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1 ICISS 1945

2 (Implementing the Responsibility to Protect 2009) Thomas Weiss (Weiss and Thakur 2010: 55) (Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations during the 1994 Genocide in

3 Rwanda, 16 Dec. 1999) NATO (ABA-CEELI/AAAS-SHRP 1999) (U.S. Department of State Daily Press Briefing, 19 April 1999) (Amnesty International 2009) AU (UN SC 5872 nd meeting, 22 April 2008) Human Rights Data Analysis Group (HRDAG 1999) A More Secure World

5 (UNDP 1990: 9) 2000: 3

6 (priority objective) (legitimate concern) In Larger Freedom

9 A More Secure World (Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change 2004: para. 87) (UNGA63 rd session, 23 July 2009: 17)

10 Uppsala Conflict Data Program

11 (Individual Sovereignty) (Sovereignty as Responsibility) Kofi Annan Annan Two Concepts of Sovereignty (UN GA54 th session, 20 Sep. 1999: 1-4) Annan

12 Annan (license to kill) (Weiss and Thakur 2010: 310) Francis M. Deng Deng

13 Deng Deng Deng (NATO) (UN SC 3988 th meeting, 24 March 1999: 5) NATO (humanitarian

14 disaster) (UN SC 3988 th meeting, 24 March 1999: 2) (UN SC 3988 th meeting, 24 March 1999: 13) NATO Adam Roberts (Weiss 2007: 5) Ian Brownlie (Brownlie 2010: 217)

15 (Weiss 2007: 32) 2001a: 12 (Weiss 2007: 35)

16 (b) (international custom, as evidence of a general practice accepted as law)

17 (opinio juris) Alex J. Bellamy (Bellamy and Wheeler 2008: 526)

18 (Chesterman 2001: 49; Brownlie 2002: 266) (Chesterman 2001: 49) (Chesterman 2001: 49) (Chesterman 2001: 49; Brownlie 2002: 266) 2001b: 32 Brownlie (Brownlie 2010: 218) Chesterman (Chesterman 2001: 50)

20 NATO NATO NATO AU NATO (AMIS) (Segell 2008: 11-18) (treat like cases alike) NATO Annan

21 (UNGA54 th session, 20 Sep. 1999: 1-4)

22 We the Peoples Annan

23 Annan Jean Chretien (International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty-ICISS) (UNGA55 th session, 7 Sep. 2000: Lloyd Axworthy ICISS Gareth Evans Mohamed Sahnoun Lloyd Axworthy Thomas Weiss Stanlake Samkange ICISS vs. ICISS new type intervention ICISS NGO Responsibility to Protect ICISS (ICISS 2001: para. 2.1)

24 (ICISS 2001: para. 2.2) ICISS new type intervention ICISS new type intervention (ICISS 2001: para. 2.4) new type intervention

25 ICISS (ICISS 2001: para. 2.4)ICISS (ICISS 2001: para. 2.28) (UN SC 6810 th meeting, 19 July 2012) (ICISS 2001: para. 2.28) (Exit Strategy) NATO

26 new type intervention Two Concepts of Sovereignty Annan ICISS (dual responsibility)(iciss 2001: para. 1.35) ICISS ICISS Deng (ICISS 2001: para ) (Sovereignty as Control)

27 ICISS (ICISS 2001: para. 2.15) (ICISS 2001: para. 2.15) (ICISS 2001: para ) (ICISS 2001: para ) ICISS

28 ICISS (ICISS 2001: para ) ICISS (ICISS 2001: para. 2.25) (ECOWAS) NATO ICISS (ICISS 2001: para. 2.26) ICISS new type intervention (ICISS 2001: para. 2.24, 2.29) (ICISS 2001: SYNOPSIS)

29 ICISS Hersch Lauterpacht Hugo Grotius De jure belli ac pacis (On the Law of War and Peace) (Lauterpacht 1946: 46)Grotius (Lauterpacht 1946: 46) Lauterpacht Grotius (Lauterpacht 1946: 46) Implementing the Responsibility to Protect (UNGA63 rd session, 23 July 2009: 17) (g) (h)

31 The Role of Regional and Subregional Arrangement in Implementing the Responsibility to Protect (Ban 2011: para. 8) ASEAN

32 (OAU) (UNAMIR)

33 cf. Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda. NATO NATO cf. Report of the Independent International Commission on Kosovo The Kosovo Report. (ICC cf. International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance. ICC (i) cf. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.

34 cf. Report of the High-level Mission on the Situation of Human Rights in Darfur. Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, 2 Dec Annan (1986b) (1986a) (2006) (2004) (2010) UNDP (1990) (2000) Basic Human Needs (BHN) ILO ILO BHN

35 BHN cf. ILO (1976); (1997); Jolly, Emmerij and Weiss (2009), pp cf. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action; GA Res. 48/121; (1997). Annan (2005). Evans (2008) mass atrocity A More Secure World cf. (2003)supra note 6, Synopsis. Jacobs and Farrell (2001) humanitarian intervention (2001) Uppsala Conflict Data Program

36 UN GA Res (XX); UN GA Res. 36/103. Annan (1999). Francis M. Deng Deng et al. (1996). Adam Roberts Ian Brownlie cf. (2001a) (2001a); Chesterman (2001); Brownlie (2002); Weiss (2007); Bass (2008) Bellamy and Wheeler (2008) cf. Chesterman (2001), p. 49; Brownlie (2002), p UN GA Res (XXV). UN GA Res (XXIX). Bellamy and Wheeler (2008) Annan (2000). We the Peoples

37 cf. Weiss (2004), p ICISS ICISS cf. Supplementary Volume to the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Dec Gareth Evans APEC Mohamed Sahnoun OAU Thomas Weiss UN Intellectual History Project co director Stanlake Samkange Boutros Boutros-Ghali Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, Dec TPP TPP NATO, Declaration at the NATO Summit in Lisbon. cf. (2003) UN SC Res (1995) (2004) (2001)Levitt (1998) NATO, Press Release (1999) 040. AU, The Constitutive Act. Ban (2009). supra note 45. AU (g)

38 (h) AU 2005 World Summit Outcome. Ban (2010); Ban (2011); supra note 47. UN SC Res. 1970; UN SC Res ABA-CEELI/AAAS-SHRP (American Bar Association, Central and East European Law Initiative/ American Association for the Advancement of Science, Science and Human Rights Program) (1999), Political Killings in Kosovo/Kosova March-June 1999, Central and East European Law Initiative of the American Bar Association. (2004) (2008) Amnesty International (2009), Serbia: Burying the Past: Impunity for Enforced Disappearances and Abductions in Kosovo, Amnesty International Publications, 8 June Annan, K. (1999), Two Concepts of Sovereignty, The Economist, 18 Sep (2000), We the Peoples: the Role of the United Nations in the Twenty First Century, A/54/ 2000, 27 March (2005), In Larger Freedom: towards Development, Security and Human Rights for All, A/ 59/2005, 21 March Ban, Ki-moon (2009), Implementing the Responsibility to Protect, A/63/677, 12 Jan (2010), Early Warning, Assessment and the Responsibility to Protect, A/64/864, 14 July (2011), The Role of Regional and Subregional Arrangement in Implementing the Responsibility to Protect, A/65/877 S/2011/393, 28 June Bass, G. J. (2008), Freedom s Battle: The Origin of Humanitarian Intervention, Vintage Books. Bellamy, A. J. and N. J. Wheeler (2008), Humanitarian Intervention in World Politics, in Baylis, J. and S. Smith eds., The Globalization of World Politics: An Introduction to International Relations (4 th ed.), Oxford University Press, pp Brownlie, I. (2002), International Law and the Use of Force by States (Reprinted ed.), Oxford University Press. (2010), Humanitarian Intervention, in Moore, J. N. ed., Law and Civil War in the Modern World (Reprinted ed.), The Lawbook Exchange. Chesterman, S. (2001), Just War or Just Peace? Humanitarian Intervention and International Law, Oxford University Press. (2004) Deng, F. M. et al., (1996), Sovereignty as Responsibility: Conflict Management in Africa, Brookings Institution.

39 (1997) Evans, G. (2008), The Responsibility to Protect: Ending Mass Atrocity Crimes Once and for All, Brookings Institution. HRDAG (Human Rights Data Analysis Group) (2013), Updated Statistical Analysis of Documentation of Killings in the Syrian Arab Republic, Human Rights Data Analysis Group, commissioned by the United Nations Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights. ILO (International Labour Organization) (1976), Employment, Growth, and Basic Needs: A One- World Problem. Jacobs, G. M. and T. S. C. Farrell (2001), Paradigm Shift: Understanding and Implementing Change in Second Language Education, The Electronic Journal for English as a Second Language, vol. 5, no. 1, pp Jolly, R., L. Emmerij and T. G. Weiss (2009), UN Ideas that Changed the World, Indiana University Press. (2012) (2007) No. 674 (1997) (2000) Lauterpacht, H. (1946), The Grotian Tradition in International Law, in Lauterpacht H. ed., The British Year Book of International Law 1946, Oxford University Press, pp Levitt, J. (1998), Humanitarian Intervention by Regional Actors in Internal Conflicts: The Cases of ECOWAS in Liberia and Sierra Leone, The Temple International and Comparative Law Journal, vol. 12, no. 2, pp (2009) (2001a) (2001b) (2004) (ECOWAS) (1995) (2001) (2003) (1986a) (1986b)

40 (2006) (2001) Segell, G. (2008), The First NATO Mission to Africa: Darfur, Scientia Militaria: South African Journal of Military Studies, vol. 36, no. 2, pp (2010) (2002) (The Responsibility to Protect) UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (1990), Human Development Report 1990, Oxford University Press. Weiss, T. G. (2004), The Sunset of Humanitarian Intervention? The Responsibility to Protect in a Unipolar Era, Security Dialogue, vol. 35, no. 2, pp (2007), Humanitarian Intervention: Ideas in Action, Polity Press. Weiss, T. G. and R. Thakur (2010), Global Governance and the UN: An Unfinished Journey, Indiana University Press. Vienna Declaration and Programme of Action, A/CONF.157/23, 12 July The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, A/CONF.183/9, 17 July International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, A/RES.61/ 177, 20 Dec United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2131 (XX), Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention in the Domestic Affairs of States and the Protection of Their Independence and Sovereignty, A/RES/2131 (XX), 21 Dec United Nations General Assembly Resolution 2625 (XXV), Declaration on Principles of International Law concerning Friendly Relations and Co-operation among States in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations, A/RES/2625 (XXV), 24 Oct United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3314 (XXIX), Definition of Aggression, A/RES/3314 (XXIX), 14 Dec United Nations General Assembly Resolution 36/103, Declaration on the Inadmissibility of Intervention and Interference in the Internal Affairs of States, A/RES/36/103, 9 Dec United Nations General Assembly Resolution 48/121, A/RES/48/121, 20 Dec United Nations General Assembly Resolution, 2005 World Summit Outcome, A/RES/60/1, 24 Oct United Nations Security Council Resolution 794, S/RES/794, 3 Dec

41 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1970, S/RES/1970 (2011), 26 Feb United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, S/RES/1973 (2011), 17 March United Nations General Assembly 54 th session, A/54/PV.4, 20 Sep United Nations General Assembly 55 th session, A/55/PV.6, 7 Sep United Nations General Assembly 63 rd session, A/63/PV.97, 23 July United Nations Security Council 3988 th meeting, S/PV.3988, 24 March United Nations Security Council 5872 nd meeting, S/PV.5872, 22 April United Nations Security Council 6810 th meeting, S/PV.6810, 19 July United States of America, Department of State Daily Press Briefing, 19 April African Union, The Constitutive Act of the African Union, 11 July NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization), Press Statement by Dr. Javier Solana, Secretary-General of NATO, Press Release (1999) 040, 23 March NATO, Declaration by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and the Government of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan on an Enduring Partnership signed at the NATO Summit in Lisbon, 20 Nov Report of the Independent Inquiry into the Actions of the United Nations during the 1994 Genocide in Rwanda, S/1999/1257, 15 Dec Report of the Independent International Commission on Kosovo The Kosovo Report, 1 Oct Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect, International Development Research Centre, Dec Supplementary Volume to the Report of the International Commission on Intervention and State Sovereignty, The Responsibility to Protect: Research, Bibliography, Background, International Development Research Centre, Dec Report of the High-level Panel on Threats, Challenges and Change, A More Secure World: Our Shared Responsibility, A/59/565, 2 Dec Report of the High-level Mission on the Situation of Human Rights in Darfur, A/HRC/4/80, 9 March 2007.

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野口祐輔 ２９７‐３３７／２９７‐３３７

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