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1 pp. ISSN Big Five Stability and Change of Big Five Measurements by Affective Word Items between Two Waves at Half a Year Interval: Related Inter-individual, State-Trait Anxiety, Self-Esteem Kazuaki SHIMIZU and Rie YAMAMOTO Abstract Two kinds of scale for Big Five personality measurement were developed for this study. Adapting the traditional personality inventory wording to measure inter-individual differences, six items were described for each Big Five factors. The other set of 30 items was worded to measure the affective feeling paralleling the above inter-individual difference items. In the first wave of this longitudinal study, these two sets of Big Five scales and Self-Esteem Scale were used in a survey of 121 freshmen, and the same scales and STAI in 163 sophomores. After half a year, the same students (N=284) responded to the same two sets of Big Five scales and Self-Esteem Scale. Using parceling methodology for observation variables, simultaneous longitudinal factor analyses with structured mean for two groups of freshmen and sophomores were constructed for the two waves of the longitudinal dataset. The main findings of two independent modeling analyses for two sets of Big Five measures were as follows: (1) With regard to stability, the standardized path coefficients between corresponding factors at the two time periods ranged from.781 to.945 (inter-individual Big Five), from.763 to.933 (affective Big Five), and from.711 to.761 (self-esteem). (2) Changes of the factor score means in standardized form of affective Big Five were larger than the inter-individual changes. With regard to the means of self-esteem factors, there were no differences. (3) Only Neuroticism of the Big Five affected to the state anxiety and trait anxiety of STAI. (4) Trait anxiety of STAI affected to the selfesteem at the time of the first survey, but not the second. Finally, (5) the same factors of the Big Five affected to self-esteem in both surveys. The implications of these findings relating to the methodology for stability and change in personality development using the structural equation modeling are discussed. Key Words: stability and change, Big Five, affection, self-esteem, STAI, longitudinal factor analysis modeling, structured mean, parceling 抄録 Big Five Big Five Big Five STAI (N= ) Big Five Big Five. to. ( Big Five) to. ( Big Five). to. ( ) Big Five Big Five STAI STAI Big Five Big Five STAI

2 1. はじめに Kashiwagi YG, YG, ;, Big Five, Big Five SEM

3 Big Five Big Five SEM Big Five SEM Big Five inference action adequacy appropriateness Linn,, p.

4 Big Five Big Five Big Five SEM 2. 方法 調査参加者. SD.. SD. Big Five Big Five STAI EM SPSS 2. 2.Big Five 項目の作成 Big Five N E O A C, Gosling, Rentfrow, & Swann Kashiwagi Big Five

5 Big Five Big Five Table 1 個人間差 : 2 感情 : Table 1 Big Five 文章項目版の項目と小包の組み合わせ N1 間 NA 感 NA N2 間 NA 感 NA N3 間 NB 感 NB N4 間 NA 感 NA N5 間 NB 感 NB N6 間 NB 感 NB E1 間 EA 感 EA E2 R R 間 EA R 感 EA E3 間 EA 感 EA E4 R R 間 EB R 感 EB E5 間 EB 感 EB E6 R R 間 EB R 感 EB C1 間 CA 感 CA C2 R R 間 CB 感 CB C3 間 CB 感 CB C4 R R 間 CA 感 CA C5 間 CA 感 CA C6 R R 間 CB 感 CB A1 間 AA 感 AA A2 R R 間 AA 感 AA A3 間 AB 感 AB A4 間 AB 感 AB A5 R R 間 AB 感 AB A6 間 AA 感 AA O1 間 OA 感 OA O2 間 OB 感 OB O3 R R 間 OB R 感 OB O4 間 OA 感 OA O5 R R 間 OA 感 OA O6 間 OB 感 OB N E C A O R

6 2. 3. 状態 特性不安 : 新版 STAI-JYZ(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ) STAI-Y Spielberger, Form JYZ Form Y STAI-JYZ α 自尊感情尺度 Rosenberg self-esteem,

7 Big Five α 小包の構成 SEM Cattell parceling SEM Big Five 感情項目と個人間差項目の小包化 Big Five Table Big Five SEM SEM

8 Table 状態不安と特性不安尺度の小包化 STAI STAI a,b a, b STAI JYZ a b 自尊感情尺度の小包化 N STAI Table

9 Big Five Table 2 自尊感情尺度の探索的因子分析結果と小包 否定的表現項目 肯定的表現項目 R. SEg SEM R. SEh SEN R. SEi SEM R. SEj SEN R. SEk SEM. SEk SEN. SEj SEM. SEi SEN. SEh SEM. SEg SEN 3. 結果 尺度別の測定モデルの構築 SEM Amos Big Five 感情項目と個人間差項目のモデル化 Big Five Table Figure Figure Amos Figure EA EB

10 Figure 1 Big Five 個人間差の小包モデル ( 1 回目単純構造 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. EA EB Figure 2 Big Five 個人間差の小包モデル ( 1 回目パスを追加 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. RMSEA Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: Steiger & Lind,. Figure NA NA NB RMSEA. RMSEA. Marsh, Hau, & Grayson, Amos

11 Big Five Figure 3 Big Five 感情の小包モデル ( 1 回目単純構造 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. NA NB Figure 4 Big Five 感情の小包モデル ( 1 回目パスを追加 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. NA NB A B RMSEA. Figure RMSEA. Figure

12 Figure 5 Big Five 個人間差の縦断モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 太線 )) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure Figure Figure Figure

13 Big Five Figure 6 Big Five 感情の縦断モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 太線 )) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. RMSEA Figure Figure

14 状態 特性不安のモデル化 STAI RMSEA. P. TLI. CFI. Figure Figure 7 STAI モデル ( 2 年生のみ ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC= 自尊感情尺度のモデル化 Table SEg SEh SEi SEj SEk SEM SEN Figure Amos SEh SEk Figure Figure

15 Big Five Figure 8 自尊感情 ( 1 回目 ) の 5 小包モデル =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure 9 自尊感情 ( 1 回目 ) の 5 小包モデル ( 誤差間に共分散をおいた場合 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure10 自尊感情 ( 1 回目 ) の 2 小包モデル =. df= SE M SE N Figure11 自尊感情 ( 5 小包 ) の縦断モデル ( 強不変性 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure12 自尊感情 ( 5 小包 ) の縦断モデル ( 誤差間共分散をおいた場合強不変性 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=.

16 Figure13 自尊感情 ( 2 小包 ) の縦断モデル ( 強不変性 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure14 自尊感情 ( 2 小包 ) の縦断モデル ( 誤差間共分散をおいた場合強不変性 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure Figure Amos Figure Figure Figure Figure 複数尺度間のモデルの構築 Big Five STAI Big Five( 個人間差 感情 ) とSTAI Big Five STAI STAI Big Five

17 Big Five Figure15 Big Five 個人間差と STAI のモデル (Big Five の因子パターン不変性 ( 太線 )) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Big Five STAI STAI Big Five Figure

18 Figure16 Big Five 感情と STAI のモデル (Big Five の強不変性 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Big Five STAI STAI Figure Big Five( 個人間差 感情 ) と自尊感情 Big Five Big Five

19 Big Five Figure17 Big Five 個人間差と自尊感情の縦断モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 太線 )) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure Big Five

20 Figure18 Big Five 感情と自尊感情の縦断モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 太線 )) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Big Five Figure

21 Big Five Figure19 STAI と自尊感情のモデル ( 特性不安 自尊感情自尊感情の因子パターン不変性 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=. Figure20 STAI と自尊感情のモデル ( 自尊感情 特性不安自尊感情の因子パターン不変性 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. LO=. HI=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC= 自尊感情とSTAI STAI STAI STAI Figure Figure Big Five( 個人間差 感情 ) 自尊感情 STAI STAI Big Five Big Five STAI Big Five Big Five STAI Big Five Big Five Big Five

22 STAI.... Big Five STAI STAI Big Five STAI STAI Figure Figure STAI Figure Big Five Big Five Big Five STAI Big Five Big Five.. Big Five STAI STAI Big Five Figure STAI STAI Big Five Table RMSEA

23 Big Five Figure21 Big Five 個人間差 STAI 自尊感情の縦断での平均構造モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 細線 ) 非標準化推定値左 :1 年生右 :2 年生 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=.

24 Figure22 Big Five 感情 STAI 自尊感情の縦断での平均構造モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 太線 ) 非標準化推定値左 :1 年生右 :2 年生 ) =. df= P=. RMSEA=. TLI=. CFI=. AIC=.

25 Big Five Big Five Table Table Figure Big Five STAI Big Five Figure Big Five STAI Figure STAI Figure STAI Amos STAI Big Five Big Five STAI B Big Five Table RMSEA Big Five Table Table Figure Table Table Big Five STAI Big Five STAI Big Five Big Five STAI Big Five Big Five STAI

26 df P /df TLI CFI RMSEA AIC Table 3 2 回の調査機会での因子の平均の推定値 STAI ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ). ***. **. *** ). ****. ****. ****. **** ). * ) ) ) ). ** ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ). ***. ** ). *** ) Big Five STAI *p. **p. ***p. ****p. Table 4 Big Five( 個人間差 感情 ) STAI 自尊感情モデルの適合度 Big Five Table Big Five

27 Big Five Table 5 Big Five( 個人間差 ) STAI 自尊感情モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 細線 )) のパス係数の推定値... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... **... ***... ***... ***... n.s.... ***... ***... n.s.... **... ***... ***... ***... n.s.... * SE M.... SE N... ***... *** NA.... NB *** EA.... EB *** OA.... OB *** AA.... AB *** EB *** OA... n.s.... n.s. CA.... CB *** A B ***... *** A.. B... *** NA.... NB... ***... *** EA.... EB... ***... *** OA.... OB... ***... *** AA.... AB... ***... *** EB... ***... *** OA... n.s.... n.s. CA.... CB... ***... *** SE M.... SE N *** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... *** d d... *... ** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... *... *** d d... **... *** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... ***... *** d d... *** e NA... ***... *** d d... **... *** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... * d d... n.s.... ** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... * d d... n.s.... n.s. d *** d... n.s.... e NA e CA e CA... ***... *** e EA e EA... **... * e OA e OA... ***... *** e AB e AB... ***... * ese N ese N... ***... *** *p. **p. ***p.

28 Table 6 Big Five( 感情 ) STAI 自尊感情モデル ( 因子パターン不変性 ( 太線 )) のパス係数の推定値... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... ***... *... **... ***... n.s.... ***... ***... ***... ***... n.s.... **... ***... **... ***... *** A.. B... *** NA ***.... NB *** EA.... EB *** OB... n.s.... ** OA.... OB *** CB... n.s.... *** AA.... AB *** EB * OB... n.s.... n.s. CA.... CB *** SE M SE N... ***... *** A.. B... *** NA.... NB... ***... *** EA.... EB... ***... *** OB... n.s.... ** OA.... OB... ***... *** CB... n.s.... *** AA.... AB... ***... *** EB... ***... *** OB... n.s.... n.s. CA.... CB... ***... *** SE M d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... *... ** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... ** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d *** d d *** d d... n.s.... *** d *** d... *... * d d... *... *** SE N d d... *... *** d d... *** d d... n.s.... * d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... *... ** d d... ***... *** d d... n.s.... n.s. d d... n.s.... ** d d... **... *** d d... n.s.... *** e b d... *** e CA e CA... ***... *** e NB e NB... ***... *** e EB e EB... ***... *** e OB e OB... ***... *** e AA e AA... n.s.... *** ese M ese M... ***... *** *p. **p. ***p.

29 Big Five Big Five STAI P.. P.. P.. P.. P.. P.. P.. P.. P.. P.. P.. P. 4. 考察 Big Five SEM Big Five Big Five

30 Big Five Big Five POMS: Profile of Mood States STAI Big Five Big Five STAI STAI Big Five

31 Big Five Big Five STAI Big Five Big Five STAI SEM N

32 引用文献 Rosenberg,. Cattell, R. B. Validation and intensification of the Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 12,. FFPQ, 13,. Gosling, S. D., Rentfrow, P. J., & Swann, W. B., Jr. A very brief measure of the Big-Five personality domains. Journal of Research in Personality, 37,. Charles D. Spielberger STAI John, O. P., & Srivastava, S. The Big Five trait Taxonomy: History, measurement and theoretical perspectives. In L. A. Pervin, & O. P. John Eds., Handbook of personality:theory and research, nd ed pp New York: Guilford Press. Kashiwagi, S.. Japanese adjective list for the Big Five. In B. De Raad & M. Perugini Eds., Big Five assessment pp Göttingen: Hogrefe & Hubber Publishers. LEX, 76,. Linn, R. L. Ed.. Educational Measurement rd ed. Marsh, H.W., Hau, K.T., & Grayson, D.. Goodness of fit in structural equation models. In A. M. Olivares & J. J. McArdle Eds., Contemporary psychometrics: A festschrift for Roderick P. McDonald pp. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum., 11,. Rosenberg, M.. Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton NJ: Princeton University Press. a 28,. b SAS CALIS No..., , 38. Big Five STAI POMS.

33 Big Five Big Five STAI POMS 38.. Rosenberg wording 39 NEO PI R, NEO FFI. Steiger, J.H., & Lind, J.C. Statistically-based tests for the number of common factors. Paper presented at the Psychometrika Society Meeting, Iowa City Big Five Big Five 67. Big Five SEM. POMS 受稿

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