15 14
21 WIN WIN No.1,2003,p3
() () ()
--------------------------------------------------------- 1. 21 -------------------------------------------------- 1. --------------------------------------------- 5. ------------------------------------------------------ 7. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 8. ------------------------------------------- 9. ------------------------------------------------------------------ 10. ------------------------------------------- 12 ---------------- 16. ------------------------------------------------------------------ 16. ------------------------- 25 ------------------------------ 61. ---------------------------------------- 63. ------------------------------------------- 68. ---------- 70. --------------------------------------------------------------- 79. ------------------------------------------------------ 84. ---------------------------------- 89. --------------------------------------------- 95 ---------------------------------------------101. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------101..---------------------------------- 101.. ---------------------------109.. ---------------------------------------115.. ------------------------------------------------121. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------130.. -----------------------------------------------------------------------------130.. ------------------------------------------------131.. ---------------------------------------139
.. ---------------------------------------------143.. -----------------------------------------------------------------------145 ------------------------------------------155. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------155. ------------------------------------------------------------156. ------------------------------------------------------------162. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------206 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------224. ---------------------------------------------------------------224. ---------------------------------------------------------------------225. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------226. ---------------------------------------------------------------------228. ---------------------------------------------------230. ---------------------------------------------------230 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------231. ------------------------------------------------------------231. ---------------------------------------------------------257 -----------------------------------315 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 395
1
2
60 3
4
5
6
7
8
B 9
10
entangle 11
12
20 20
1.2 500 Technology Portfolio Management TPM TPM WANT WANT WANT WANT WANT MUST MUST MUST CAN CAN CAN WANT WANT WANT MUST MUST MUST CAN CAN CAN CO CO
15 21
40 10 20 IBM IBM 20
16 20 IT 19 20
19
20 30
16 19 20 20 7,80 100
IT TPM
TPM TPM
15 20
16 5 20 10 16 16
17 15 50 15 12
16 15
600 700 800 1500 1600 16 500 800 16 7 1 20
1492 40 TPM 90 200
15 20
18 19
16 18 19 9 HRI HRI 19
1920 20 IBM MPU
50
1960
1830 100 1948 50 1100 1000 900 800 700 600 1500 1600 1700 1800 1900
17 100 0.1 1 21 10
20 19 10 1830 10 Mitchell, European Historical Statistics. km k 0.1 1830 80 1870
19 1870 20
19 20 20 3 1930
19 40 20 3 30 60 20 50 20 20 20 30
20 1900 1929 9 1920 19 30 1950 1980 80 20
1800 1900 2000 1800 1900 2000 5000 1 2 5000 1 2
6 20 2 1990 90 5 20
21 90 80
P. W. 1997 21 90 20 6
90 30 11 21 3 4,5
8 0.06 0.2 0.7 1.5 1.5 21 19
1.5 5000 16 17 19 20 20 1930 16 1946 1942 19 06 16 100 19
21 3
20 0.1 20 2 2000 50 7,80
depression depression 30 30
17 20
2
67 500 538 8 260 1 668749 49 745 3
16 12 250 500 2 2 12 496 8,5 2470 440 4
8 ( ) 4000 100 3 4 5
5 6 6
1853 749 4 700 1885 7 7 1805 7
( 1964 Web http://www.at-takaoka.co.jp/index.asp Web http://www.fm-007.com/index.htm 3 4 3 6 6 6 8
6 11 13 14 15 37,000 17 17 Stanley Smith 9
13 clock CLOCCA 14 16 1 24 10
8 9 1 1 24 1 1 30 15641642 1581 8 9 11
7 1658 162995 17 16351703 1699 1 1680 18 16 16 1583 1601 18 4,000 20 1551 20 = 1606 11 12
1011 2 670 1551 1600 5 DNA 10 HPhttp://www.toshogu.or.jp/art/art.htm 11 http://www.geocities.jp/afi_651/japantime4.html 13
1832 1598 2 2 185051 34 6 (24 )7 1862 26 12 1630 16391854 1 2 12 [1994] pp42-43 14
13 1873 6 1 1 3 1 4 18725 1872 5 30 10 6 1 1 1877 10 1874 1881 150 1892 13 15
1875 8 1887 25 1883 3 4,200 1890 1896 30 1888 1892 1868 1887 1918 1924 3 1930 1941 1943 1950 16
1970 IC 17
, 1994, :, 2001 1984, C.M., 1976 C. G.H. C.A., 1980, 1985 http://www5b.biglobe.ne.jp/~wclock/syuuhei.htm http://www.tabiken.com/history/doc/n/n071c100.htm http://members.aol.com/vergewatch/sub2.htm http://www.ammo.jp/monthly/0212/08.html http://www.toshogu.or.jp/art/art.htm HP http://www.geocities.jp/afi_651/japantime4.html http://www.rits.yamaguchi-u.ac.jp/ HP 18
2 14 13 15 = 1543 3 2 14 300 1274 15 (1468 ) 19
20
6 (1549 ) 16 1555 300 17 16 1549 500 18 3000 1000 (1569 ) 19 20 16 17 18 500 19 20 P662 21
21 22 23 24 21 22 23 1555 1558 24 Letters received by the East India Company from its Servants in the East.London.1987,Vol.2.p199. 22
1543 25 2 1556 26 1991 1997 1991 Web http://www.sanada.or.jp/contents/column/hinawa/hinawa.html 25 26 23
24
25
http://www.city.yokosuka.kanagawa.jp/ijin/zousen.html 26
27 http://www.ship-doctor.com/menu3_2.html 28 http://homepage3.nifty.com/jpnships/meiji02/meiji02.htm 27
29 http://www.mhi.co.jp/nsmw/html/nws01096.htm 28
18861976 69115 29
30
1937 1936 1939 1941 31
10 32
30 16 30 33
YAGI AERIAL ARRAY 1938 34
1990 2002 CQ 1981 PHP 1986 NF 2001 31 ISO 35
32 2 3.2 4 6.4 36
37
38
33 20 39
1995 1997 40
300 900 1543
DNA
100kg/mm 2
mm 210kg/mm 2 TIG (a)
38(1905)11 451912 9(1920) 12(1937) 13Cr 18-8 20 24(1949) 28(1953) 30 10 1/3 40 53
(b) 1920 25(1950) 30(1955) 40(1955) 47(1972) 38(1905) 10(1921) 14(1939)
18(1943) 28(1953) 55mm 1,200mm 3,480mm 30 12MeV max.450mm 44(1969) (c) 40
38(1905) 43(1968) 1,700t/h268kg/cm 2 46(1971) 4,270mm 22,500mm280mm 570 (a) (b)
6500 150mm 13m 6500 100mm (c) 75mm100mm CAD/CAM CIM CIM
(d) / 30 30 33(1958)4 25
36 WH WH 46 WH MNF 47 39 30 62 76 WH
4348 95 47 PWR YAG
(a) 60 60 APWR (b) (c) 46(1971) 48(1973) (d) (e)
ECT 2
(1) (2) 3 4
eye Vol.46 No.7(2000 7 ) Vol.32 No.6 PHP
2
Verification from the Deming s World 1992 20 20
1980 redesign 1980 1950 ( )
1
( ) () market survey 2 Elementary Principles of the Statistical Control of Quality 3
50 20 5 4 5 The Scientific Context of Quality Improvement: A Look at the Use of Scientific Method in Quality ImprovementG. Box and S. Bisgaard, (Quality Progress, June 1987), The Age of Unreason, C. HandyHBS Press, 1990
6 PDCA( )
1980 7 Thomas Hobbes,
(The Business University Forum of Japan )
The Business University Forum of Japan ( ) 8 (Business Higher Education Forum) BHEF Education Forum) Council for Industrial and Higher Education 1978 9 ( ) ( ) 10 8 http://www.buf-jp.org/ 9 10
2000 11 foster 1992 1950 1980 20 20 11
12 20 1920 13 20 14 20 19 ( ) 15 16 17 12 Max Weber, Edited by T. Parsons 13 14 15 16 17
18 19 20 17 20 21 22 1950 1980 18 19 2002 20 20 21 22
23 The Bell Curve 24 25 EQ 26 27
28 29 30
33 34 (Charismatic grounds) 35 (Traditional grounds) 36 33 34 35 The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, M.Weber, translated by A. M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons, 1947 Oxford University Press 36
(traditional authority) 37 ( ) ( ) 17 ( ) 38 37 38 wondering stars
39 40 20 41 20 sub-atoms 20 42 4 20 39 ratio 40 The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, Edited with an introduction by T. Parsons, The Free Press 41 42
43 44 20 45 43 44 45
46 17 rationalreason ratio 20 47 21 46 47
scire 18 48 48
20 20 20
( ) 19 200 19 Structures in Scientific Revolution 49 49
50 200 20 50 E.O.Wilson, N. Chomsky
51 20 52 51 52
53 (technique) ( ) 53 1980
54 2 55 (art, technique)modern technology 19 56 20 54 55 56
19 20 57 200 ( ) Science & Technology 58 4 57 58
20 1980 Made in America 59 60 59 60
61 19 20 ( ) ( ) 61
1950 20 62 3 63 64 65 19 ( ) (craftsman) (technician) 20 engineer 62 63 64 65 ( )
ingenuity( ) 3000 66 67 (quality) 66 67
68 69 70 qualis (how constituted) 71 68 69 70 71 Economic Control of Quality of Manufactured Product, W.A.Shewhart, D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc., 1931
1980 20 (1980 1990 ) 72 73
74 (lift up) 75 76 2 80 77 74 75 76 1980 20 77
78 20 1990 20 2 791990 Japanization ( ) 78 79
10 ( ) 10 EU ( ) 80 81 80 100 81
82 83 84 85 86 87 88 82 83 84 85 86 87 1980 88
89 atrophy ( ) ( ) 90 91 92 NPO 89 20 90 91 92
93 ( ) elevate 94 95 NPO 96 97 93 NPO 94 95 () 96 97
98 99 atrophy 1990 100 101 28 98 99 100 101
102 103 1980 National Science Foundation National Research Council 104 102 103 1990 ( ) 104
105 Intelligent Manufacturing System 106 107 () 105 106 107
1980 1990 1980 20 ( ) ( ) skim the cream ( ) ( ) ( )
1995 1999 (Council f Technology Policy) 2004 1998 5 17 2003 5 24 50 30 30 3 4
1000 () ( ) ( ) 10 19 1945 Science The Endless 108 Frontier 108
1980 The Endless Frontier Lost at the Frontier 109 10 110 109 1980 110 1990
() 111 ( ) 112 1965 Science is not enough 113 Art of Management 111 The New Economics for Industry, Government, Education, W.E. Deming, MIT Press, 1992 112 NPO 113
Technique can be taught, but art must be learned An important part of the art of management is the art of listening 114 Art of Management 3 20 (Beyond bureaucracy) 115 114 115
19 20 116 200 117 ( ) 118 47.5 116 1911 117 118 task
119 120 1950 121
122 3 1 20 1980 1980 1980 122 1924
( ) 1980 20 unlearn 123 ( ) 123
10 ( )
() 17 22 ()
11 10 10 26 26 15 18 27
20 19201930 20 10 15
20
19 19 100 19 20
80 19 19 80
100
90 want must can
80 90 20
500 10
2500 500
100-1 / 1950
1886 1912 flui 1886 1908
1913 1914 20 1500 20 90
revolution evolution 21 20 1.5
what to do how to do what to do 90 what to do
what to do how what to make to make evolution revolution revolution 10
1415 20 2020 2030 10 1951 20 30 80 75 150 1980 1993
1924 1980 50 80 90 10 20
20 20 1980
80 1950 20 20 80 1920
1
2
3
4
5
6
7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0-1 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000-2 -3-4 7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
1 1993 1994 23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
2 64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
105-0011 108-8215 ()