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1 13ヲーヲチヲヘヲナヲヒヲヒ0ヒ6ヲヘヲノヲマ ヲイヲヤヲヘ0ヒ5ヲトヲムヲノヲマ ヲ ヲナヲリヲムヲテヲノヲハ0ヒ60ヒ9 ヲャヲヌヲヨヲチヲヘヲノヲハ0ヒ60ヒ9 ヲーヲ ヲアヲゥヲ ヲ ヲォヲォヲッヲュ

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3 : , Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Milj03vej Bld 113, DK- 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, 1 7 panak@env.dtu.dk , , : , , , FOAMING IN BIOGAS PLANTS: CAUSES AND SOLUTIONS P. Kougias 1 7, I. Angelidaki Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Milj03vej Bld 113, DK- 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, 1 7 panak@env.dtu.dk Abstract Foaming is one of the major problems occasionally occurring in biogas plants, affecting negatively the whole process of anaerobic digestion. The present study is a collective synopsis of the results derived from the previous extensive research of the authors. The aim of the research was the determination of potential causes for foaming and the investigation of solutions for foam suppression using chemical antifoams. The results showed that the organic loading rate has a significant impact on foam formation and it was proven that the natural oils and fatty acids are efficient compounds for foam suppression. Key words: Biogas, Foam formation, Anaerobic digestion, Methane ーヲェヲチヲノヲヘヲマヲモヲマヲフ0ヒ7ヲチ ヲハヲチヲノ ヲュ0ヒ5ヲナ0ヒ9 ヲウヲナヲヨヲヘヲマヲヒヲマヲテ0ヒ7ヲナ0ヒ9 ヲメヲモヲヌ ヲ ヲナヲリヲムヲテヲノヲハ0ヒ6 ヲャヲヌヲヨヲチヲヘヲノヲハ0ヒ6 ヲハヲチヲノ ヲモヲヌ ヲ ヲノヲチヲヨヲナ0ヒ7ヲムヲノヲメヲヌ ヲオヲヤヲメヲノヲハ0フ4ヲヘ ヲー0フ2ヲムヲリヲヘ ア ヲィヲナヲメヲメヲチヲヒヲマヲヘ0ヒ7ヲハヲヌ 8-9 ヲッヲハヲモヲリヲツヲム0ヒ7ヲマヲヤ

4 , , , , (Ganidi et al., 2009) (Nielsen and Angelidaki, 2008) , , , , % (Kougias et al., 2014a) , , (Barjenbruch et al., 2000; Barber, 2005) , , Ross and Ellis (1992) , Krangelund (2010) Actinobacteria Mycolata Microthrix parvicella , Guo and Zhang (2012) Nostocoida limicola I II, Mycobacterium fortuitum M. parvicella , Dalmau (2010) , , ,

5 : 1 7) ( ), 1 7) ( ) ) ( ) ( ) , (5 mm) 紊 紊 ( ) * ** * ** *** (TS), g/l 55.1 タ タ タ (VS), g/l 43.3 タ タ タ 0.4 ph 7.05 タ タ タ , g/l 5.44 タ タ タ 0.53 (Kougias et al., 2013) (Kougias et al., 2014b) *** (Kougias et al., 2015) (Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors, CSTR) L ( L) タ1 紊 (Angelidaki et al., 1992) , ヲーヲナヲムヲノヲツ0ヒ4ヲヒヲヒヲマヲヘ 575

6 APHA (2005) ph PHM phc3105ィc (Mikrolab, Aarhus A/S, Denmark), (Thermal Conductivity Detector, TCD) (Shimadzu GC-2010, Kyoto, Japan), (Flame Ionisation Detector, FID) ( ) CSTR , ( ), ( ) ( ) (Boe et al., 2012) (Kougias et al., 2013) ( ) , , , g VS1 7/1 7(L ヲ ) ( ) , g VS1 7/1 7(L ヲ ), ( IV), ,

7 ( ) CSTR ( , , , ) ( ) , % 1 7/ (Kougias et al., 2014b) , , % ( ) , , ヲーヲナヲムヲノヲツ0ヒ4ヲヒヲヒヲマヲヘ 577

8 ( ) ( ) CSTR , , (Kougias et al., 2015) % % , % % , , , , , , , , , , Angelidaki, I., Ellegaard, L. and Ahring, B., Compact automated displacement gas metering system for measurement of low gas rates from laboratory fermentors. Biotechnology and bioengineering, 39 (3), Barber, W., Anaerobic digester foaming: Causes and solutions. Water 21, (FEB.),

9 13Barjenbruch, M., Hoffmann, H., Kopplow, O. and Traenckner, J., Minimizing of foaming in digesters by pre-treatment of the surplus-sludge. Water Science and Technology, 42 (9), Boe, K., Kougias, P.G., Pacheco, F., O-Thong, S. and Angelidaki, I., Effect of substrates and intermediate compounds on foaming in manure digestion systems. Water Science and Technology, 66 (10), Dalmau, J., Comas, J., Rodrィェguez-Roda, I., Pagilla, K. and Steyer, J.-P., Model development and simulation for predicting risk of foaming in anaerobic digestion systems. Bioresource technology, 101 (12), Ganidi, N., Tyrrel, S. and Cartmell, E., Anaerobic digestion foaming causesィca review. Bioresource technology, 100 (23), Guo, F. and Zhang, T., Profiling bulking and foaming bacteria in activated sludge by high throughput sequencing. Water research, 46 (8), Kougias, P.G., Boe, K. and Angelidaki, I., Effect of organic loading rate and feedstock composition on foaming in manure-based biogas reactors. Bioresource technology, 144, 1-7. Kougias, P.G., Boe, K., Tsapekos, P. and Angelidaki, I., 2014b. Foam suppression in overloaded manure-based biogas reactors using antifoaming agents. Bioresource technology, 153, Kougias, P.G., Boe, K., Einarsdottir, E. and Angelidaki, I., Counteracting foaming caused by lipids or proteins in biogas reactors using rapeseed oil or oleic acid as antifoaming agents. Water research, 79, Kougias, P.G., Boe, K., O-Thong, S., Kristensen, L. and Angelidaki, I., 2014a. Anaerobic digestion foaming in full-scale biogas plants: a survey on causes and solutions. Water Science and Technology, 69, Kragelund, C., Nilsson, B., Eskilsson, K., Bogh, A. and Nielsen, P., Full-scale control of Mycolata foam by FEX-120 addition. Water Science and Technology, 61 (10), Nielsen, H.B. and Angelidaki, I., Strategies for optimizing recovery of the biogas process following ammonia inhibition. Bioresource technology, 99 (17), Ross, R.D. and Ellis, L.-A.M., Laboratory-Scale Investigation of Foaming in Anaerobic Digesters. Water Environment Research, 64 (2), ヲーヲナヲムヲノヲツ0ヒ4ヲヒヲヒヲマヲヘ 579

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11 13EX-SITU , Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Milj03vej Bld 113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, 1 7 panak@env.dtu.dk , , : , , EX-SITU BIOGAS UPGRADING BY ADDITION OF HYDROGEN IN ANAEROBIC DIGESTERS P. Kougias 1 7, I. Angelidaki Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, Milj03vej Bld 113, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, 1 7 panak@env.dtu.dk Abstract The current study presents an innovative process in which hydrogen that is produced by water electrolysis, using excess electricity from wind turbines or solar panels will be coupled with carbon dioxide and biologically converted to methane. The results showed that the concentration of methane in the biogas increased significantly after the hydrogen injection. Molecular analysis revealed distinct differences both in the microbial composition and abundance of microorganisms after the injection of hydrogen. Key words: Biogas upgrading, Hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, Methane ーヲェヲチヲノヲヘヲマヲモヲマヲフ0ヒ7ヲチ ヲハヲチヲノ ヲュ0ヒ5ヲナ0ヒ9 ヲウヲナヲヨヲヘヲマヲヒヲマヲテ0ヒ7ヲナ0ヒ9 ヲメヲモヲヌ ヲ ヲナヲリヲムヲテヲノヲハ0ヒ6 ヲャヲヌヲヨヲチヲヘヲノヲハ0ヒ6 ヲハヲチヲノ ヲモヲヌ ヲ ヲノヲチヲヨヲナ0ヒ7ヲムヲノヲメヲヌ ヲオヲヤヲメヲノヲハ0フ4ヲヘ ヲー0フ2ヲムヲリヲヘ ア ヲィヲナヲメヲメヲチヲヒヲマヲヘ0ヒ7ヲハヲヌ 8-9 ヲッヲハヲモヲリヲツヲム0ヒ7ヲマヲヤ

12 ( ) % , , , ( %) ( %) , , %, (Ryckebosch et al., 2011) , , ( ) , (1 7 2 ) , , (Granovskii et al., 2006) , , : 4 0 H2 +CO2 1 7 CH4 +2H2O 1 7G = KJ/mol (1) (Luo and Angelidaki, 2013a) , , , , , , , , , ph , , , (Guiot et al., 582

EGME 9o proceedings.pdf

EGME 9o proceedings.pdf 13ヲーヲチヲヘヲナヲヒヲヒ0ヒ6ヲヘヲノヲマ ヲイヲヤヲヘ0ヒ5ヲトヲムヲノヲマ ヲ ヲナヲリヲムヲテヲノヲハ0ヒ60ヒ9 ヲャヲヌヲヨヲチヲヘヲノヲハ0ヒ60ヒ9 ヲ 6メ2ヲ ヲオヲゥヲェヲッヲゥ ヲーヲッヲアヲッヲゥ 13 131 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 7 1 71 71 71 71 71 7, 1 71 71 71 71 71 71 71 7, 1 71 71

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