutsche Bank, Global Energy Wire, (Nov.24, 2003). Karl, Terry Lynn[1997]The Paradox of Plenty: Oil Booms and Petro-States, Berkeley: University of California Press.
40 Mommer, Bernardo [2004] The Value of Extra-Heavy Crude Oil from the Orinoco Belt, Middle East Economic Survey, Vol.47 No.22 (March 15), pp.d1-d11. JPI ( Banco Central de Venezuela, Información Estadística, ( British Petroleum, BP Statistical Review of World Energy ( Energy Information Administration, US Government (EIA), International Energy Annual ( IEA(International Energy Agency) World Energy Outlook ( Ministerio de Energía y Petroleo ( Ministerio de Energía y Minas) ( OPEC, OPEC Annual Statistical Bulletin ( OPEC, Monthly Oil Market Report ( PDVSA ( World Trade Atlas
41
56 14 PDVSA 2003 : 4 vs vs 1990PDVSA 1999 PDVSA OPEC OPEC OPEC BP
PDVSA 2000 2008140 2008 70 10 2007 BP 2008 21 Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. PDVSA PDVSA 2008 PDVSA 1990 1 1960 70 2001 Vol.25 No.2 55 56 14 PDVSA 2003 : 4 vs vs 1990PDVSA 1999 PDVSA OPEC 2006 2008 OPEC
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