JUNE 1988

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Transcription:

JUNE 1988

VOL.36 S-2 CHEMOTHERAPY Table 1. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against standard strains of bacteria By the agar-dilution method (inoculum: 106 CFU/ml)

JUNE 1988 Fig. 3. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against MRSA (44 strains) Fig. 2. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against S. aureus (161 strains) Fig. 4. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against S. epidermidis (107 strains)

VOL. 36 S-2 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig. 6. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against S. pneumoniae (24 strains) Fig. 5. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against S. pyogenes (92 strains) Fig. 7. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against E. faecalis (54 strains)

JUNE 1988 Fig.8. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against E. coli (93 strains) Fig.9. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against K. pneumoniae (40 strains) Fig.10. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against K. oxytoca (56 strains)

106 CFU/ml 106CFU/ml Fig. 11. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against C. freundii (76 strains) Fig. 13. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against Salmonella spp. (107 strains) 106 CFU/ml 106 CFU/ml Fig. 12. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against Shigella spp. (107 strains) Fig. 14. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against E. cloacae (100 strains)

JUNE 1988 Fig.16. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against P vulgaris (99 strains) Fig.15. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against P. mirabilis (99 strains) Fig.17. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against M. morganii (50 strains)

VOL.36 S-2 CHEMOTHERAPY Fig.18. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against P. inconstans (88 strains) Fig.20. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against P. aeruginosa (99 strains) Fig.19. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against S. marcescens (100 strains)

Fig. 21. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against GM-resistant P. aeruginosa (45 strains) Fig. 23. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against X. maltophilia (50 strains) Fig. 22. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against P. cepacia (51 strains) Fig. 24. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against A. calcoaceticus (49 strains)

Fig. 25. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against Legionella spp. (15 strains) Fig. 26. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against H. influenzae (72 strains) Fig. 27. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against ABPC-resistant H. influenzae (64 strains)

Fig. 28. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against N. gonorrhoeae (17 strains) Fig. 30. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against C. perfringens (16 strains) Fig. 29. Antibacterial B. fragilis (27 strains) activity of NY-198 against Fig. 31. Antibacterial activity of NY-198 against C. difficile (27 strains)

Table 2. Bactericidal activity of NY-198 against standard strains (MIC, MBC: ƒêg/ml)

NY-198 (MIC: 0.78 pg/ml) OFLX (MIC: 0.39ug/ml) NFLX (MIC: 0.78 pg/ml) PPA (WC: 25 pg/ml) Fig.32. Bactericidal activity of NY-198 against S. aureus Smith

NY-198 (MIC: 0.10 pg/m1) OFLX (MIC: 0.05 pg/m1) NFLX (MIC: 0.10 pg/ml) PPA (MIC: 1.56 pg/ml) Fig.33. Bactericidal activity of NY-198 against E. colt ML4707

NY-198 (MIC: 3.13 ug/ml) OFLX (MIC: 3.13 pg/ml) NFLX (MIC: 1.56 g g/ml) PPA (MIC: 25 pg/mi) Fig. 34. Bactericidal activity of NY-198 against P. aeruginosa GN11189

S. aureus FDA209 JC-1 E. coli NIHJ JC-2 K. pneumoniae PCI-602 S. typhimurium IID-971 S. marcescens IAM1184 M. morganii IF03848 P. aeruginosa IFO3445 Fig. 35. Influence of horse serum on MIC

S. aureus FDA209 JC-1 E. coil NIHJ JC-2 K. pneumoniae PCI-602 S. typhimurium IID971 ph of medium S. marcescens IAM 1184 M. morganii IFO 3848 P. aeruginosa IFO 3445 ph of medium Fig. 36. Influence of medium ph on MIC

S. aureus FDA 209 JC-1 E. co li NIHJ JC-2 K. pneumonzae PCI-602 S. typhimurium LID 971 S. marcescens IAM 1184 M. morganii IFO 3848 P. aeruginosa IFO 3445 Fig. 37. Influence of inoculum size on MIC

S. aureus FDA 209 JC-1 E. coli NIHJ JC-2 K. pneumoniae PCI-602 S. typhimurium IID 971 S. marcescens IAM 1184 M. morganii IFO 3848 P. aeruginosa IFO 3445 <Medium> S: Sensitivity disc agar B: Brain heart infusion agar H: Heart infusion ager N: Nutrient agar Fig. 38. Influence of medium on MIC

Table 3. Frequency of spontaneous mutants resistant to NY-198 Selective concentration: 8 times the MIC value Fig. 39. Inhibition of E. coli KL-16 DNA gyrase supercoiling activity by NY-198

Table 4. Inhibition of E. coli KL-16 DNA gyrase superocoiling activity by quinolonecarboxylic acids Table 5. Protective effects of NY-198 on systemic infections in mice a) Adiministered intraperitoneally. b) Single oral medication immediately after infection.

VOL.36 S-2 CHEMOTHERAPY 1) SATO, K.; Y. MATSUURA, M. INOUE, T. UNE, Y. OSADA, H. OGAWA & S. MITSUHASHI: In vitro and in vivo activity of DL-8280, a new oxazine derivative. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 22: 548-553, 1982 2) ITO, A.; K. HIRAI, M. INOUE, H. KOGA, S. SUZUE, T. IRIKURA & S. MITSUHASHI: In vitro antibacterial activity of AM-715, a new nalidixic acid analog. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 77 : 103-108, 1980 3) SHIMIZU, M.; Y. TAKASE, S. NAKAMURA, H. KATAE, A. MINAMI, K. NAICATA, S. INOUE, M. ISHIYAMA & Y. KUBO: Pipemidic acid, a new antibacterial agent active against Pseudomonas aeruginosa: in vitro properties. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 8: 132-138, 1975 6) GELLERT, M.; L. M. FISHER & M. H. O'DEA: DNA gyrase: Purification and catalytic properties of a fragment of gyrase B protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 6289-6293, 1979 7) STAUDENBAUER, W. L. & E. ORR: DNA gyrase affinity chromatography on novobiocin-sepharose and catalytic properties. Res. 9: 3589-3609, 1981 Nucleic Acid 8) SATO, K., Y. INOUE, T. Fuji', H. AOYAMA, M. INOUE & S. MITSUHASHI: Purification and properties of DNA gyrase from a fluoroquinolone resistant strain of Escherichia coli. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 30: 777-780,

JUNE 1988 1986 9) GELLERT, M.; K. MIZUUCHI, M. H. O'DEA & H. A. NASH: DNA gyrase: An enzyme that introduces superhelical turns into DNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 73: 3872-3876, 1976 10) MILLER, L. C.& M. L. TAINTER: Estimation of the ED50 and its error by means of logarithmic -probit graph paper. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 57: 261-264, 1944 11) SUGINO, A. C. L. PEEBLES, K. N. KREUZER & N. R. COZZARELLI: Mechanism of action of nalidixic acid: Purification of Escherichia coli nal A gene product and its relationship to DNA gyrase and a novel nickingclosing enzyme. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 74: 4767-4771, 1977 12) KREUZER, K. N.&N. R. COZZARELLI: Escherichia coli mutants thermosensitive for deoxyribonucleic acid gyrase subunit A: Effects on deoxyribonucleic acid replication, transcription and bacteriophage growth. J. Bacteriol. 140: 424-435, 1979 13) ORR, E. N. F. FAIRWEATHER, I. B. HOLLAND & R. H. PRITCHARD: Isolation and characterization of a strain carrying a conditional lethal mutation in the cou gene of Escherichia coli K12. Mol. Gen. Genet. 177: 103-112, 1979 14) GELLERT, M.: DNA topoisomerases. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 50: 897-910, 1981 15) KATO, H. 0. NAGATA, E. OKEZAKI, T. YAMADA, Y. ITO, T. TERASAKI & A. Tsuji: NY-198, a new antimicrobial agent of quinolone : Absorption, distribution and excretion in animals. Program Abstr. 25th Intersci. Conf. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., abstr. no. 568, 1985 17) NAKASHIMA, M.; T. UEMATSU, Y. TAKIGUCHI, A. MIZUNO, M. KANAMARU, A. Tsuji, S. KUBO, O. NAGATA, E. OKEZAKI & Y. TAKAHARA : A new quinolone, NY-198: Parmacokinetics in healthy volunteers. Program Abstr. 26th Intersci. Conf.. Antiinicrob. Agents Chemother abstr. no. 430, 1986 IN VITRO AND IN VIVO ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES OF NY-198 Laboratory TOHRU HIROSE and Susumu MITSUHASHI Episome Institute, Gunma MATSUHISA INOUE of Drug Resistance in Bacteria, School of Medicine, Gunma University, Gunma NY-198, a new oral difluorinated quinolone, is characterized by the presence of a C-methyl group at the 3- position of the piperazine moiety. We compared the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of NY-198 with those of ofloxacin (OFLX), norfloxacin (NFLX), and pipemidic acid (PPA). The results are summarized as follows: 1) NY-198 had a broad spectrum, with strong antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and - negative bacteria. Its in vitro activity was similar to those of OFLX and NFLX. 2) NY-198 showed no cross-resistance with methicillin, gentamicin, ampicillin, and nalidixic acid. 3) The action of NY-198 was bactericidal. 4) Variation in medium ph, medium, inoculum size, and addition of horse serum had no effect on MICs of NY -198. 5) The frequency of spontaneous mutation resistance to NY-198 was relatively low. 6) NY-198 strongly inhibited the supercoiling activity of DNA gyrase purified from E. coli KL-16. 7) In vivo antibacterial activity of NY-198 against systemic infections in mice was 2-to 4-fold that of NFLX and 1-to 2-fold that of OFLX.