2010 19 2 81 93 2010 1),2) (borderline personality disorder: BPD) BPD BPD 1 2 452 (the Abandonment Schema Questionnaire: ASQ) ASQ 3 3 253 BPD BPD ASQ (borderline personality disorder: BPD) 1995 BPD BPD 1) The 5th World Congress of Behavioural & Cognitive Therapies (2007, Spain) 33 2007 8 2008 2) BPD Trull, Useda, Confori, & Doan (1997) BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD
82 19 2 Mahler (e.g., 1971) Masterson 1981 1990Mahler BPD (Mason & Kreger, 1998 2003) (1994) BPD 6 Masterson, 1981 1990 Young (e.g., 1990, 1999) (Schema Therapy: ST) (2005) BPD BPD (the Borderline Schemata Questionnaire: BSQ) BSQ BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD the Schema Questionnaire (SQ; Young & Brown, 1990) BSQ BPD 1 (the Abandonment Schema Questionnaire: ASQ) Linehan (1993) BPD BPD BPD
83 BPD BPD (Trull et al., 1997) BPD BPD BPD BPD 1999 1 ASQ ASQ 61 (a) 28 1994 (b) 7 2006 (c) 18 2004 (d) the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Research (EMSQ-R; Cecero, Nelson, & Gilie, 2004) 5 (e) BSQ 2005 3 8 69 3 KJ 26 BPD 6 1. 3. 3 26 2.0 6 20 2006 7 230 115 114 1 20.48 SD 1.89 2006 10 2009 5 110 60 50 20.39 SD 1.37 2 2006 7
84 19 2 ASQ 2 2 1 3 6 20 1. 4. 4 SPSS 11.5 for Windows G P 20 25% 60 47.95 SD 6.1060 24.68 SD 4.51G P t t(118) 5.72 13.74 p.001 20 Promax 1 3 3 3 Promax.40 2.40 3 18 Table 1 BPD 2005 Promax 18 (the Abandonment Schema Questionnaire: ASQ) 1 BSQ 2 BPD 3 Cecero et al. (2004) Young
85 Table 1 (a.89) I II III 1 (a.86).87.06.24.52.78.10.00.56.73.00.06.59.60.03.13.51.57.08.23.50.46.13.12.38.44.20.15.44 2 (a.82).11.70 -.18.44.10.70.04.46.05.69.12.51.08.65.06.44.07.62.13.34.17.60.04.33.09.49.06.32.25.41.11.24 3 (a.81).07.17.95.85.05.18.60.56.22.14.46.50 I II III I.40.65 II.56 BPD 1 3 SQ BSQ ASQ Cronbach a ASQ a.89 a.86 a.82 a.81 ASQ 1 3 Aoms 5.0 3 CFI.91 GFI.89 AGFI.86 RSMEA.07 1 CFI.71 GFI.70
86 19 2 AGFI.62 RSMEA.12 3 ASQ 3 ASQ 1 2 ASQ r.85 r.83 r.77 r.77.70 ASQ.85 ASQ 1 ASQ 2 1 ASQ BPD ASQ BPD ASQ BPD BPD BPD 2006 7 2009 5 222 115 105 2 19.83 SD 2.11 (a) ASQ 1 18 ASQ (b) 2004ASQ 18 1. 7. 7 (c) DSM- -TR American Psychiatric Association, 2000 2002 ASQ DSM- -TR BPD 1 2 (d) the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-Revise: PDQ-R 1996 BPD ASQ BPD BPD 12 2 (e) the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale: SDS 1973
87 Table 2 ASQ PDQ-R SDS Pearson PDQ-R SDS M SD ASQ.75***.56***.47*** 35.02 8.21 F1.61***.58***.45*** 12.73 4.12 F2.59***.30***.27** 15.99 4.09 F3.60***.48***.43*** 6.31 1.99 ***p.001 **p.01 F1 F2 F3 19 1. 4. 4 ASQ, Table 2 ASQ ASQ ASQ (r.75, p.001)asq (p.001) (r.59.61) ASQ SDS (r.67, p.001)asq DSM- - TR 41 ASQ 40.37 SD 8.09 173 ASQ 34.99 SD 8.00ASQ F (1,212) 11.16, p.001 ASQ ASQ (F(1,212) 5.30, p.05) F 1,212) 8.52, p.001) (F(1,212) 8.36, p.001) BPD ASQ PDQ-R ASQ PDQ-R (r.56, p.001) (r.58, p.001) (r.30, p.001) ASQ PDQ-R SDS (r.45, p.001) BPD ASQ SDS (r.47, p.001) BPD (e.g., McGlashan, Grilo, Skodol, Gunderson,
88 19 2 Shera, Morey, Zanarini, & Stout, 2000) ASQ BPD ASQ ASQ BPD 3 BPD BPD BPD (2005) BPD BPD ASQ BPD (e.g., Johnson, Hurley, Benkelfat, Herpertz, & Taber, 2003) BPD 2006 10 11 253 158 95 21.02 SD 2.44 (a) ASQ 18 1 2 (b) the Affective Lability Scale: ALS; 2005 43 BPD ALS 1 16 2 11 3 10 4 6 4 (2005) (c) PDQ-R1996 BPD BPD 2 PDQ-R 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 5 (d) Structured clinical interview for DSM- Axis II SCID-II; First, Gibbon, Spitzer, Williams, & Benjamin, 1997 2002 7 BPD SCID PDQ-R 5 ASQ PDQ-R t(250). 1.22, n.s. ASQ 33.41 ASQ 34.57; t(251).23, n.s. PDQ-R 3.79 PDQ-R 3.86
89 Table 3 ASQ ALS PDQ-R SCID Pearson (M) (SD) ALS PDQ-R SCID M SD ASQ.69***.73***.57***.57***.45***.49***.16*.43*** 33.84 9.60 F1.57***.61***.44***.50***.38***.50***.08.38*** 10.84 4.24 F2.46***.48***.42***.38***.27***.22***.19**.33*** 11.21 3.37 F3.63***.67***.54***.48***.46***.46***.13*.34*** 6.35 2.25 ***p.001 **p.01 *p.05 F1 F2 F3 Table 4 ALS ALS R (R 2 ).73 (.54)***.59 (.35)***.57 (.33)***.47 (.22)*** ASQ F1.27***.10.34***.07 F2.29***.26***.26***.12 F3.35***.36***.12.36*** ***p.001 p.10 F1 F2 F3 BPD PDQ-R (Trull, 1995) ASQ Table 3 ASQ ALS (p.001) ASQ ALS (b.69, p.001) ASQ ALS (Table 4) ALS ASQ 3 ASQ ASQ ASQ
90 19 2 ASQ PDQ-R 2 ASQ PDQ- R (r.49, p.001)asq (r.50, p.001) (r.22, p.001) 2 PDQ-R ASQ (r.16, p.05) (r.08, n.s.) SCID ASQ (r.43, p.001) PDQ-R SCID PDQ-R SCID BPD ASQ PDQ-R ASQ ALS PDQ-R SCID ASQ BPD ASQ ASQ ALS PDQ-R SCID BPD SCID (Model 1) (Model 2) AIC BCC GFI AGFI CFI RMSEA Amos 5.0 Model 1 AIC 59.12 BCC 62.33 GFI.99 AGFI.92 CFI 1.00 RMSEA.05 c 2 (2) 3.12 Model 2 AIC 53.42 BCC 55.36 GFI.97 AGFI.93 CFI.99 RMSEA.05 c 2 (13) 19.42 AIC BCC Model 2 Model 1 Model 2 Model 2 Model 2 Figure 1 Model 2 ASQ ALS ALS ASQ ALS ASQ ALS ASQ ALS 2
91 Figure 1 BPD BPD BPD 1 2 ASQ ASQ 3 1 ASQ 3 3 ASQ BPD 2 BPD BPD 3 ASQ ALS PDQ-R SCID BPD BPD BPD BPD
92 19 2 3 ASQ ALS (r.73, p.001) BPD BPD 3 ASQ BPD 3 ALS ASQ ASQ BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD BPD ASQ American Psychiatric Association (2000). Quick reference to the diagnostic criteria from DSM-IV-TR. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association. (2002). DSM- -TR Cecero, J. J., Nelson, J. D., & Gillie, J. M. (2004). Tools and tenets of schema therapy: Toward the construct validity of the Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Research version (EMSQ-R). Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, 11, 344 357. First, M. B., Gibbon, M., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B. W., & Benjamin, L. S. (1997). Structured clinical interview for DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders (SCID-II). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press. M (2002). SCID-II: DSM-IV II (1973). 75, 673 679. (1999). p. 103 (2006). 14, 181 193. (2005). BSQ23, 273 282. Johnson, P. A., Hurley, R. A., Benkelfat, C., Herpertz, S. C., & Taber, K. H. (2003). Understanding emotion regulation in borderline personality disorder: Contributions of Neuroimaging. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 15, 397 402. (2005). Linehan, M. M. (1993). Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment for Borderline Personality Disorder. New York: Guilford Press. Mahler, M. (1971). A study of the separation individuation process: And its possible application to borderline phenomena in the psychoanalytic situation. The Psychoalalytic Study of the Child, 26, 403 424. Mason, P. T., & Kreger, R. (1998). Stop walking on eggshells. New Harbinger Publication.
93 PR (2003) BPD Masterson, J. F. (1981). The narcissistic and borderline disorder: An integrated developmental approach. New York: Brunner/Mazel. J F (1990) McGlashan, T. H., Grilo, C. M., Skodol, A. E., Gunderson, J. G., Shera, M. T., Morey, L. C., Zanarini, M. C., & Stout, R. L. (2000). The collaborative longitudinal personality disorders study: Baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic cooccurrence. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 102, 256 264. (1995). pp. 443 451. (2004). 5, 19 27. (1994). 16, 243 254. Trull, T. (1995). Borderline personality features in nonclinical young adults: I. Identification and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7, 33 41. Trull, T., Useda, J., Conforti, K., & Doan, B. (1997). Borderline personality disorder features in nonclinical young adults: 2. Two-year outcome. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 106, 307 314. (1996). PDQ-R 7, 259 267. Young, J. E. (1990). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. Sarasota, Fl, US: Professional Resources Press. Young, J. E. (1999). Cognitive therapy for personality disorders: A schema-focused approach. 4th ed. Sarasota, Fl, US: Professional Resources Press. Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (1990). Young Schema Questionnaire. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center of New York. 2009.9.25 2010.6.2 The Effect of Abandonment Schema on Borderline Personality Features Mamiko IGO 1, Mikako YAZAWA 2 and Kaneo NEDATE 3 1 Graduate School of Human Sciences, Waseda University 2 Advanced Research Center for Human Sciences, Waseda University 3 Faculty of Human Sciences, Waseda University THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2010, Vol. 19 No. 2, 81 93 This study investigated the relationship between abandonment schema and borderline personality features from the standpoint of cognitive behavioral theory. In Studies 1 and 2, the authors developed the Abandonment Schema Questionnaire (ASQ) and examined its reliability and validity using a sample of 452 university students. Factor analysis of the ASQ yielded three factors: Persistent abandonment and loneliness, Obsession and identification with significant others, and Disappointment with affection from others. The results showed that the ASQ had adequate reliability and validity. In Study 3, the authors examined the relationship between abandonment schema and borderline personality features. A survey was conducted using a sample of 253 university students. Analysis of the results was consistent with a causal model indicating that abandonment schema affect BPD features of acting out via affective dysregulation. Future studies are needed to examine whether the ASQ is applicable to populations other than university students. Key words: abandonment schema, cognitive behavioral theory, causal model