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2 sampling bias Social Desirability Bias: SDB SDB : SDB sensitive questions SDB

3 N SDB A A A SDB SDB SDB N qualitative comparative analysis Goetz and Mahoney

4 SDB SDB Selb and Munzert 2013 SDB SDB SDB list experiment JABISS. DK.. JABISS ICPSR HP URL: edu / icpsrweb / ICPSR / studies / 4682 SDB

5 Computer Assisted Self-Administered Interview CASI SDB CASI PAPI SDB CASI CASI SDB SDB SDB Holbrook and Krosnick 2010a, 2010b; Persson and Solevid 2014 Wolter and Laier 2014 SDB

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9 Krumpal et al Blair and Imai 2012 SDB SDB Krumpal et al Randomized Response Technique RRT Coutts and Jann 2011 Imai, Park and Greene 2015; Gonzalez-Ocantos et al Rosenfeld, Imai and Shapiro forthcoming SDB SDB

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15 SDB carry over effect Ottati et al Krumpal et al

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21 ..... HP / senkyo / cmsfiles / contents / / / shukei.pdf

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24 pp. 114 pp CASI Item Count pp Social Desirability Bias full-scale CASI pp pp Satisfice pp. 112 pp pp Blair, Graeme and Kosuke Imai 2012 Statistical Analysis of List Experiments. Political Analysis, Vol. 20, No. 1, pp Coutts, Elisabeth and Ben Jann 2011 Sensitive Questions in Online Surveys: Experimental Results for the Randomized Response Technique RRT and the Unmatched Count Technique UCT. Sociological Methods Research, Vol. 40, No. 1, pp Dunning, Thad 2012 Natural Experiments in the Social Sciences: A Design- Based Approach. Cambridge University Press. Goertz, Gary and James Mahoney 2012 A Tale of Two Cultures: Qualitative and Quantitative Research in the Social Sciences. Princeton: Princeton University Press

25 GonzalezOcantos, Ezequiel et al Vote Buying and Social Desirability Bias: Experimental Evidence from Nicaragua. American Journal of Political Science, Vol. 56, Issue 1, pp Holbrook, Allyson L. and Jon A. Krosnick 2010a Social Desirability Bias in Voter Turnout Reports: Tests using the Item Count Technique. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 74, Issue 1, pp b Measuring Voter Turnout By Using The Randomized Response Technique: Evidence Calling Into Question The Method s Validity. Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 74, Issue 2, pp Imai, Kosuke, Bethany Park and Kenneth Greene 2015 Using the Predicted Responses from List Experiments as Explanatory Variables in Regression Models. Political Analysis, Vol. 23, No. 2, pp Krumpal, Ivar et al Asking Sensitive Questions: A Critical Account of the Randomized Response Technique and Related Methods. Uwe Engel, Ben Jann, Peter Lynn, Annette Acherpenzeel and Patrick Sturgis eds. Improving Survey Method: Lessons from Recent Research. London: Routledge, pp Ottati, V. C. et al Cognitive and Affective Bases of Opinion Survey Responses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Vol. 57, No. 3, pp Rosenfeld, Bryn, Kosuke Imai and Jacob Shapiro forthcoming An Empirical Validation Study of Popular Survey Methodologies for Sensitive Questions. American Journal of Political Science Online ver. imai.princeton.edu / research / files / validate.pdf Persson, Mikael J. and Maria Solevid 2014 Measuring Political Participation: Testing Social Desirability Bias in a Web-Survey Experiment. International Journal of Public Opinion Research, Vol. 26, Issue 1, pp Selb, Peter and Simon Munzert 2013 Voter Overrepresentation, Vote Misreporting, and Turnout Bias in Postelection Surveys. Electoral Studies, Vol. 32, Issue 1, pp Wolter, Felix and Bastian Laier 2014 The Effectiveness of the Item Count Technique in Eliciting Valid Answers to Sensitive Questions. An Evaluation in the Context of Self-Reported Delinquency. Survey Research Methods, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp

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27 Social Desirability Bias and Voting Turnout: A Trial to Reduce Social Desirability Bias Using List Experiment in Japan Masahiro ZENKYO One of the problems of social surveys on political behavior is the overreporting of voting behavior. The rates of survey reported turnout are almost lower than the estimated rates in the surveys. While this problem, to a certain extent, is caused by sampling bias, a recent studies have revealed that Social Desirability Bias SDBthe tendency of respondents to answer questions in a manner that will be favored by othersalso matters. Many survey experiments such as Randomized Response Techniques have been devised, and many studies have tested the validity of these experimental designs. However, Japanese political scientists rarely conduct survey experiments to reduce SDB. Therefore, using a case of Japanese local election, this study examines the validity of list experiment to reduce SDB in voting turnout report. The findings of this study are as follows: 1 the difference in true turnout rates while using the list experiment is smaller than those while using conventional direct questions; 2 the result of analysis about the relation between gender and voting turnout by list experiment is more appropriate than those under direct questions. Although voting rates of women are higher than those of men, its inverse is shown in the result using direct questions

A5 PDF.pwd

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