Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 277 (9) 2007 NTT JA
278 (10) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 2009 4 10 1982 7 2007 2007 4 2008 3 1 229 181 (79.0%) 683 24 395 288 Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus avium Enterococcus spp. Streptococcus anginosus Streptococcus spp. Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter cloacae P. aeruginosa E. cloacae E. coli K. pneumoniae Parvimonas micra Streptococcus constellatus Gemella morbillorum Anaerococcus prevotii Bacteroides fragilis Bilophila wadsworthia Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Campylobacter gracilis B. thetaiotaomicron B. fragilis Bacteroides caccae B. wadsworthia (MRSA) Enterococcus spp. Teicoplanin MIC 4 mg/ml (MRCNS) 9 MRSA Bacteroides spp. B. wadsworthia Clindamycin (CLDM) Levofloxacin (LVFX) Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) Minocycline (MINO)
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 279 (11) 1982 7 1 30 2007 2007 4 2008 3 I. 1982 7 33 2002 3 BTB 37 C 1 3 HK BBE PEA HK PV HK 37 C 3 7 MIC2000 II. 1 2007 229 181 (79.0%) 683 24 48 Table 1 119 84 (70.6%) 38 21 (55.3%) 56 44 (78.6%) 110 97 (88.2%) 67 63 (94.0%) 98 (54.1%) 43 (23. 8%) 19 (10.5%) (Fig. 1) 181 683 1 3.8 181 23.2% 18.8% 2 12.7% 3 16.0% 4 29.3% 5 45.1% 5
280 (12) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 1. Fig. 1. 47.8% (Fig. 2) 2 2007 (Table 2) 395 288
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 281 (13) Fig. 2. Table 2. 11 Candida albicans 6 Candida glabrata 3 Candida parapsilosis Candida tropicalis 1 13 C. albicans 7 C. glabrata 3 C. tropicalis 2 C. parapsilosis 1 41 193 32 77 23 116 (Table 3) Streptococcus anginosus Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus
282 (14) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 3.
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 283 (15) avium Staphylococcus aureus Enterococcus faecium E. faecalis S. aureus E. faecium Staphylococcus epidermidis E. avium Enterococcus spp. Streptococcus spp. Enterococcus spp. Staphylococcus spp. 35 126 32 86 18 40 (Table 4) Parvimonas micra Streptococcus constellatus Gemella morbillorum Anaerococcus prevotii 26 145 20 91 15 54 (Table 5) Escherichia coli Klebsiella pneumoniae Pseudomonas aeruginosa Enterobacter cloacae P. aeruginosa E. cloacae E. coli K. pneumoniae 30 219 29 141 19 78 (Table 6) Bacteroides fragilis Bilophila wadsworthia Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron Campylobacter gracilis Veillonella spp. B. thetaiotaomicron B. fragilis Bacteroides caccae B. wadsworthia Bacteroides spp Streptococcus spp. Klebsiella spp. Bacteroides spp. Staphylococcus spp. P. aeruginosa (Fig. 3) 3 (Fig. 4) 1990 2007 E. coli 2007 B. fragilis 2 (Fig. 5) (Fig. 6) 1990 1990 1994 E. faecalis 1999 2006 S. aureus 1992 20% 2005 P. aeruginosa 1990 20 30% 1998 2001
284 (16) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 4.
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 285 (17) Table 5.
286 (18) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 6.
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 287 (19) Fig. 3. Fig. 4. 1
288 (20) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Fig. 5. 2 Fig. 6. 1
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 289 (21) Fig. 7. 2 Fig. 8. MRSA
290 (22) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 10% E. coli 10% 2007 10% (Fig. 7) (MRSA) 1991 1998 1998 2005 2006 2007 S. aureus MRSA 3 70% (Fig. 8) 4 1 6 Bacteroides spp. (18.5%) (23.7%) E. coli (10.1%) Streptococcus spp. (6.3%) Enterococcus spp. (6.2%) 1991 E. coli 1997 (Fig. 9) 6 Enterococcus spp. (20.0%) Bacteroides spp. (13.7%) (11.8%) Staphylococcus spp. (10.4%) (10.1%) 1992 2001 Staphylococcus spp. (Fig. 10) 2 1990 E. coli Klebsiella spp. 1997 Enterococcus spp. E. coli Klebsiella spp. 6 19.9% (Fig. 11) Enterococcus spp. (26.8%) Enterobacter spp. (14.6%) Klebsiella spp. (9.8%) P. aeruginosa (9.8%) E. coli (4.9%) 12.2% (Fig. 12) 3 1987 Bacteroides spp. 2002 39.0% 6 Enterococcus spp. (19.6%) Bacteroides spp. (18.0%) 14.0% Staphylococcus spp. (13.9%) P. aeruginosa (5.0%) (Fig. 13) 5 Table 7 44 MIC 1 Staphylococcus spp. S. aureus 25 Oxacillin (MPIPC) MIC 6 0.5 mg/ml 19 (76.0%) 64 mg/ml Ampicillin (ABPC) 4 MIC 2 mg/ml 21 8 mg/ml 128 mg/ml 4 Vancomycin (VCM) Teicoplanin (TEIC) Linezolid (LZD) MIC 2 mg/ml Arbekacin (ABK)
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 291 (23) Fig. 9. Fig. 10.
292 (24) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Fig. 11. Fig. 12.
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 293 (25) Fig. 13. MIC 4 mg/ml Gentamicin (GM) 8 MIC 0.5 mg/ml MIC 32 mg/ml Clindamycin (CLDM) 7 MIC 0.125 mg/ml 18 MIC 128 mg/ml (Table 7) S. epidermidis 12 MPIPC MIC 16 mg/ml (MRCNS) Minocycline (MINO) MIC 0.5 mg/ml ABK LZD VCM Cefotiam (CTM) Cefozopran (CZOP) TEIC MIC 16 mg/ml TEIC 1 CLDM MIC 0.25 mg/ml 7 128 mg/ml 5 (Table 8) Staphylococcus spp. 6 Staphylococcus capitis Staphylococcus lugdunensis 2 Staphylococcus haemolyticus Staphylococcus hominis 1 ABK VCM LZD TEIC MINO CZOP (Table 9) S. lugdunensis 2 S. haemolyticus S. hominis S. capitis 1 MPIPC MIC 0.5 mg/ml MRCNS 2 Streptococcus spp. S. anginosus 14 Meropenem (MEPM) Cefpirome (CPR) MIC 0.125 m g/ml Imipenem (IPM) Cefmenoxime (CMX) CLDM 0.25 mg/ml Ceftazidime (CAZ) Fosfomycin (FOM) (Table 10) Streptococcus spp. 15 Streptococcus oralis 6 Streptococcus salivarius
294 (26) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 7. Staphylococcus aureus 25
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 295 (27) Table 8. Staphylococcus epidermidis 12
296 (28) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 9. Staphylococcus spp. 6
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 297 (29) Table 10. Streptococcus anginosus 14
298 (30) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 11. Streptococcus spp. 15
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 299 (31) Table 12. Enterococcus faecalis 41
300 (32) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 13. Enterococcus faecium 22
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 301 (33) Table 14. Enterococcus avium 17
302 (34) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 15. Enterococcus spp. 14
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 303 (35) Table 16. Corynebacterium spp. 11
304 (36) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 17. Escherichia coli 43
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 305 (37) Table 18. Klebsiella pneumoniae 18
306 (38) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 19. Klebsiella oxytoca 8
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 307 (39) Table 20. Enterobacter cloacae 16
308 (40) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 21. Citrobacter spp. 7
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 309 (41) Table 22. Pseudomonas aeruginosa 21
310 (42) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 23. Haemophilus spp. 5
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 311 (43) Table 24. Streptococcus constellatus 11
312 (44) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 25. Streptococcus intermedius 6
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 313 (45) Table 26. Gemella morbillorum 7
314 (46) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 27. Peptostreptococcus spp. 5
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 315 (47) Table 28. Finegoldia magna 6
316 (48) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 29. Anaerococcus prevotii 9
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 317 (49) Table 30. Parvimonas micra 17
318 (50) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 31. Veillonella spp. 14
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 319 (51) Table 32. Eggerthella lenta 9
320 (52) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 33. Lactobacillus spp. 15
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 321 (53) Table 34. Eubacterium limosum 5
322 (54) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 35. Actinomyces spp. 6
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 323 (55) Table 36. Propionibacterium acnes 8
324 (56) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 37. Clostridium spp. 14
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 325 (57) Table 38. Bacteroides fragilis 28
326 (58) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 39. B. fragilis Bacteroides spp. 80
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 327 (59) Table 40. Bilophila wadsworthia 25
328 (60) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 41. Campylobacter gracilis 12
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 329 (61) Table 42. Fusobacterium spp. 15
330 (62) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Table 43. Prevotella spp. 34
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 331 (63) Table 44. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica 5
332 (64) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 Streptococcus parasanguinis 2 Streptococcus bovis Streptococcus agalactiae Streptococcus sanguis Streptococcus equisimilis Streptococcus infantis 1 CLDM MIC 0.125 mg/ml IPM MEPM TEIC 0.25 mg/ml (Table 11) 3 Enterococcus spp. E. faecalis 41 TEIC MIC 1 mg/ml LZD ABPC VCM IPM MINO (Table 12) E. faecium 22 TEIC MIC 1 mg/ml VCM LZD MIC 2 mg/ml MINO (Table 13) E. avium 17 TEIC MIC 1 mg/ml VCM LZD Levofloxacin (LVFX) Ciprofloxacin (CPFX) MINO (Table 14) Enterococcus spp. 14 Enterococcus gallinarum 4 Enterococcus raffinosus 3 Enterococcus hirae 2 Enterococcus durans Enterococcus casseliflavus Enterococcus pseudoavium 1 Enterococcus spp. 2 TEIC LZD VCM LVFX CPFX MINO (Table 15) 4 Corynebacterium spp. Corynebacterium spp. 11 Corynebacterium striatum 7 Corynebacterium minutissimum Corynebacterium pseudodiphtheriticum 1 Corynebacterium spp. 2 LZD TEIC VCM MINO (Table 16) 5 Escherichia coli E. coli 43 MIC 90 MEPM MIC 90 0.125 mg/ml Cefepime (CFPM) CPR CZOP 0.25 mg/ml Carumonam (CRMN) Flomoxef (FMOX) IPM CMX ABPC MIC 90 >128 m g/ml Cefazolin (CEZ) 64 m g/ml CPFX GM 32 m g/ml LVFX 16 m g/ml CTM CMX CPR CFPM CZOP MIC 128 mg/ml 2 (4.7%) 2 extended-spectrum b-lactamase (ESBLs) (Table 17) 6 Klebsiella spp. K. pneumoniae 18 ABPC FOM (Table 18) Klebsiella oxytoca 8 K. pneumoniae (Table 19) 7 Enterobacter cloacae E. cloacae 16 FMOX FOM MIC 90 CPFX LVFX 0.125 mg/ml MEPM CFPM GM IPM CPR CZOP Amikacin (AMK) (Table 20)
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 333 (65) 8 Citrobacter spp. Citrobacter spp. 7 Citrobacter freundii 4 Citrobacter koseri 2 Citrobacter braakii 1 MEPM CPFX LVFX CFPM GM IPM (Table 21) 9 Pseudomonas aeruginosa P. aeruginosa 21 MIC 90 CPFX LVFX 2 mg/ml MEPM GM 4 mg/ml (Table 22) IPM MIC16 mg/ml 3 AMK MIC 32 mg/ml 1 CPFX MIC 4 mg/ml 2 3 10 Haemophilus spp. Haemophilus spp 5 MEPM LVFX FOM CPFX CMX MINO (Table 23) 11 Streptococcus constellatus S. constellatus 11 CMX CPR MEPM TEIC Tazobactam/Piperacillin (TAZ/PIPC) (Table 24) 12 Streptococcus intermedius S. intermedius 6 FOM (Table 25) 13 Gemella morbillorum G. morbillorum 7 FOM CAZ (Table 26) 14 Peptostreptococcus spp. Peptostreptococcus spp. 5 TEIC CLDM MINO VCM LZD (Table 27) 15 Finegoldia magna F. magna 6 MEPM TAZ/PIPC IPM TEIC MINO ABPC FMOX (Table 28) 16 Anaerococcus prevotii A. prevotii 9 FOM TEIC CLDM MEPM LZD VCM (Table 29) 17 Parvimonas micra P. micra 17 FOM CLDM (Table 30) 18 Veillonella spp. Veillonella spp 14 TEIC VCM CLDM MIC 0.125 mg/ml (Table 31) 19 Eggerthella lenta E. lenta 9 TEIC MEPM LZD VCM ABPC (Table 32) 20 Lactobacillus spp. Lactobacillus spp 15 MIC 90 CLDM ABPC 2 mg/ml TAZ/PIPC LZD (Table 33)
334 (66) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 21 Eubacterium limosum E. limosum 5 MEPM TAZ/PIPC CMX CPR CFPM CZOP ABPC (Table 34) 22 Actinomyces spp. Actinomyces spp. 6 CMX IPM FMOX ABPC MINO MEPM (Table 35) 23 Propionibacterium acnes P. acnes 8 CLDM MINO IPM FMOX MEPM TAZ/PIPC (Table 36) 24 Clostridium spp. Clostridium spp. 14 Clostridium perfringens Clostridium ramosum Clostridium tertium Clostridium bifermentans 2 Clostridium cadaveris Clostridium difficile Clostridium hastiforme Clostridium innocuum Clostridium symbiosum Clostridium sp. 1 TEIC MIC 0.5 mg/ml ABPC 2 mg/ml TAZ/PIPC MEPM CLDM FOM (Table 37) 25 Bacteroides spp. B. fragilis 28 MIC 90 TAZ/PIPC IPM 1 mg/ml 2 mg/ml MEPM 4 mg/ml Sulbactam/Cefoperazone (SBT/CPZ) 8 mg/ml MINO (Table 38) CPR CFPM CZOP CLDM B. fragilis Bacteroides spp. 80 B. thetaiotaomicron 27 B. caccae 16 Bacteroides uniformis 12 Bacteroides ovatus Bacteroides distasonis 7 Bacteroides spp. 11 MIC 90 IPM 2 mg/ml MEPM MINO 4 mg/ml SBT/CPZ TAZ/PIPC 16 mg/ml (Table 39) 26 Bilophila wadsworthia B. wadsworthia 25 CLDM MIC 1 mg/ml CPFX LVFX MINO (Table 40) 27 Campylobacter gracilis C. gracilis 12 MIC 90 CLDM 0.5 mg/ml MEPM IPM 2 mg/ml MINO CPFX FMOX 8 mg/ml (Table 41) 28 Fusobacterium spp. Fusobacterium spp. 15 Fusobacterium nucleatum 9 Fusobacterium varium 5 Fusobacterium mortiferum 1 MINO MIC 0.125 mg/ml MEPM IPM (Table 42) 29 Prevotella spp. Prevotella spp. 34 Prevotella buccae 7 Prevotella melaninogenica 6 Prevotella intermedia 6 Prevotella denticola 5 Prevotella spp. 10 MIC 90 MEPM IPM TAZ/PIPC MINO LVFX
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 335 (67) (Table 43) 30 Porphyromonas asaccharolytica P. asaccharolytica 5 (Table 44) III. 16S rrna DNA 31, 32) phylotype phylotype 33, 34) Domain Bacteria Domain Archaea Euryarchaeota Methanobrevibacteria M. smirhii M. oralis 35) 41 35 26 30 132 90 42 B. wadsworthia b- S. aureus MRSA 4 70% LZD MRSA MRSA S. aureus ABK VCM TEIC LZD VCM MIC 2 mg/ml VCM 36, 37) VCM MIC 2 mg/ml 2004 30 4 (13.3%) 2005 31 5 (16.1%) 25 1 (4.0%) S. epidermidis (12 ) MPIPC MIC 16 mg/ml MRCNS VCM ABK LZD MIC 2 mg/ml TEIC 8 (66.7%) MIC 4 mg/ml 1 MIC 16 mg/ml CNS 6 3 MRCNS 1 TEIC MIC 8 mg/ml E. coli 1990 Cefazolin (CEZ) 100 mg/ml MIC
336 (68) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 10% 11,13~15) 2002 MIC 128 mg/ml 3 (10%) 26) 0 3 1 CEZ MIC 32 mg/ml 6 (14.0%) CTM CMX CPR CFPM CZOP MIC 128 mg/ml 2 (4.7%) ESBLs TAZ/ PIPC SBT/CPZ MIC 16 mg/ml b- P. aeruginosa IPM 50 mg/ml MIC 20% 24 26) 2005 IPM MIC 16 mg/ml 1 2006 3 2006 CPFX MIC 4 mg/ml AMK MIC 32 mg/ml CPFX MIC 4 mg/ml 2 AMK MIC 64 mg/ml 1 IPM AMK CPFX 3 A. prevotii E. lenta B. fragilis Bacteroides spp. B. wadsworthia C. gracilis Prevotella spp. CLDM CLDM 2 (229 ) 14 (6.1%) Clostridium spp. CLDM CPFX LVFX 38) 25 (10.9%) B. wadsworthia CLDM b- 39) 40) S. aureus E. coli Klebsiella spp. Enterobacter spp. P. aeruginosa Bacteroides spp. Enterococcus spp. (VRE) (VRSA) ESBLs E. coli P. aeruginosa Bacteroides spp. B. wadsworthia Prevotella spp. b- 1) 1 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 39: 2557 2578, 1986 2) 2 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 41: 361 389, 1988 3)
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 337 (69) 37: 731 743, 1989 4) (MRSA) 2: 232 240, 1990 5) 3: 103 108, 1991 6) 4: 43 49, 1992 7) MRSA 5: 105 111, 1993 8) Jpn. J. Antibiotics 47: 493 501, 1994 9) Jpn. J. Antibiotics 47: 1329 1343, 1994 10) 24: 40 45, 1995 11) Escherichia coli Jpn. J. Antibiotics 49: 456 464, 1996 12) Pseudomonas aeruginosa Jpn. J. Antibiotics 49: 544 554, 1996 13) 1994 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 49: 849 891, 1996 14) 1995 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 50: 143 177, 1997 15) 1996 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 52: 398 430, 1999 16) Bacteroides fragilis group 28: 48 54, 1998 17) 29: 104 111, 1999 18) 30: 36 43, 2000 19) 30: 141 147, 2000 20) 1997 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 53: 533 565, 2000 21) 1998 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 54: 497 531, 2001 22) 32: 94 102, 2002 23) 1999 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 55: 697 729, 2002 24) 2000 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 55: 730 763, 2002 25) 2001 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 56: 105 137, 2003 26) 2002 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 57: 33 69, 2004 27) 2003 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 58: 123 158, 2005
338 (70) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 28) 2004 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 59: 72 116, 2006 29) 2005 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 60: 52 97, 2007 30) 2006 Jpn. J. Antibiotics 61: 122 171, 2008 31) HANDELSMAN, J.: Metagenomics: application of genomics to uncultured microorganisms. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 68: 669 685, 2004 32) HUGENHOLTZ, P.: B. M. GOEBEL & N. R. PACE: Impact of culture-independent studies on the emerging phylogenetic view of bacterial diversity. Bacteriol. 180: 4765 4774, 1998 33) HEBB, J. K.: C. R. COHEN & S. G. ASTETE, et al.: Detection of novel organisms associated with salpingitis, by use of 16S rdna polymerase chain reaction. J. Infect. Dis. 190: 2109 2120, 2004 34) SIQUEIRA, J. F.: I. N. ROCAS & C. D. CUHA, et al.: Novel bacterial phylotypes in endodontic infections. J. Dent. Res. 84: 565 569, 2005 35) ROBICHAUX, M.: M. HOWELL & R. BOOPATHY: Methanogenic activity in human periodontal pocket. Curr. Microbiol. 46: 53 58, 2003 36) SAKOULAS, G.: P. A. MOISE-BRODER, J. SCHEN- TAG, et al.: Relationship of MIC and bacterial activity to efficacy of vancomycin for treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. J. Clin. Microbiol. 42: 2398 2402, 2004 37) HIDAYAT, L. K.: D. I. HSU, R. QUIST, et al.: High-dose vancomycin therapy for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections: efficacy and toxicity. Arch. Intern. Med. 166: 2138 2144, 2006 38) Clostridium spp. Jpn. J. Antibiotics 60: 171 180, 2007 39) Bilophila wadsworthia Jpn. J. Antibiotics 59: 452 458, 2006 40) Jpn. J. Antibiotics 60: 189 199, 2007
Aug. 2009 THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 44 339 (71) Bacteria isolated from surgical infections and its susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents Special references to bacteria isolated between April 2007 and March 2008 NAGAO SHINAGAWA and MASAMITSU HASEGAWA Department of Surgery, NTT West Tokai Hospital KOICHI HIRATA, TADASHI KATSURAMAKI and TOHRU MIZUKUCHI First Department of Surgery, Sapporo Medical University, School of Medicine YASUHIDE USHIJIMA and TOMOHIRO USHIDA Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Saitama National Hospital NAOKI AIKAWA and KIKUO YO Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, Keio University JIRO YURA Digestive Disease Center, Matsunami General Hospital HIROMITSU TAKEYAMA and TAKEHIRO WAKASUGI Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery MASAAKI TANIGUCHI Department of Surgery, Ookuma Hospital ISAMU MIZUNO Department of Surgery, Nagoya Midori Municipal Hospital KEIJI MASHITA Department of Surgery, Bisai Hospital SYU ISHIKAWA Department of Surgery, Takahama Municipal Hospital AKIRA MIZUNO Department of Surgery, Inabe General Hospital NORIAKI MOORI NAOKI SUMITA Department of Surgery, Chita Kosei Hospital SHOJI KUBO and SHIGERU LEE Department of Gastroenterological and Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine TORU OOMURA Department of Surgery, Fujiidera City Hospital YASUHITO KOBAYASHI and TAKESHI TSUJI Department of Surgery, Wakayama Rosai Hospital HIROKI YAMAUE and MANABU KAWAI Second Department of Surgery, Wakayama Medical School YOSHIO TAKESUE Department of Infection Control, Hyogo Medical School NORIAKI TANAKA Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Transplant and Surgical Oncology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences HIDEYUKI KIMURA Department of Surgery, Okayama Saiseikai Hospital HIROMI IWAGAKI Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Fukuyama National Hospital TAIJIRO SUEDA, EISO HIYAMA, YOSHIAKI MURAKAMI, HIROKI OOGE and KENICHIRO UEMURA Department of Surgery, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University
340 (72) THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANTIBIOTICS 62 _ 4 Aug. 2009 HIROAKI TSUMURA Department of Surgery, Hiroshima City Funairi Hospital TAKASHI YOKOYAMA Aki City Hospital HITOSHI TAKEUCHI and YOSHIMASA YASUI Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Iwakuni National Hospital YOICHI YASUNAMI and SHINICHIRO RYU Department of Surgery 1, Fukuoka University, School of Medicine Bacteria isolated from infections in abdominal surgery during the period from April 2007 to March 2008 were investigated in a multicenter study in Japan, and the following results were obtained. In this series, 707 strains including 24 strains of Candida spp. were isolated from 181 (79.0%) of 229 patients with surgical infections. Three hundred and ninety-five strains were isolated from primary infections, and 288 strains were isolated from postoperative infections. From primary infections, anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria were predominant, followed by aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, while from postoperative infections aerobic Gram-positive bacteria were predominant, followed by anaerobic Gramnegative bacteria. Among aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Enterococcus spp. was highest, followed by Streptococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. in this order, from primary infections, while Enterococcus spp. was highest, followed by Staphylococcus spp. from postoperative infections. Among aerobic Gram-negative bacteria, Escherichia coli was the most predominantly isolated from primary infections, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacter cloacae, in this order, and from postoperative infections, P. aeruginosa was most predominantly isolated, followed by E. cloacae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae. Among anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria, the isolation rate of Parvimonas micra was the highest from primary infections, followed by Streptococcus constellatus and Gemella morbillorum, and from postoperative infections, Anaerococcus prevotii was most predominantly isolated. Among anaerobic Gram-negative bacteria, the isolation rate of both Bacteroides fragilis and Bilophila wadsworthia were the highest from primary infections, followed by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Campylobacter gracilis, and from postoperative infections, B. thetaiotaomicron was most predominately isolated, followed by B. fragilis, Bacteroides caccae and B. wadsworthia in this order. In this series, we noticed no vancomycin-resistant Gram-positive cocci, nor multidrugresistant P. aeruginosa. There were nine strains of coagulase-negative Staphylococci which show higher MIC against teicoplanin more than 4 mg/ml, but all of them had good susceptibilities against various anti-mrsa antibiotics. We should carefully follow up B. wadsworthia which was resistant to various antibiotics, and also Bacteroides spp. which was resistant to many b-lactam antibiotics.