Spring 09 447 概要 2004 1 2 I はじめに 19 2007 1. 34 2006 1. 32 90 1 90 Galor and Weil 1996 1996 1999 90 Sleebos 2003 Apps and Rees 2004 Martínez and Iza 2004
448 Vol. 44 No. 4 2. 20 2. 00 1. 80 1. 60 1. 40 1. 20 1. 00 1985 1987 1989 1991 2008 図 1 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2000 1999 2003 20 2005 2006 2006 2006 Becker 2007 3 Becker 1965 2002 2006
Spring 09 449 II III IV II 夫の家事育児協力と出産行動 1 データ 2004 1 28 77 6, 302 15 49 n 1, 405 n 591 2 推定手法 2006 2 24 5 5 2 1 0 1 2 1 2
450 Vol. 44 No. 4 表 1 n 1405 5 2 2 0. 298 1. 224 0. 511 0. 500 36. 93 5. 34 4 1 4 2. 717 0. 721 1. 976 0. 749 0. 241 0. 428 0. 016 0. 012 3. 41 3. 38 0. 585 0. 493 n 591 1. 010 0. 830 0. 072 0. 350 10. 063 1. 917 0. 553 0. 450 6. 796 2. 457 Yes 5 2 2 0. 663 1. 338 Yes 5 2 2 0. 219 1. 491 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2004 図 2 3 主成分の抽出 2. 518
Spring 09 451 表 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 1. 000 2 0. 518 1. 000 3 0. 445 0. 404 1. 000 4 0. 426 0. 453 0. 336 1. 000 5 0. 382 0. 427 0. 374 0. 506 1. 000 6 0. 172 0. 147 0. 212 0. 118 0. 203 1. 000 7 0. 343 0. 329 0. 349 0. 336 0. 365 0. 406 1. 000 K x k z = K k =1 λ* k x k λ* k λ * k = arg max λ k V (z) s.t. K k =1 λ 2 k = 1 λ k z V z x 3 z x K 4 3 1 表 3 0. 412 0. 191 0. 394 0. 386 0. 012 0. 393 0. 579 0. 413 0. 257 0. 161 0. 455 0. 165 0. 590 0. 394 0. 383 0. 018 0. 562 0. 694 0. 003 0. 050 0. 233 0. 399 0. 275 0. 484 0. 027 0. 056 0. 571 0. 449 0. 405 0. 110 0. 505 0. 369 0. 289 0. 335 0. 487 0. 232 0. 782 0. 012 0. 150 0. 523 0. 158 0. 117 0. 370 0. 445 0. 117 0. 061 0. 783 0. 177 0. 059 2. 059 1. 066 0. 725 0. 596 0. 542 0. 485 0. 461
452 Vol. 44 No. 4 表 4 0. 055 0. 054 0. 057 0. 052 3. 38 3. 32 2. 19 2. 40 0. 074 0. 071 0. 170 0. 005 0. 017 2. 68 2. 57 4. 04 0. 13 0. 51 0. 019 0. 53 0. 080 1. 92 0. 063 1. 51 0. 023 0. 54 0. 030 0. 040 0. 020 0. 057 0. 48 0. 65 0. 21 0. 63 0. 136 0. 145 0. 003 0. 333 1. 77 1. 90 0. 03 2. 88 0. 001 0. 001 0. 001 0. 004 1. 14 1. 22 0. 49 2. 42 0. 175 0. 183 0. 356 0. 118 0. 87 0. 90 1. 28 0. 42 0. 266 0. 285 0. 614 0. 129 1. 33 1. 42 2. 18 0. 46 0. 213 0. 231 0. 478 0. 093 1. 02 1. 10 1. 62 0. 32 0. 545 0. 549 0. 657 0. 482 12. 12 12. 18 8. 66 8. 57 0. 041 0. 039 0. 091 0. 001 0. 58 0. 55 0. 83 0. 01 0. 074 0. 058 0. 334 0. 090 0. 36 0. 28 0. 89 0. 39 0. 005 0. 006 0. 007 0. 004 0. 202 0. 191 0. 34 0. 37 0. 27 0. 18 1. 99 1. 89 1, 405 1, 405 584 821 0. 10 0. 10 0. 11 0. 08 z 105 1 4 推定結果 4
Spring 09 453 4 2006 Galor and Weil 1996 Willis 1973 III 夫の家事育児協力を規定する要因 Becker 1965Willis 1973 Gronau 1976 max u = c + s + v(l M, l F ), n M,n F,h M,h F 1 s.t. c = w M n M + w F n F, 2 s = f (h M, h F ) = ( h ρ M + hρ F ) 1 ρ, 3 l M = 1 n M h M, 4 l F = 1 n F h F. 5 1 c s M F l v v 1 v 2 0 v 11 v 22 0 2
454 Vol. 44 No. 4 w M,w F n M n F 3 h M h F CES ρ 1 45 h M h F = w M w F σ. 6 σ 1 1 ρ 2 n M 1 推定方法 3 2 12 12 2 21 0 1 2
Spring 09 455 表 5 0. 353 0. 032 0. 049 0. 048 0. 018 0. 076 0. 061 0. 026 0. 049 3. 53 0. 61 1. 74 1. 79 0. 88 1. 80 2. 19 1. 72 2. 79 0. 154 0. 058 0. 034 0. 013 0. 033 0. 057 0. 006 0. 009 0. 008 0. 69 0. 49 0. 54 0. 22 0. 72 0. 57 0. 09 0. 25 0. 21 0. 142 0. 384 0. 046 0. 190 0. 041 0. 011 0. 055 0. 110 0. 126 0. 22 1. 13 0. 25 0. 97 0. 32 0. 04 0. 32 1. 12 1. 09 0. 405 0. 345 0. 167 0. 267 0. 012 0. 022 0. 132 0. 117 0. 158 0. 61 0. 98 0. 90 1. 34 0. 09 0. 08 0. 74 1. 16 1. 33 0. 116 0. 040 0. 035 0. 017 0. 014 0. 031 0. 009 0. 016 0. 021 2. 84 1. 81 3. 01 1. 56 1. 67 1. 77 0. 80 2. 53 3. 00 0. 057 0. 358 0. 053 0. 038 0. 063 0. 093 0. 046 0. 082 0. 057 0. 32 3. 80 1. 08 0. 80 1. 79 1. 23 0. 93 3. 07 1. 80 * 0. 189 0. 023 0. 035 0. 031 0. 020 0. 085 0. 040 0. 007 0. 017 5. 79 1. 32 3. 74 3. 41 2. 97 5. 57 4. 29 1. 39 2. 91 0. 107 0. 016 0. 071 0. 048 0. 017 0. 010 0. 017 0. 001 0. 015 1. 73 0. 47 3. 71 2. 74 1. 34 0. 36 0. 97 0. 13 1. 37 0. 033 0. 060 0. 003 0. 016 0. 010 0. 009 0. 006 0. 009 0. 026 0. 57 1. 98 0. 21 1. 02 0. 84 0. 36 0. 38 1. 10 2. 63 0. 142 0. 442 0. 244 0. 404 0. 027 0. 753 0. 217 0. 390 0. 120 0. 19 1. 13 1. 16 1. 87 0. 18 2. 38 1. 08 3. 50 0. 92 591 591 591 591 591 591 591 591 591 0. 03 0. 02 0. 04 0. 04 0. 02 0. 07 0. 04 0. 08 0. 09 z 105 1
456 Vol. 44 No. 4 2 OLS 5 表 6 2 制約が育児協力に与える効果 0. 340 0. 074 3. 46 1. 39 0. 162 0. 075 0. 72 0. 63 0. 139 0. 374 0. 21 1. 09 0. 370 0. 391 0. 56 1. 11 0. 190 0. 020 Yes 5. 81 0. 119 No 2. 99 0. 098 Yes 2. 46 0. 064 No 2. 92 0. 056 2. 63 0. 003 0. 10 0. 048 0. 86 1. 14 0. 102 0. 490 0. 14 591 591 1. 24 0. 03 0. 01 z 105 1
Spring 09 457 6 IV まとめ 1 2 19 88. 5 0. 57 2006 5 20 5 20 12 謝辞 SSJ 2004
458 Vol. 44 No. 4 注 1 2 2006 1 3 4 K x 1 x 2,... x K K K 5 4 5 4 参考文献 Apps, P. and R. Rees (2004) Fertility, Taxation and Family Policy, Scandinavian Journal of Economics, Vol. 106, No. 4, pp. 745 763. Becker, G. S. (1965) A Theory of the Allocation of Time, Economic Journal, Vol. 75, No. 299, pp. 493 517. Galor, O. and D. Weil (1996) The Gender Gap, Fertility and Grouth, American Economic Review, Vol. 86, No. 3, pp. 374 383. Gronau, R. (1976) Leisure, Home Production and Work The Theory of The Allocation of Time Revisited. NBER Working Paper No. 137. Martínez, D. and A. Iza (2004) Skill Premium Effects on Fertility and Female Labor Force Supply, Journal of Population Economics, Vol. 17, pp. 1 16. Sleebos, J. E. (2003) Low Fertility Rates in OECD Countries: Facts and Policy Responces. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers No. 15. Willis, R. J. (1973) A New Approach to the Economic Theory of Fertility Behavior, Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 81, pp. S14 S64. 2000 56 1 pp. 38 60 2007 41 pp. 9 21 1996 45 pp. 65 74 1999 35 2 pp. 192 207 2003 39 1 pp. 43 54 1999 H10032pp. 137 166 2006 38 pp. 21 40 2002 pp. 313 330 2005 4 2006 Life Design Report Watching
Spring 09 459 2006 42 2 pp. 149 164