MICE Sci-Fi 2 15 3 7 1
1 5 1.1 MICE(Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment)............. 5 1.1.1........................... 5 1.1.2............................... 7 1.1.3 MICE.......................... 10 1.2 MICE........................... 13 1.2.1......................... 13 1.2.2 Sci-Fi........................ 13 1.2.3...................... 14 1.3............................ 16 2 Sci-Fi 17 2.1............................... 17 2.1.1................... 17 2.1.2.................... 19 2.1.3.......................... 20 2.1.4............................. 23 2.1.5.............. 24 2.2................................. 28 2.2.1 MAPMT.......... 28 2.2.2...................... 30 2.3 Sci-Fi.................... 31 2.3.1..................... 33 2.3.2 MAPMT........ 34 3 39 3.1.............................. 39 3.1.1.......................... 39 3.1.2.......................... 39 3.1.3........................ 40 3.2................................... 40 3.2.1........................ 43 3.2.2.......................... 44 3.2.3.......................... 47 3.3............................... 48 2
4 50 3
(MICE) 6 150μm nsec MICE Sci- Fi Sci-Fi 1.0GeV/c π 0.3mm 0.54±0.03 0.5mm 1.22±0.02 2.8nsec MICE 4
1 MICE 1.1 MICE(Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment) 1.1.1 MICE MICE [1] MICE [2] π μ ν [3] [4, 5] CERN 1 MICE MICE 5-10 5
1: CERN 2GeV π μ 50GeV ν ν 6
0.1 10 20 1.1.2 ( 2 ) MICE z x y x, dx dy y, dz dz 2: ( ) RF ( ) de dx = 4πN 0Zz 2 e 4 mv 2 A ln( 2mv 2 I(1 β 2 ) β2 )) (1) 7
N 0 : Z : z : e : m : v : A : β : v/c I : Gaussian dθ = 2θ 0 = 2 0.014(GeV ) L (2) βcp L R L L R p 6 ɛ = D D x,y,t, dx, dy, cdt dz dz dz ɛ p =βγ mc x, dx dz ɛ x, = γβɛ x = γβσ x σ x (3) ɛ x, dz = ɛ d(γβ) x + γβ d(ɛ x) dz dz (4) ɛ ɛ x, dz = 1 β 2 ɛ x, E de dz +β (0.014GeV ) 2 (5) 2β 3 Em μ L R 8
10 8 de/dx (MeV g 1 cm 2 ) 6 5 4 3 2 H 2 liquid He gas Fe Sn Pb Al C 1 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10 000 βγ = p/mc 0.1 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 Muon momentum (GeV/c) 1.0 10 100 1000 Pion momentum (GeV/c) 0.1 1.0 10 100 1000 10 000 Proton momentum (GeV/c) 3: 9
[6] (5) β L R de/ds=30mev/m X 0 =8.7m 10cm 1 2 ɛ x, dz = 1 β 2 ɛ x, E de dz +β (0.014GeV ) 2 = 0 (6) 2β 3 Em μ L R ɛ x, 180-300MeV/c 20 [7] MICE 1.1.3 MICE RF TOF 10
4: MICE 3 ( ) RF 11
5: RAL MICE 12
4 MICE MICE Rutherford appleton (RAL) 2005 5 1.2 MICE 1.2.1 MICE 6 6 6: 10% 0.4% 100ns RF 1.2.2 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi 13
Sci-Fi 1 2 1 2 1 3 3 120 30cm 3 2 3m ( 7 8 ) 7: Sci-Fi 5 1.2.3 Sci-Fi 1 866cm MICE 35cm 3 L = 35(cm) 3 L R 866(cm) 14 =0.12 (7)
8: Sci-Fi (a)1 2 (b) 2 3 120 (2) θ 0 θ 0 = 2 0.0136(GeV ) L (1 + 0.038ln( L )) (8) βcp L R L R 180MeV/c θ 0 = 0.0136(GeV ) 0.12(1 + 0.038ln(0.12)) = 45(mrad) (9) 0.86 0.18(GeV ) 6 (9) 10% 47.9cm 300μm 6 4.2mrad 150μm 150μm 12=520μm 300μm 150μm nsec 0.4%X 0 1: Sci-Fi (X 0 ) 15
1.3 2 Visible Light Photon Counter(VLPC) [8] (MAPMT) VLPC (85%) (50,000) [9] S/N 7K (MAPMT) MAPMT MAPMT MAPMT 4 16
2 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi MAPMT Sci-Fi 2.1 2.1.1 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi 2 Sci-Fi ( 90 ) n 1 n 2 θ c n 2 1 n 2 2 θ c = arcsin (10) n 1 10 17
9: NA 1.3 10: 18
(NA) NA n 1 n 2 NA = n 2 1 n 2 2 (11) S Non-S Non-S S Non-S MICE (RF) 10m 2.1.2 1 RF 10% 300μm 520μm Sci-Fi 300μm 19
11: Sci-Fi Kuraray SCSF-78M 11 SCSF-78M 4.0m 450nm MAPMT 12 Sci-Fi MAPMT Sci-Fi 0.3mm 0.5mm Numerical apature S Non-S 2.1.3 1/e Sci-Fi L x (12) f(x) =exp( x L ) (12) Sci-Fi 5m Sci-Fi 0.3 0.5mm Sci-Fi PMT LED 20
12: ( )Sci-Fi ( )MAPMT 21
PMT LED LED cm 5m 25cm LED Sci-Fi 10 4 13 13: 0.3mm 0.5mm Sci-Fi PMT PMT N L (13) f(x) =Nexp( x L ) (13) 0.3mm 186±3cm 0.5mm 279±4cm MICE Sci-Fi 30cm 0.3mm 85% 0.5mm 90% PMT 50cm 22
2.1.4 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi Sci-Fi [10] separation offset tilt 14 a s a d š Separation Offset Tilt 14: 23
s L s L s =1 s(na) 4an 0 (14) NA (11) n 0 d L d L d =1 2 arcsin( d π 2a ) d 1 ( d 2a 2a )2 (15) a ψ L ψ L ψ =1 n 0ψ π(na) (16) 2.1.5 Sci-Fi offset Sci-Fi 15 (14) (15) (16) 0.3mm 0.5mm 90% 24
15 0.3mm 85μm 0.5mm 125μm 90% 0.5mm 40μm 0.3mm 25μm 10 15: (14) (15) (16) 0.3mm 0.5mm Sci-FI 2 3cm 1mm 25
2 10 (16) 90% 25-40μm 1.3m PMT LED 1m 30cm Z X Z 100 X 10 Z 50 LED 16 17 0.3mm 0.5mm (15) N (17) f(x) =N 1 2 arcsin( d π 2a ) d 1 ( d 2a 2a )2 (17) ADC 0.3mm Z Z 50μm Z 50μm 90% 0.3mm ±15μm 0.5mm ±40μm ( 0.3mm 1.095 0.5mm 1.025) 26
16: Z 100 X 10 17: 0.3mm 0.5mm ADC ADC 0.3mm 0.5mm 17 27
2.2 (MAPMT) MAPMT 2.2.1 MAPMT MAPMT PMT MAPMT R5900U-00-L16 MAPMT 16 1 15.8mm 0.8mm 0.2mm 19 18: R5900U-00-L16 28
19: R5900U-00-L16 20: R5900U-00-L16 29
2.2.2 MAPMT l(mm) n 2 n 1 θ 1 a s ( s = a + l tan arcsin( n ) 1 sinθ 1 ) (18) n 2 ( 21 ) l=1mm n 1 =1.59 n 2 =1.474 θ 1 =26.7 s 0.3mm 0.7mm 0.5mm 0.8mm MAPMT 21 l 0.2mm 0.8mm š 1 s š S a n 1 n 2 š 21: ( ) ( ) MAPMT MAPMT 0.8mm 0.2mm 30
s S real ( S real = πs 2 2 πs 2 ( 2ψ ) 2π ) 0.4s sinψ (19) S cross S cross = πs 2 ( 2φ ) 0.6s sinφ (20) 2π ψ φ 21 S cross S real 0.3mm 0.049 0.5mm 0.12 0.3mm 4.9% 0.5mm 12% MAPMT 22 1m Y MAPMT X MAPMT Y 2 LED X 100 m Y MAPMT 23 X ( mm) ADC (19) (20) 3 5% 90% MAPMT 100μm 2.3 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi 24 Sci-Fi 350mm Sci-Fi 16 2 1m 31
22: LED MAPMT X 100 m 23: ( ) 0.3mm ( ) 0.5mm ADC * 32
350mm «š 16«mm Sci-Fi (2 layer) Clear Fiber (2 layer) to another MAPMT MAPMT cathode (16 layer) 30.0mm 15.8mm acryl plate 30.0mm 1.0mm cathode width : 0.8mm strip : 0.2mm 24: Sci-Fi 1mm Sci-Fi 1mm MAPMT 2.3.1 Sci-Fi 0.3mm 0.5mm 40cm 50g 25 Sci-Fi ±10μm Sci-Fi MAPMT MAPMT 33
ˆ ˆ ˆ «50g «25: Sci-Fi 3 2 1 1 MAPMT MAPMT MAPMT 2.3.2 MAPMT MAPMT 100μm Sci-Fi 10 100μm 28 LED 34
26: Sci-Fi ( ) 2 ( ) 35
Á ˆÔÖÒÐw ÓÑ Á ÔÖÒÐ }Á Á 27: Sci-Fi Sci-Fi Sci-Fi MAPMT MAPMT 1 MAPMT 28 MAPMT 1 500μm MAPMT 90 90 MAPMT 130μm 4 MAPMT 100μm 1 1 3 3 ( ) 1 2 ( 1 ) MAPMT 29 MAPMT ADC 36
28: 1 37
29: MAPMT ADC * 1 2 MAPMT ADC MAPMT 38
3 KEK 3.1 3.1.1 KEK π2 12GeV (PS) π μ 2 μ K2 P1 IT T1 K0 2 30: KEK 12GeV PS 2 3.1.2 31 S1 S2 Sci-Fi S3 TOF1 TOF2 S4 S1 S4 TOF1 TOF2 TOF1 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi MAPMT 39
TOF2 TOF1 Fiber Tracker S4 S3 S2 S1 beam Dark Box 2000mm 3000mm 3000mm 31: 32 2 0.3mm 0.5mm 1 Sci-Fi 2 MAPMT MICE Edward McKigney 1.0mm Sci-Fi 1.0mm 240mm 3.1.3 34 TOF1L TOF1L Sci-Fi CAMAC Sci-Fi TKO 3.2 MICE 40
16mm Sci-Fi Tracker š0.5mm š1.0mm 240mm Clear Fiber š0.3mm š0.3mm MAPMT 32: 0.3mm 0.5mm 0.3mm 1.0mm 240mm 41
33: Sci-Fi Each digital signal CAMAC TDC common start Scintillation Counter Each analog signal CAMAC ADC all TOF, define spill coincidence TOF2 timing TKO GONG indicator Sci-Fi Tracker «««««««MAPMT PM AMP 16ch TKO TDC ««««common stop 32ch TKO ADC ««««34: 42
3.2.1 1.0GeV/c π ( de dx 2.8MeVcm2 /g π 1.8MeVcm 2 /g π μ 1.0GeV/c de dx ) 35 S1 TDC S1 TOF2L( ) TDC π 2 6m π 7.8nsec 2 S1 CAMAC TDC Common Start S1 π 35: S1 36 35 TDC π Gauss σ π 5σ 4σ 36 1 1 1 MAPMT π 43
3.2.2 36: MAPMT h n e F (x) =N μ μ i exp( (x X i) 2 ) (21) i=1 2πσi i! 2σi 2 μ n 1 ADC i X i σ i π 37 π 0.3mm 0.54±0.03 0.5mm 1.22±0.02 38 0.3mm 0.79±0.05 0.5mm 1.62±0.07 de/dx (0.3mm/0.5mm) π 44
37: ADC ADC ( ) 0.3mm 1p.e. ( ) (21) ( ) 0.5mm 0.3mm 1p.e. ( ) 1.0mm 45
38: ADC 37 46
0.44 0.49 0.6 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi de/dx (π/ ) 0.3mm 0.68 0.5mm 0.75 3 de/dx π1.8mev ( cm2 cm2 ) 2.65MeV ( ) g g 0.7 3.2.3 2 39 0.3mm 7 0.5mm 4 1 1 39: 0.3mm 0.5mm 47
23 R 1 R 2 μ 1 1 P P =(1 exp( μr 1 )) (1 exp( μr 2 )) (22) ±100μm 0.3mm 1:0.15 0.5mm 1:0.2 π 0.54 0.79 P 0.3mm 2.0% 0.5mm 4.6% 39 0.3mm 8.0% 0.5mm 12.7% 3 4 Sci-Fi 3.3 40 40: 48
Kuraray N T f(x) =Nexp( x T ) (23) 0.3mm 2.8±0.4nsec 0.5mm 2.8±0.2nsec 1p.e. Sci-Fi 2.8nsec Sci-Fi 2.8nsec 49
4 1.0GeV/c π 2.8nsec 0.3mm 0.54±0.03 0.5mm 1.22±0.02 0.3mm 0.77±0.05 0.5mm 1.62±0.07 MICE 180 300MeV/c μ μ Sci-Fi de/dx π de/dx MICE 1p.e. 90% 2 (MeV cm 2 /g) :2.56 π:1.8 (mm) 0.3mm:0.2355 0.5mm:0.3925 (g/cm 3 ) 1.05 1eV [Sci-Fi] 0.01 0.3mm:0.263 0.5mm:0.657 ( ) 0.0533 Sci-Fi ( ) 0.3mm:0.94 0.5mm:0.95 ( ) 0.9 MAPMT dead space( ) 0.3mm:0.749 0.5mm:0.754 MAPMT 0.2 2: 3.2.2 Sci-Fi Sci-Fi 350μm[11] 350μm 50
MAPMT dead space 21 4 0.3mm 0.5mm π 0.54±0.03 1.22±0.02 0.79±0.05 1.62±0.07 3: ( ) 0.3mm 0.5mm π 0.79 3.35 1.12 4.76 4: ( ) 0.5mm 0.5mm Sci-Fi 0.5mmSci-Fi 0.3mm 26% 4 π 0.3mm 2.1 μ 1 t τ exp( t τ ) τ N N TDC t 1 t 1 (N-1) t 1 P(N,t 1 ) P (N,t 1 ) = N exp( t 1 τ ) τ t mean σ t mean = (24) [ exp( t ) N 1 τ dt] (25) t 1 τ = N τ exp( Nt 1 τ ) (26) 0 tp (N,t)dt (27) 51
= N τ (28) σ = = N τ ( 1/2 (t t mean ) 2 P (N,t)dt) (29) 0 N 41 2.8nsec (30) 41: 2.8nsec 1p.e. π 0.3mm 1.4nsec 52
KEK MICE Edward McKigney ( ) 53
[1] Proposal to the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, An International Muon Ionization Cooling Experiment [2] G.I. Budker, in Proc. of the 7th Int. Conf. on High Energy Accelerators, Yerevan, 1969. [3] S. Geer, PRD 57, 6989 (1998) [4] Feasibility Study on a Neutrino Source Based on a Muon Storage Ring, D.Finley, N.Holtkamp, eds. (2000) [5] Feasibility Study-II of a Muon-Based Neutrino Source, S. Ozaki, R. Palmer, M. Zisman, and J. Gallardo, eds. BNL-52623, June 2001 [6] D.Neufer, in Advanced Accelerator Concepts, F.E.Mills, ed., AIP Conf. Proc. 156 (American Institute of Physics, New York, 1987),p.201; R. C. Fernow, J. C. Gallardo, Phys. Rev. E 52, 1039(1995) [7] A.N.Skrinsky and V.V. Parkhomchuk, Sov. J. of Nuclear Physics, 12, 3(1981) [8] B.Baumbaugh et.al., IEEE Trans. Nucl. Sci. 43(1996 1146) [9] S. Abachi et al. The D0 Upgrade, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A408, pg. 103-109,1998; A. Bross et. al., Characterization and Performance of Visible Light Photon Counters (VLPCS) For The Upgraded D0 Detectgor at The FERMILAB Tevatron, Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A477, pg. 172-178,2002. [10] Tsuchiya, H.,Nakagome, H.,Shimizu, N.,and Ohara, S., Appl. Opt., 16 1323 (1977) [11] Ph. Rebourgeard et al., Nucl. Instrum. and Meth., A 427(1999) 543 54