園田学園論文集 45号(よこ)☆/10.出口

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1 Summary : Changes in gene expression in adipocytes are considered to be involved in adipocyte growth and differentiation. Hyperlipidemia with atherosclerosis shows several evidences of importance of aberrant growth and differentiation of adipocytes. In this study, coordinate expression of transcription factor genes related to cell growth and differentiation was studied in adipogenesis of hyperlipidemia with atherosclerosis. Key words : adipocyte, transcription factor, differentiation, adipogenesis of hyperlipidemia with atherosclerosis ,220

2 PPARγ C/EBPα C/EBPβ C/EBPδ TFAP 2 β AP 2 β Foxo 1 GLUT 4 transacting factor Homeobox family genes 2 C/EBP PPARγ 4 6 3T3-L1 C/EBPβ δ PPARγ C/EBPα PPARγ C/EBPα C/EBRα PPARγ C/EBPβ C/EBPδ PPARγ C/EBPα C/EBPβ C/EBPδ C/EBPα PPARγ C/EBPβ C/EBPδ PPARγ C/EBPα C/EBPβ C/EBPδ C/EBPβ C/EBPδ PPARγ C/EBPα PPARγ TFAP 2 B

3 AP-2 β AP 2 C DNA 2 N TFAP 2 B TFAP 2 B 7 TRAP 2 2 Foxo 1 Foxo 1 GLUT 4 GLUT 4 ASE 3 homeobox homeodomain C DNA DNA HOX hox cluster pattern formation

4 HOX Hox HOX Hox diverge POU-homeodomain HOX Hox 30 HOX Hox immunoglobulin promoter/enhancer octamer motif Oct-2 B B POU-homeodomain Pit HLX hlx HLX hlx 9 chromosomal loci 1 HOX HOX Hox 4 HLH DNA Oct 1 11 Pit-1 unc-86 Unc POU ATTGCAT- Oct-1 Oct-2 T Oct-1 Oct-2 Oct-2 T Oct-2 B T T rearrangement Oct-2 Oct-2

5 22 Oct-2 DNA DNA Oct-1 5 VP 16 DNA Oct-1 RNA 23 2 DNA Ant En Dfx DNA DNA affinity En Ftz En Ftz 5 DNA Ftz En En Ftz En Ubx Flz En En 5 Ftz Prd Zen Zen 2 Eve En Hox DNA -ATTA-motif 28 Hox

6 Hox 2.5 Hox 2.4 N-CAM 29 Evx-1 Eve c-fos/ap-1 30 Hox 3.1 β - 31 Hox3D DNA 32 DNA Specific Pathogen Free P. Chomczynski N. Sacchi RNA RNA RT reverse transcription cdna PCR polymerase chain reaction 33 PCR HOX MSX Non-HOX actin HPRT RT Applied Biosystems : High Capacity cdna Reverse Transcription Kit 10 Reverse Transcription Buffer 2 μl 25 dntps 0.8 μl 10 Random Primers 2 μl RNase Inhibitor 1 μl Nuclease-free H2O 3.2 μl Sample TotalRNA 10 μl Reverse Transcriptase 50 U/μl 1 μl 20 μl PCR 10 Buffer for Blend Taq 5 μl 2 mmdntps5μl Nuclease-free H2O 37.5 μl Primers 1 μl cdna 1 μl Blend Taq 2.5 U/μl 0.5 μl 50 μl Preparation 94 2

7 2 gene visceral subcutaneous testicular gene visceral subcutaneous testicular Hoxa 1 Hoxd 1 Hoxa 2 Hoxd 3 Hoxa 3 Hoxd 4 Hoxa 4 Hoxd 8 Hoxa 5 Hoxd 9 Hoxa 6 Hoxd 10 Hoxa 7 Hoxd 11 Hoxa 9 Hoxd 12 Hoxa 10 Hoxd 13 Hoxa 11 γ HOX Hoxa 13 MSX 1 Hoxb 1 MSX 2 Hoxb 2 Pdx 1 Hoxb 3 Cdx 2 Hoxb 4 Gbx 2 Hoxb 5 Nkx 6.1 Hoxb 6 Nkx 6.2 Hoxb 7 Nkx 2.2 Hoxb 8 Pax 6 Hoxb 9 Pax 4 Hoxb 13 Isl 1 Hoxc 4 Hlxb 9 Hoxc 5 Brain 4 Hoxc 6 Glut 2 Hoxc 8 Hlx Hoxc 9 c-myc Hoxc 10 c-jun Hoxc 11 jun-b Hoxc 12 CXCR 4 Hoxc 13 cyclind 1 1 Denaturation Annealing Extension 72 1 actin HPRT 2 Hoxa 1 Hoxa 4 Hoxa 5 Hoxa 7 Hoxb 1 Hoxb 2 Hoxb 5 Hoxb 6 Hoxb 7 Hoxc 5 Hoxc 11 Hoxc 13 Hlxb 9 Hlx Hoxa 4 Hoxa 7 Hoxc 11

8 3 Mouse Adipose tissues Gene Hoxa 1 Hoxa 4 Hoxa 5 Hoxa 7 Hoxb 1 Hoxb 2 Hoxb 5 Hoxb 6 Hoxb 7 Hoxc 5 Hoxc 11 Hoxc 13 Hlxb 9 HLX Hoxa 1 Roles in Growth & Differentiation Expressed along the entire length of the primitive streak Expressed during development of the prepuberal testis Expressed during embryogenensis and in adult kidney Specific genes during keratinocyte proliferation Role in neural crest development into glia of the peripheral nervous system Role in controlling neurogenesis and neuronal differentiation Involved in lung and gut development Repress Globin mrna Associated with some cases of melanoma and ovarian carcinoma Role in the genesis of anaplastic large-t-cell lymphomas Binds to a promoter element of the lactase phlorizin hydrolase Involved in the control of hair keratin gene expression Involved in pancreas development and function Expressed within specific hematopoietic lineages Expressed along the entire length of the primitive streak 3 6 3T3-L T3-L1 FBS Day 0 Day 2 IBMX Day 2 Day 8 34 AP 2 2 TTR -γ Fas AP 2 Fas Day

9 0 Day 2 Day 4 TTR-γ Day 0 Day 8 3 T3-L1 Day 4 Day 0 Day 4 Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 8 RNA 4 Hoxb 1 Hoxb 5 Hoxb 9 Hoxd 1 Hoxd 3 Hoxd 8 Hoxb 1 Day 0 Day 2 Hoxb 5 Hoxb 9 Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 8 Hoxd 1 Day 0 4 gene Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 8 gene Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 8 Hoxa 1 Hoxd 1 Hoxa 2 Hoxd 3 Hoxa 3 Hoxd 4 Hoxa 4 Hoxd 8 Hoxa 5 Hoxd 9 Hoxa 6 Hoxd 10 Hoxa 7 Hoxd 11 Hoxa 9 Hoxd 12 Hoxa 10 Hoxd 13 Hoxa 11 γ HOX Hoxa 13 MSX 1 Hoxb 1 MSX 2 Hoxb 2 Pdx 1 Hoxb 3 Cdx 2 Hoxb 4 Gbx 2 Hoxb 5 Nkx 6.1 Hoxb 6 Nkx 6.2 Hoxb 7 Nkx 2.2 Hoxb 8 Pax 6 Hoxb 9 Pax 4 Hoxb 13 Isl 1 Hoxc 4 Hlxb 9 Hoxc 5 Brain 4 Hoxc 6 Glut 2 Hoxc 8 Hlx Hoxc 9 c-myc Hoxc 10 c-jun Hoxc 11 jun-b Hoxc 12 CXCR 4 Hoxc 13 cyclind 1

10 5 Adipocyte differentiation 3T3-L1 Gene Hoxb 1 Hoxb 5 Hoxb 9 Hoxd 1 Hoxd 3 Hoxd 8 Roles in Growth & Differentiation Role in neural crest development into glias of the peripheral nervous system Involved in lung and gut development Expressed in the embryonic and adult spinal cord Expressed in presumed trunk neural crest and the dermatome Detected in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia, first cervical vertebra, thyroid gland, kidney tubules, esophagus, stomach and intestines Associated with severe limb and genital abnormalities/role in adult urogenital tract function Day 2 Hoxd 8 Hoxd 1 2 Hoxd 3 Day 0 Day 4 Day T3-L1 3T3-L1 Day 8 cdna Hoxa 4 Hoxa T3-L KOR B 6.KOR-Apoeshl KOR

11 LDL- ApoE KOR Apo E congenic mouse E KOR mg/dl mg gene Visceral Adipose Tissues aged 3 weeks aged 26 weeks Visceral Adipose Tissues aged 3 weeks aged 26 weeks 6 gene Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues aged 3 weeks aged 26 weeks Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues aged 3 weeks aged 26 weeks Hoxa 1 Hoxd 1 Hoxa 2 Hoxd 3 Hoxa 3 Hoxd 4 Hoxa 4 Hoxd 8 Hoxa 5 Hoxd 9 Hoxa 6 Hoxd 10 Hoxa 7 Hoxd 11 Hoxa 9 Hoxd 12 Hoxa 10 Hoxd 13 Hoxa 11 γ HOX Hoxa 13 MSX 1 Hoxb 1 MSX 2 Hoxb 2 Pdx 1 Hoxb 3 Cdx 2 Hoxb 4 Gbx 2 Hoxb 5 Nkx 6.1 Hoxb 6 Nkx 6.2 Hoxb 7 Nkx 2.2 Hoxb 8 Pax 6 Hoxb 9 Pax 4 Hoxb 13 Isl 1 Hoxc 4 Hlxb 9 Hoxc 5 Brain 4 Hoxc 6 Glut 2 Hoxc 8 Hlx Hoxc 9 c-myc Hoxc 10 c-jun Hoxc 11 jun-b Hoxc 12 CXCR 4 Hoxc 13 cyclind 1

12 /dl 100 mg/dl 3 26 KOR KOR 3 KOR KOR Hoxa 2 Hoxa 9 Hoxb 1 Hoxb 6 Hoxb 9 Hoxc 11 Hoxd 1 γ HOX CXCR Hoxb 7 Hoxc 6 Hoxc 8 Hoxc 9 Hoxc 10 Hoxc 13 Hoxd 10 Hoxd 12 Gbx 2 Nkx 6.2 Hlx Hoxa 1 Hoxa 3 Hoxa 5 Hoxb 13 Hoxc 5 Hoxd 3 Hoxd 13 MSX 1 Cdx 2 Nkx 6.1 Nkx 2.2 c-jun 8 KOR 3 26 KOR Hoxa 2 Hoxa 3 Hoxb 9 Hoxb 13 Hoxd 13 Hoxa 3 Hoxb 7 Hoxb 13 Hoxc 9 Hoxd 10 Hoxd 12 Hoxd 13 3T3-L1 Day 4 26 KOR Day 0 Day 2 Day 4 Day 8 26 KOR Hoxb 9 3 T3-L1 Day 0 down-regulation Day 2 Day 4 Day 8 KOR

13 7 Characteristics of differential profiles of homeobox genes Gene Hoxa 2 Hoxa 9 Hoxb 1 Hoxb 6 Hoxb 9 Hoxc 11 Hoxd 1 Roles in Growth & Differentiation The encoded protein may be involved in the placement of hindbrain segments in the proper location along the anterior-posterior axis during development Highly similar to the abdominal-b Abd-B gene of Drosophila A specific translocation event which causes a fusion between this gene and the NUP 98 gene has been associated with myeloid leukemogenesis Role in neural crest development into glia of the peripheral nervous system Involved in development of lung and skin Localized to both the nucleus and cytoplasm. Increased expression of this gene is associated with some cases of leukemia, prostate cancer and lung cancer Play a role in early intestinal development The product of this gene binds to a promoter element of the lactase-phlorizin hydrolase Involved in the transcriptional regulation of key eukaryotic developmental processes Hoxb Hoxb KOR RNA 33 control DIO UCP 1 PAI-1 TNF-α

14 Visceral Adipose Tissue 8 Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue gene Hypothalamus DIO Control DIO Control DIO Control Hoxa 4 Hoxa 7 Hoxa 9 Hoxa 10 Hoxa 11 Hoxa 13 Hoxb 5 Hoxb 9 Hoxb 13 Hoxc 6 Hoxc 8 Hoxc 11 Hoxd 1 Hoxd 3 Hoxd 4 Hoxd 10 Hoxd 13 Cdx 1 c-jun Brown Adipose Tissue 8 9 Hoxa 10 Hoxa 13 2 Hoxa 13 9 gene Gastrocnemius Soleus DIO Control DIO Control Hoxa 4 Hoxa 7 Hoxa 9 Hoxa 10 Hoxa 11 Hoxa 13 Hoxb 5 Hoxb 9 Hoxb 13 Hoxc 6 Hoxc 8 Hoxc 11 Hoxd 1 Hoxd 3 Hoxd 4 Hoxd 10 Hoxd 13 Cdx 1 c-jun

15 Hoxa 10 Hoxd 13 BAT Hoxb 9 c-jun 9 Hoxa 10 Hoxa 11 Hoxa 13 Hoxb 9 Hoxd PPARγ C/ EBP submitted in publication coordinate expression 8

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17 Beachy, P. A., Krasnow, M. A., Gavis, E. R. and Hogness, D. S., Cell, 55, , Cohen, S. M., Brunner, G., Kuttner, F., Jurgens, G. and Jackle, H., Nature, 38, , Jaynes, J. B. and O Farrel, P. H., Nature, 336, , Han, K. H., Levine, M. S., and Manley, J. L., Cell, 56, , Schhier, A. F. and Gehring, W. J., Nature, 356, , Jones,F.S.,Prediger,E.A.,Bittner,D.A.,DeRobertis,E.M.andEdelman,G.M.,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci. USA., 89, , Jones, F. S., Chalepakis, G., Gruss, P. and Edelman, G. M., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 89, , Violette, S. M., Shashikant, C. S., Salbaum, J. M., Belting, H. G., Wang, J. C. H. and Ruddle, F. H., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 89, , Arcioni, L., Simeone, A., Guazzi, S., Zappavigna, V., Boncinelli, E. and Mavilio, F., EMBO J., 11, , Guo, X. and Liao, K., Gene, 251, 45 53, Tamori, Y., Kawanishi, M., Niki, T., Shinoda, H., Araki, S., Okazawa, H., Kasuga, M., J. Biol. Chem., 273, , Deguchi, Y., et al. In press. Deguchi, Y., et al. In press. Nadler, S. T., Stoehr, J. P., Schueler, K. L. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 97, , 2000.

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